Upland rice intercropped with green manures and its impact on the succession with common bean

Abstract The aim of this work was to verify the possibility of intercropping rice with green manures, as well as the impact of the dry biomass yield of these intercropping systems on common bean in succession, evaluating the agronomic and qualitative performance of grains from both crops. The experiment was conducted in Southeastern Brazil in the years 2018 and 2019, with succession of rice (spring/summer) and common bean (autumn/winter). The treatments were composed of cropping systems with rice as a sole crop and intercropped with forage peanut, calopo, Crotalaria breviflora, Crotalaria spectabilis, stylo, jack bean and dwarf pigeon pea. No intercropping increased the system's yield compared to sole-crop rice, but intercropping of rice with forage peanut and stylo promoted grain yield and quality similar to those of sole-crop rice. Intercropping with C. breviflora affected the agronomic and qualitative performance of rice. Common bean yield after rice intercropped with dwarf pigeon pea, C. spectabilis and C. breviflora was similar in yield after sole-crop rice, while the other intercrops reduced common bean yield. Common bean grain quality was not affected by the cultivation of rice as sole crop and intercropped with green manures. Although none of the intercropping systems increased yield compared to sole-crop rice (control), it can be concluded that the intercropping of upland rice is viable depending on the green manure species, allowing greater biomass production per area that can help long-term soil conservation and increase the system's yield.

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Economic analysis of rice and common bean production in succession to green manure crops and mecahnical soil decompression in Brazilian Savannah

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663030006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 315-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vagner do Nascimento ◽

Orivaldo Arf ◽

Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano ◽

Nayara Fernanda Siviero Garcia ◽

Mariele de Souza Penteado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Green Manure ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Green Manures ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Soil Scarification ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT The previous cultivation of green manures and mechanical soil decompression are options to minimize compaction of the topsoil in no-tilage system (NTS) set in different production systems in the Brazilian Savannah. In addition, it is essential to relate these agricultural practices with the economic benefits generated through the production cycles. The objective of this study was to evaluate economically the effect of sporadic mechanical decompression of the soil and previous cultivation of green manure in the production and net gain margin of upland rice and "winter" common bean, under sprinkler irrigation, in NTS in lowland Brazilian savannah. This study was developed in the 2012/13 harvest and 2013 winter in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in an clay texture Oxisol in the savanah in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in a randomized block design arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replications. The treatments were a combination of five green manures (fallow (control), Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum and Urochloa ruziziensis) with and without mechanical soil scarification. The yields of upland rice and common bean grains were not influenced by the previous green manure cultivation; the upland rice grown in succession to Cajanus cajan in the presence of mechanical soil scarification provided greater increase in grain yield and higher gross margin profit. Beans cultivated in succession to Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum glaucum in the presence of mechanical soil scarification, followed by rice cultivation, provided greater increases in grain yield and gross profit margins.

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Effect of plant density and fertility levels of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) + pigeon pea (Cajanas cajan) intercropping system under red and laterite zone of West Bengal, India

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v38i5.5943 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

Author(s):

S. K. Gunri ◽

R. Nath ◽

A. M. Puste

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

West Bengal ◽

Plant Density ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Equivalent Yield

A field experiment was conducted during <italic>kharif</italic> season of 2005 and 2006 to find out the plant density and fertility levels of <italic>kharif</italic> groundnut (<italic>Arachis hypogaea</italic>) – pigeon pea (<italic>Cajanus cajan</italic>) intercropping system. Growing of groundnut as sole crop recorded higher pod yield (1490 kg ha−1) over groundnut in intercropping system. The highest pod yield (889 kg ha−1) of groundnut among the intercropping system was obtained with the treatment received 100 % of both RDF and plant density of groundnut and pigeon pea respectively. Which was closely followed by T9 (850 kg ha−1), T2 (846 kg ha−1), T11 (828 kg ha−1) and (825 kg ha−1) and they were statistically at par among each other. Growing of pigeon pea as sole crop recorded higher T10 grain yield (1584 kg ha−1) over pigeon pea in intercropping system. Among the intercropping system the maximum pigeon pea grain yield was found in T1 (1013kg ha−1) which was at par with T10 (978 kg ha−1), T11 (950 kg ha −1), T2 (946 kg ha−1), T9 (939 kg ha−1), and T5 (903 kg ha−1). Among the cropping systems, intercropping of groundnut with pigeon pea resulted in maximum groundnut equivalent yield (2155 kg ha−1) in T1. Among the intercropping systems, groundnut with pigeon pea in 4:2 row proportions with 100% both plant density and RDF in all the crops was most remunerative in respect of net return (Rs.28400) and economic return: cost ratio (2.85).

