Effect of the Germinating Seed Environment on Crop Yields. I. Effect of Soil Acidity at Germination on Yields of Sweet Clover and Alfalfa

1983 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Germination Stage

SUMMARYThe dependence of yields of sweet clover and alfalfa on environmental conditions, including soil acidity, at the germination stage has been studied over a period of 28 years. Results have been dramatic: sweet clover and alfalfa can grow well and produce large yields even on strongly acid soils (pHKCl 4.0) providing that the process of germination starts in a neutral medium.

scholarly journals Investigation of Causes and Influences of Soil Acidity on Crop Yields in Kozova District, Ternopil Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (91) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
N. M. Glovyn ◽  
O. V. Pavliv
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

The paper covers the causes of occurrence and the methods of investigating soil acidity in Kozova destrict, Ternopil region. It is a highly topical issue, since increased soil acidity negatively influences the growth and the development of most cultivated crops and affects favourable microbiological soil properties. Soil acidity is caused by hydroions that are formed under the dissociation of acids and hydrolytic acid salts and are absorbed by the smallest soil particles – colloids, which can go into interstitial water. The increased soil acidity, which is a limiting factor for the biodiversity of a particular area and interferes healthy plant development, is an important agricultural problem. It can cause the decrease of crop yields as well as plant diseases. That is why, farmers should be aware of the type and the peculiarities of the soil present on their lots and take into account and regulate pH values when cultivating various agricultural crops. Soil acidity is considered to be acceptable for the healthy growth and development of plants, if it falls within the limits of рН 6.5–7.5. It has been determined that the application of mineral fertilizers without limestone materials causes acidification of typical black soils. If there is a long-term use of the increased amounts of mineral fertilizers, there is an increase of the active acidity observed. The application of nitrogenous fertilizers increases soil active acidity even more compared to the use of phosphate potassium fertilizers. Soil exhaustion prevention techniques have been substantiated. The methods of determining soil acidity have been considered. A potentiometric method is the most wide-spread in terms of determining soil acidity level, since it is highly sensitive and accurate. Soil acidity has been experimentally determined by potentiometry using TsINAO method (GOST 26483–85) and hydrolytically using Kapenn method (GOST 26212–91). Statistical data processing has been performed. The weighted-average acidity index pH salt. is 6.3 and the hydrolytic acidity is 1.77 mg–acs/100g of soil, pH salt. is 5.9 and  hydrolytic acidity is 1.92 mg–acs/100g of soil. It shows that plants can grow and develop well in this soil. Scientific and production experience suggests that the yield from acid soils decreases for 15–20%. The scientific agro-ecological approach, that is the calculation of the balance of nutrients and humus depending on the kind of the cultivated crop as well as physical, chamical and bilological soil characteristics and well-timed liming, can provide the necessary level of nutrients in the soil of agricultural enterprises. In order to provide fertile soil and improve agro-ecological conditions of the soil in Kozova district, it is necessary to provide annual application of nutrients using organic and mineral fertilizers with the optimal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and by liming acid soils. Currently, it is very important to apply organic agriculture, which can improve the quality and the competitiveness of agricultural products. Scientific investigations on every crop have determined the optimal рH level and its value depends on the soil and the climatic conditions, the type of soils, their particle-size distribution and the state of cultivation. Soil acidity is one of the factors that influence the decrease of yields, especially the yields of those crops that require great amounts of potassium and magnesium for their healthy growth.

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING THE RESPONSE OF CLOVER ESTABLISHMENT TO INOCULATION AND PELLETING

1976 ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
W.L. Lowther
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Cover Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Tussock Grassland

Results of trials evaluating the effectiveness of different inoculation and pelleting techniques on the establishment of clovers oversown in tussock grassland sites are discussed. These trials were carried out simulating as far as possible the practical applications. Response to inoculation and pelleting varied with environmental conditions (e.g., altitude, soil acidity and vegetative cover), time of sowing, and populations of rhizobia in the soil. On some soils, clover established reasonably Erom inoculated seed, while on some acid soils effective pelleting of inoculated seed was essential. Environmental conditions influenced the standards required for inoculants and pelleted seed. The importance of field testing in addition to laboratory testing is stressed.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

Long-term effects of lime application on soil acidity and crop yields on a red soil in Central Zhejiang

2004 ◽  
Vol 265 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Cifu ◽  
Lu Xiaonan ◽  
Cao Zhihong ◽  
Hu Zhengyi ◽  
Ma Wanzhu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Lime Application

Wood Ash Improved Soil Properties and Crop Yield for Nine Years and Saved Fertilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill ◽  
Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽  
Newton Z. Lupwayi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Contribution Margin ◽  
Seed Yields

