Effects of Component Densities and Nitrogen Fertilization on Efficiency and Yield of a Maize/Soyabean Intercrop

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Russell ◽  
R. M. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Measure Of Performance ◽  
Input Level ◽  
Yield Depression

SUMMARYA field study was conducted in 1985 at two locations in Maryland, USA, to test the influence of environment (location), input level (N fertilization), management (component density combinations), and measure of performance on recommendations for a maize/soyabean intercrop. Location affected the degree of intercrop yield depression of each crop; the effect of N on relative competitive abilities; the maximum Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and maximum modified Staple Land Equivalent Ratio (SLER); the difference between LER and SLER; the optimum density combinations and change in optima in response to N; and the N level at which the greatest land use efficiency was achieved. Given the complexity of the environmental effects, recommendations based on the trials have a very narrow range of applicability.

Trade-Off between Energy Wood and Grain Production in Temperate Alley-Cropping Systems: An Empirical and Simulation-Based Derivation of Land Equivalent Ratio

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Maria Seserman ◽  
Dirk Freese ◽  
Anita Swieter ◽  
Maren Langhof ◽  
Maik Veste
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Use Efficiency

The alley-cropping systems (ACSs), which integrate parallel tree strips at varying distances on an agricultural field can result, complementarity of resource use, in an increased land-use efficiency. Practitioners’ concerns have been directed towards the productivity of such systems given a reduced area covered by agricultural crops. The land equivalent ratio (LER) serves as a valuable productivity indicator of yield performance and land-use efficiency in ACSs, as it compares the yields achieved in monocultures to those from ACSs. Consequently, the objective of this combined experimental and simulation study was to assess the tree- and crop-yields and to derive the LER and gross energy yield for two temperate ACSs in Germany under different design scenarios, i.e., tree arrangements (lee- or wind-ward) and ratios of tree area to crop area. Both LER and gross energy yields resulted in a convex curve where the maximum values were achieved when either the tree or crop component was dominant (>75% of the land area) and minimum when these components shared similar proportions of land area. The implications of several design scenarios have been discussed in order to improve the decision-making, optimization, and adaptation of the design of ACSs with respect to site-specific characteristics.

scholarly journals Improvements of Durum Wheat Main Crop in Weed Control, Productivity and Grain Quality through the Inclusion of FenuGreek and Clover as Companion Plants: Effect of N FertilizaTion Regime

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Wael Toukabri ◽  
Nouha Ferchichi ◽  
Dorsaf Hlel ◽  
Mohamed Jadlaoui ◽  
Oussema Kheriji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Companion Plants

Assessing the performance of legume species as companion plants is a prerequisite for promoting a low chemical-input durum wheat production system. This study aims to evaluate fenugreek (IC-Fen), clover (IC-Clo) and their mixture (IC-Mix) performances on weed control, productivity, and grain quality of durum wheat main crop under different N fertilization regimes, as compared to durum wheat alone with (SC-H) and without (SC-NH) herbicide. On-field experimentations were carried out in humid and semi-arid conditions. Results showed that legumes offer significant advantages in terms of weed control, soil moisture conservation, productivity, and grain quality for durum wheat cash crops. Results explain that these benefits depend on the legume part and the adopted N fertilization regime. Most significant improvements occurred with the IC-Mix under unfertilized conditions (N0) and relatively low and late N regimes (N1 and N2) where, for example, the partial land equivalent ratio of durum wheat grain yield (PLER) reached 1.25 compared to the SC-NH, with no need to sort the raw grain product (legumes seeds not exceeding 4.3%). Our study illustrates that under low and late N-fertilization condition using promising legumes species combinations result in the improvement of N fertilizer land-use efficiency and hence help to reduce N-fertilization inputs.

scholarly journals INTERCROPPING OF SOUTHERNPEAS AND CORN

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 489d-489
Author(s):  
E. G. Rhoden ◽  
P. Jere ◽  
P. K. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Use Efficiency