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Performance of lettuce in sole cropping and intercropping with green manures

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362010000100011 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Clarissa A Negrini ◽

Paulo César T de Melo ◽

Edmilson José Ambrosano ◽

Rogério Haruo Sakai ◽

Eliana Aparecida Schammass ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Green Manure ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Dry Weight ◽

White Lupin ◽

Green Manures ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Number Of Leaves

The performance of lettuce in sole and intercropped with green manures was assessed under different establishment times. The lettuce fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, diameter and length of head, and fresh and dry weight of green manure were evaluated. The intercropping design was additive and both cash and cover crops were planted in rows. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks in split plot scheme, with six replicates. The plots represented the green manure sowing days (0, 20, 40 and 60 before transplanting of lettuce), and the sub-plots were assigned by cropping systems (lettuce in sole crop and intercropped with black oat, cowpea or white lupin). Simultaneous planting in the intercropping did not affect the lettuce performance. However, when the green manures were sown before lettuce, they influenced it in a negative way. Among the green manures, cowpea increased biomass and had a higher negative effect on lettuce performance compared to white lupin, which appeared to produce less competition. The sole crop and the intercropping with simultaneous planting of the green manures resulted in a better lettuce performance.

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Genetic variances, heritabilities and genetic correlations of grain yield, harvest index and yield components for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in sole crop and in maize/bean intercrop

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p96-168 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 533-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. Atuahene-Amankwa ◽

T. E. Michaels

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Cropping System ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Genetic Variances ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Sole Cropping

Breeding of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.) is usually done in bean sole crop nurseries. However, bean cultivar evaluations have identified significant cultivar × cropping system interactions. The objective of this study was to determine whether intercrop and sole cropping systems have different effects on phenotypic and genetic variance components of bean populations. Unselected F2 and F3 populations of 16 crosses of common bean were evaluated in the two cropping systems at Elora and Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, in 1993 and 1994. Significant population × cropping system interaction was found for grain yield and pods per plant. Genetic correlations between cropping systems were lowest for grain yield and pods per plant and highest for seed weight and seeds per pod. There were few differences between cropping systems for genetic variances. Genotype × location variance was higher in intercrop than in sole crop. Broad-sense heritabilities and narrow-sense heritabilities for most traits were comparable between cropping systems. The exception was pods per plant, which showed greater heritability in sole crop. Realized heritability of grain yield was greater in intercrop. We conclude that single plant selection as done with the pedigree system of breeding should be effective in intercrop. Key words: Genetic variances, heritability, intercrop, Phaseolus vulgaris

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Crop systems and topdressing nitrogen on grain yield and technological attributes of common bean under no-tillage

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632019v4954003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fábio Luíz Checchio Mingotte ◽

Leandro Borges Lemos ◽

Celso Antônio Jardim ◽

Domingos Fornasieri Filho

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

No Tillage ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

N Rates ◽

Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT Common bean has been the main crop in succession to corn and Brachiaria in no-tillage systems, in the Brazilian Savannah. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of crop systems and topdressing nitrogen on grain yield and technological attributes of common bean under no-tillage. A randomized block design, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replications, was used. The plots consisted of three crop systems (corn in sole crop, corn + Urochloa ruziziensis intercropped and U. ruziziensis in sole crop) and the subplots by five nitrogen rates (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1 and 160 kg ha-1). There is interaction between predecessor cropping systems and N rates for grain yield, milling efficiency specifically on sieve 13, as well as for the grain hydration ratio. Increasing topdressing N rates applied on common bean in succession to corn in sole crop promote increases in grain yield, resulting in a milling efficiency in the oblong-hole sieve 14 higher than in the other crop systems evaluated. The increase of the topdressing N rates applied on common bean in succession to corn and U. ruziziensis in sole crops or intercropped does not influence the time for maximum hydration of the grains, but reduces their cooking time, mainly in succession to U. ruziziensis and corn in sole crops.

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BIOLOGICAL N2 FIXATION AND MINERAL N IN COMMON BEAN–MAIZE INTERCROPPING OR SOLE CROPPING IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479707005029 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 319-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E. J. B. N. CARDOSO ◽

M. A. NOGUEIRA ◽

S. M. G. FERRAZ

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Mineral N ◽

Biological N2 Fixation ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Equivalent Yield

The aim of this work was to assess the effects of N levels and intercropping of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties (Carioca and Rio Tibagi) with maize (Zea mays) on accumulated N, grain yield and biomass of both crops, and nodulation of common bean inoculated or not with Rhizobium. Two field experiments were conducted simultaneously: common bean–maize intercropping and common bean in sole cropping. Intercropping increased common bean nodulation and biomass, mainly with Rhizobium, but mineral N was deleterious to nodulation. Inoculation also increased the Carioca cultivar yield most in sole cropping (+72%), but N levels did not affect common bean yield in either cultivar. Although intercropping reduced maize grain yield by 17%, the equivalent yield increased by 31%, whilst Rhizobium increased it by 11%. Despite the reduction of maize yield in intercropping, this system was shown to be more economically viable, in particular when common bean was inoculated with Rhizobium.