<p>Wood ash may be used to mitigate soil acidity and improve crop production. We compared effects of wood ash and recommended fertilizers on soil properties of a Gray Luivsol, crop yields and contribution margins in southeast Peace, Alberta, Canada. The CHK (no fertilizer, inoculation or wood ash), FRT (recommended fertilizers or inoculation), ASH (wood ash rate to supply amounts of phosphorus equivalent to the FRT treatment); and ASH+N (same as ASH + N fertilizer or inoculation) treatments were applied in 2006 and 2007. Their effects were studied from 2006 to 2014. Wood ash had all the essential plant nutrients, except nitrogen. Soil samples collected in 2007, 2008 and 2013 had or tended to have higher pH, P, K, Ca, Ca:Mg ratio, S, Cu, Zn and B levels for the ASH and ASH+N treatments than the CHK and FRT treatments. In the 2006 and 2007, the seed yields were ASH+N &gt; FRT &gt; ASH &gt; CHK. The seed yields in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were greater from both the wood ash treatments than other treatments. Extra contribution margin from the ASH+N over the FRT treatment was $751/ha, i.e. $97 Mg<sup>-1</sup> of applied wood ash. Overall, wood ash reduced fertilizer expenditure and improved seed yield, contribution margin and soil properties, with residual effects observed up to seven years and likely for few more years.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Lime and Soil Conditioners on Crop Yields and Soil Aggregation

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
J. A. Bonnet ◽  
R. Pérez-Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Plant Crop

Data are presented here on the effect of synthetic soil conditioners on aggregation and aggregate stability of acid Lares clay and on their effect, with or without lime, on the yields of sweetpotatoes, cotton, and corn. Three conditioners were used: Formulations 6 and 9 of Krilium, and Aerotil, dry form, each at the rates of 900, 1,800, and 3,600 pounds to the acre. There were 20 treatments: Check, lime, conditioners at three levels, and conditioners at the same three levels plus lime. The data presented indicate that these conditioners will stabilize soil structural units, but will not form them. Five crops were grown as a sequence: Sweetpotatoes, cotton, cotton (a ratoon crop), sweetpotatoes, and corn. All crops, except the cotton ratoon, showed some response to the application of soil conditioners. Sweetpotato, a root crop, was more responsive; but the cotton plant crop responded also to stabilized good structural soil conditions. The largest crop responses measured were in the limed treatments. Increases attributable to lime were obtained either in the presence or absence of synthetic soil conditioners. Liming and rational fertilization seems to be the key to increased productivity in some acid soils of Puerto Rico. The synthetic materials do not have practical possibilities in large-scale farming.

Soil properties in relation to the occurrence of grass sickness in horses

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Grass Sickness ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Pasture Plants

Any conclusions drawn from the foregoing results will of course apply only to the necessarily limited range of soils in one county. This range is limited geologically and the Aberdeenshire soils belong largely to the class of light to medium acid soils of low base status. The results for these soils indicate that:(a) The occurrence of grass sickness is not confined to soils of any particular geological origin.(b) The range of textural conditions in the soils examined is a wide one covering loams, sands and peaty types with a few moderately heavy soils. There does not appear to be any relationship between soil texture and the incidence of grass sickness.(c) The soils examined all fall into the class of acid soils and in only a very few—about 5 to 10%—could the addition of lime be considered unnecessary from the general agricultural point of view. As against this there are no striking abnormalities in the ratios of exchangeable or readily soluble cations in the soils, which might serve as a clue to the occurrence of grass sickness. Although little is known of the actual magnesium, manganese and strontium requirements of hay and pasture plants, the range of values covered in the soils examined is sufficiently wide to make it very unlikely that there is any relationship between the incidence of grass sickness and the magnesium, manganese or strontium contents of the soil. In view of the relatively widespread acidity in the soils examined, the possibility of a relationship between the occurrence of grass sickness and soil acidity has to be borne in mind. It would be of value to find out if grass sickness occurs to an appreciable extent on limestone soils, or on soils which have been systematically limed and which have pK values in the neighbourhood of 7.(d) The majority of the soils are, from the general agricultural point of view, somewhat low in readily soluble or available potash and phosphate, but against this about 30% of the soils have satisfactory phosphate contents and about 20% of the ordinary surface soils and 46% of the top 2 in. samples, in which occur the bulk of the plant roots, have satisfactory potash contents. It does not appear likely therefore that the occurrence of grass sickness is to be related directly to the phosphate and potash contents of the soil. As far as reserves of the common plant foods are concerned there is likewise no abnormality which could account for the disease.

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