Intercropping increases land use efficiency and provide prolonged yields between compatible crops. A study was conducted to evaluate the yield advantage of intercropping southernpeas (Vigna unguiculata) with corn (Zea mays) in addition to determining the yield advantage of corn, `Yellow Trucker', and two southernpeas cultivars; `Mississippi Silver' and `Pinkeye Purolehull', in an intercrop. Cropping method significantly affected the yield of corn but not southernpeas. Cropping method also influenced leaf area, dry matter and plant height of both southernpeas cultivars. Corn had higher yields in alternate-single row (45×30 cm) with southernpeas intercrop than within (90×15 cm) or alternate row (90×15). Competition for light and nutrients may have accounted for the reduction in dry matter and leaf area of southernpeas in intercrop. The average yield advantage, as measured by the land equivalent ratio, ranged between 1.39 and 1.70. When area time equivalent ratio was used to measure the yield advantage, the range was 1.2 to 1.45. `Pinkeye Purplehull' is more compatible with corn in intercropping than `Mississippi Silver'.

scholarly journals Maize and Potato Intercropping: A Technology to Increase Productivity and Profitability in Tigray

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyenesh Z. Kidane ◽  
Mereseit H. Hailu ◽  
Haile T. Haile
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractSmallholders have limited landholding in the highlands of Tigray and therefore there is a critical need to improve land use efficiency (LUE). One way to improve the LUE is through intercropping of companion crops including maize and potato. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the intercropping ratio as a means to improve land use efficiency during the 2012 cropping season. The treatments tested were three intercropping ratios of maize: potato in 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 row arrangement compared against the maize and potato only cropping. The objective of the study was to identify the best intercropping ratio that maximizes land use efficiency. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was used to compare the land use efficiency of the intercrops with each sole crop. The total yield of intercropped crops were greater than sole cropping, shown by LER>1. The overall advantage of intercropping ranged from 35 to 58%. The highest land equivalent value of 58% was recorded for one maize and two potato rows arrangements indicated a yield advantage of 58% over sole crop. The partial land equivalent value of both crops in intercropping was less than one indicating the cohesiveness of both crops in intercropping. Thus, it can be concluded that 1maize: 2 potato intercropping is a viable agronomic option in increasing land use efficiency and increased food security. It is, therefore, imperative to demonstrate the best treatment under farmer’s condition.

scholarly journals Maximizing Land Use Efficiency and Productivity of Soybean and Fodder Maize Intercrops through Manipulating Sowing Schedule and Maize Harvest Regime

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Heba S. A. Salama ◽  
Mahmoud H. Abdel-Moneim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

The incorporation of both food and forage crops in an intercropping system is receiving increasing attention, especially in developing countries with increasing populations and limited resources. In a two-year (2019–2020) field trial, conducted in Northern Egypt, productivity of soybean and fodder maize, as well as the quality of maize herbage, were investigated under three sowing schedules; soybean and maize sown together, and maize sown 15 and 30 days after soybean, in addition to soybean and fodder maize sown in pure stands, with maize harvested at green fodder maturity (GFM), and silage maturity (SM). Harvesting fodder maize at SM resulted in higher herbage yield than harvesting it at GFM, yet it negatively affected the soybean productivity. However, this negative impact was offset when fodder maize sowing was delayed 30 days after soybean sowing. Maize harvested at GFM was characterized by a higher leaf component, which was reflected in its higher crude protein content, yet the decline in quality with advanced maturity was to a great extent, counterbalanced by the presence of high-quality ears in maize harvested at SM. This was clear in its lower fiber and higher non-fiber carbohydrate contents. Land equivalent ratio (LER) demonstrated yield advantage with the delayed sowing of fodder maize (LER > 1), while the dry matter equivalent ratio (DMER) associated the yield advantage with the late harvesting of fodder maize at SM (DMER > 1), across all sowing schedules, which was more realistic for an additive intercropping model where the dry matter is the economic component. In a soybean-fodder maize intercropping system, whether fodder maize will be cultivated for green feeding or for silage production, it is recommended that sowing is delayed until 30 days after the soybean, in order to maximize yield advantage and land use efficiency.

scholarly journals Weeds Spectrum, Productivity and Land-Use Efficiency in Maize-Gram Intercropping Systems under Semi-Arid Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Rana Nadeem Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Awais Arshad ◽  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