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Assessment of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed quality produced under different cropping systems by smallholder farmers in eastern Ethiopia

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.61.13170 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (61) ◽

pp. 8566-8584

Author(s):

K Oshone ◽

◽

S Gebeyehu ◽

K Tesfaye ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

National Standard ◽

Bean Seed ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Wide Range

One of the major causes of low yield of common bean in Ethiopia is the shortage and/or inaccessibility of high quality seed. In the Hararghe highlands of eastern Ethiopia, farmers often use common bean seeds produced both under sole crop and intercrop systems. This study was carried out to investigate the physical, physiological and health qualities of common bean seed produced under sole crop and intercrop systems by smallholder farmers of three districts of West Hararghe zone, Eastern Ethiopia. Samples from seed retained for 2011 main cropping season planting were collected from 100 households and tested using standard laboratory procedures. Results indicated that seeds obtained from sole crop were different from those obtained from intercrop system in physical purity and percentage of pathogen infected seeds whereas the physiological quality related characteristics were similar between the two cropping systems. With a mean pure seed proportion of above 98%, all seed samples obtained from sole and intercrop cropping systems met the national seed standard for common bean seed (95%). About 20 and 50% seed samples obtained from intercrop and sole crop, respectively, had seed moisture content below the minimum national standard for common bean seed (12%). Standard germination of seeds of both cropping systems exhibited a wide range of variation with a mean of 75 and 84% for sole crop and intercrop originated seeds, respectively. Common bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli ) and Aspergillus flavus were the most common bacterial and fungal diseases associated with the seed samples. Higher percentage of CBB infection was found for sole seeds relative to those obtained from intercrops. It is concluded that in areas where agricultural land is limited, farmers can produce and use common bean seed of acceptable quality produced under sole and intercropping systems provided that appropriate production and post-harvest management practices are followed.

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Modeling the Impact of Atmospheric Warming on Staple Crop Growth in China in the 1960s and 2000s

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12010036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Qing Zhang ◽

Wen Zhang ◽

Yongqiang Yu ◽

Tingting Li ◽

Lijun Yu

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Climate Warming ◽

Northeast China ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Crop Growth ◽

East China ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Before And After ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Impact

Responses of crop growth to climate warming are fundamental to future food security. The response of crops to climate change may be subtly different at their growing stages. Close insights into the differentiated stage-dependent responses of crops are significantly important in making adaptive adjustments of crops’ phenological optimization and cultivar improvement in diverse cropping systems. Using the Agro-C model, we studied the influence of past climate warming on crops in typical cropping systems in China. The results showed that while the temperature had increased distinctly from the 1960s to 2000s, the temperature frequency distributions in the growth season of crops moved to the high-temperature direction. The low temperature days during the crop growth periods that suppress crop growth decreased in the winter wheat area in North and East China, rice and maize areas in Northeast China, and the optimum temperature days increased significantly. As a result, the above ground biomass (AGB) of rice and maize in Northeast China and winter wheat in North and East China increased distinctly, while that of rice in South China had no significant change. A comparison of the key growth periods before and after heading (silking) showed that the warming before heading (silking) made a great contribution to the increase in the AGB, especially for winter wheat.

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The impact of molecular markers in common bean through a scientometric approach

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-021-02879-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 217 (7) ◽

Author(s):

João Matheus Kafer ◽

Débora Regiane Gobatto ◽

Leomar Guilherme Woyann ◽

Eliane Carneiro ◽

Gabriela Rodrigues da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Common Bean ◽

The Impact

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Earthworm Inoculation Improves Upland Rice Crop Yield and Other Agrosystem Services in Madagascar

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11010060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Onja Ratsiatosika ◽

Malalatiana Razafindrakoto ◽

Tantely Razafimbelo ◽

Michel Rabenarivo ◽

Thierry Becquer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Ecological Transition ◽

Earthworm Activity ◽

Endogeic Earthworms ◽

Plant Properties

The effects of earthworm inoculation and cropping systems on upland rice systems were examined over a four-year period in the Highlands of Madagascar. Each year, endogeic earthworms Pontoscolex corethrurus (Rhinodrilidae) were inoculated (EW+) at a density of 75 ind m−2 or were not inoculated (EW0). Inoculation was tested in three cropping systems: conservation agriculture (CA) and traditional tillage with or without residues restitution. Soil and plant properties were measured during the first three years while soil biological properties were assessed at the fourth year. At the end of the experiment, earthworm density was three-fold higher in EW+ than in EW0, demonstrating the success of the inoculation. Earthworm density was more important in CA than in tillage systems. Earthworm inoculation had higher significant effects on soil and plant properties than cropping systems. Earthworm inoculation had positive effects on soil macroaggregation (+43%), aboveground biomass (+27%), rice grain yield (+45%), and N grain amount (+43%). Intensifying earthworm activity in field conditions to meet the challenge of ecological transition is supported by our study.

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