To ensure food security on sustainable basis, reducing weeds interference and boosting land use efficiency are critical. A field study was conducted at research farm of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, to sort out the most productive maize-gram intercropping system under semi-arid environment. Treatments included sole maize in single row (60 cm apart) (T1) and double rows (90 cm apart) (T2) strips, sole black (T3) and green gram (T4) crops, six single rows (60 cm apart) of maize with twelve double rows (20 cm) of black (T5) and green gram (T6), three double rows (90 cm apart) of maize with three sets of quadratic rows (20 cm apart) of black (T7) and green gram (T8). The experiment was executed in regular arrangement of randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that T1 produced the highest grain yield (6.97 t ha−1) of maize and significantly lower weeds infestation compared to wider row spacing (T2). Among intercropping systems, T8 significantly decreased weeds density (16.33 plants m−2) and their fresh (20.93 g m−2) and dry weights (5.63 g m−2), while the maximum land use efficiency as indicated by unmatched land equivalent ratio and intercropping advantage were recorded by T7 and T8. Interestingly, green gram in intercropping recorded over 58% higher productivity than black gram. We conclude that maize-green gram intercropping hold potential to impart sustainability to maize production by reducing weeds infestation (431% lower than sole maize) and could be a viable option for smallholder farmers in semi-arid environment.

scholarly journals The Study on Effects of Concurrent Business on Cultivated Land Use Efficiency -Based on Empirical Analysis of Gansu and Qinghai Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Qiang Li ◽  
Lu Jia Yang ◽  
Tao Zhu ◽  
Jie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Use Behavior

<p>This paper uses the farmer household’s model to structure the analytical framework of concurrent business cultivated land use behavior and its efficiency and then uses group comparison analysis and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to analyze the diversity of cultivated land use behavior and efficiency, among different types of concurrent business farmer which is based on the promise of separation not established and investigation data of farmer household. The results demonstrate that the concurrent business types have a significant influence on utilization patterns and farmer household’s behavioral options, different types of farmers’ investment, management and land scale have a big difference. Generally speaking, capital and labor input of concurrent business farmer household are high than that of specialized farmer, concurrent business farmer household Class ? are higher than that of Class ?; and different utilization patterns lead to the difference of cultivated land use efficiency. Moreover, technical efficiency of specialized farmer household is higher than that of concurrent business farmer household Class ? based on the separation was not established, and both of them are higher than that of concurrent business farmer household Class ?. That illustrates land use efficiency of farmer household will reduce as the level of concurrent business increase.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of interspecific competition on crop yield and nitrogen utilisation in maize-soybean intercropping system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Feng ◽  
Wen-Ting Yang ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Hai-Ying Tang ◽  
Qiao-Ying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency ◽  
Group Yield

Intercropping system plays a crucial role in improving crop yield, nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUE) and economic benefit. The difference in crop yield and interspecific relationship under different bandwidth and row ratio allocation patterns are still unclear. A field experiment was carried out to explore change regularities between crop yield and interspecific relationships under maize soybean intercropping with different bandwidths and row ratios. The results showed that the yield of intercropped crops was lower than that of the sole crop. The nitrogen accumulation (NA), NUE and nitrogen competition ratio was the highest under the intercropping mode with a bandwidth of 2.0 m, which indicated that this mode was more conducive to the N uptake and utilisation in crops. In all intercropping systems, nitrogen equivalent ratio (NER) and land equivalent ratio (LER) were all greater than one, indicating that intercropping systems were conducive to improving land utilisation efficiency and NUE. Under the same bandwidth pattern, expanding the maize soybean row ratio from 2 : 4 to 3 : 4 was beneficial to the improvement of LER, NER, NUE, crop group yield. In conclusion, it was preferable in the NA, NUE, crop group yield under the system of bandwidth 2.0 m and row ratio 2 : 2, which could be a reference for maize soybean intercropping system.

scholarly journals Preliminary Studies of Intercropping Combinations Based on Pigeonpea or Sorghum

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Rao ◽  
R. W. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Black Soil ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYVarious intercrops were examined in an alternate row pattern with pigeonpea or sorghum on both Alfisol (red soil) and Vertisol (black soil). The slow-establishing and later-maturing pigeonpea combined well with earlier cereals and legumes to give very large yield advantages as measured by the Land Equivalent Ratio. In the pigeonpea/cereal combinations, the earlier the cereal the bigger the yield advantage tended to be, attributed to improved use of resources over time as the difference in maturity periods of the component crops increased. Sorghum was generally more competitive than pigeonpea and intercropping advantages tended to be less. But even where there was little difference in maturity periods of the component crops, both sorghum/legume and sorghum/cereal combinations gave substantial and statistically significant advantages, suggesting that improved ‘spatial’ use of resources was also important.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document