SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS DOES NOT MODERATE THE FAMILIALITY OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES IN THE HAWAII FAMILY STUDY OF COGNITION

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRAIG T. NAGOSHI ◽  
RONALD C. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Familial Transmission ◽  
Japanese Ancestry ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

Data from 949 families of Caucasian and 400 families of Japanese ancestry who took part in the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition were used to ascertain the associations of parental cognitive ability, parental education and paternal occupation with offspring cognitive ability. In particular, analyses were focused on testing the possible moderating effects of parental socioeconomic status on the familial transmission of cognitive abilities. Parental cognitive ability was substantially associated and parental education and paternal occupation only trivially associated with offspring performance. In contrast to the findings of Turkheimer et al. (2003), there was no evidence in these data that familiality for cognitive abilities was lower in the lower as opposed to upper levels of socioeconomic status. These results were consistent across measures, ethnicity and sex of offspring.

Family background, cognitive abilities, and personality as predictors of education and occupational attainment across two generations

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig T. Nagoshi ◽  
Ronald C. Johnson ◽  
Kelly Ann M. Honbo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Japanese Ancestry ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Male Subjects

SummaryThis study reports on the relative influences of parental attainment and cognitive ability and subjects’ own cognitive ability, personality, and social attitudes on the educational and occupational attainments and incomes of 183 Generation 3 subjects of Caucasian ancestry and 186 of Japanese ancestry originally tested in 1972–76 in the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition (HFSC) and re-tested in 1987–88. In contrast to earlier reports of sex differences in the influence of Generation 2 attainment and on Generation 3 attainment when these offspring were younger, family background had a trivial influence and own cognitive ability had a substantial influence on educational attainment for both racial/ethnic groups and both sexes. For income, however, own cognitive ability was only a significant predictor for male subjects. Within-family correlational analyses also supported this sex difference in influences on attainment.

scholarly journals Association between parental socioeconomic status and offspring overweight/obesity from the China Family Panel Studies: a longitudinal survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e045433
Author(s):  
Suqin Ding ◽  
Jingqi Chen ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

ObjectiveTo examine the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of offspring overweight/obesity and the changes of the association that occur as children grow older.DesignWe used data from the nationally representative longitudinal survey of the China Family Panel Studies of 2010 and its three follow-up waves in 2012, 2014 and 2016.ParticipantsA total of 6724 children aged 0–15 years old were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAverage household income and paternal and maternal education levels were used as SES indicators. Logistic regression model for panel data was used to examine the associations between SES indicators and child overweight/obesity. A restricted cubic spline linear regression model was used to estimate body mass index (BMI) trajectories with child growth across parental SES levels.ResultsCompared with the lowest education level (primary school or less), the ORs for fathers who had completed junior high school, senior high school and junior college or higher were 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97), 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.93), respectively. The corresponding ORs for mothers were 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86), 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.72) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.60), respectively. A negative association between parental education and offspring overweight/obesity was observed in the first 10 years but not in children 11–15 years old. BMI differences across parental education levels emerged from birth and widened before 6–7 years old, but decreased before adolescence. High average household income was related to a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity but not when parental education level was adjusted for.ConclusionHigh parental education levels were associated with a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity, especially before adolescence. Effective approaches need to be adopted in early childhood to reduce socioeconomic differences in overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise: Socioeconomic Status, Poor Health in Childhood, and Human Capital Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Currie
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status ◽  
And Child Health

There are many possible pathways between parental education, income, and health, and between child health and education, but only some of them have been explored in the literature. This essay focuses on links between parental socioeconomic status (as measured by education, income, occupation, or in some cases area of residence) and child health, and between child health and adult education or income. Specifically, I ask two questions: What is the evidence regarding whether parental socioeconomic status affects child health? And, what is the evidence relating child health to future educational and labor market outcomes? I show that there is now strong evidence of both links, suggesting that health could play a role in the intergenerational transmission of economic status.

scholarly journals Secular rise in economically valuable personality traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (25) ◽  
pp. 6527-6532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Jokela ◽  
Tuomas Pekkarinen ◽  
Matti Sarvimäki ◽  
Marko Terviö ◽  
Roope Uusitalo
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Flynn Effect ◽  
The Family

Although trends in many physical characteristics and cognitive capabilities of modern humans are well-documented, less is known about how personality traits have evolved over time. We analyze data from a standardized personality test administered to 79% of Finnish men born between 1962 and 1976 (n = 419,523) and find steady increases in personality traits that predict higher income in later life. The magnitudes of these trends are similar to the simultaneous increase in cognitive abilities, at 0.2–0.6 SD during the 15-y window. When anchored to earnings, the change in personality traits amounts to a 12% increase. Both personality and cognitive ability have consistent associations with family background, but the trends are similar across groups defined by parental income, parental education, number of siblings, and rural/urban status. Nevertheless, much of the trends in test scores can be attributed to changes in the family background composition, namely 33% for personality and 64% for cognitive ability. These composition effects are mostly due to improvements in parents’ education. We conclude that there is a “Flynn effect” for personality that mirrors the original Flynn effect for cognitive ability in magnitude and practical significance but is less driven by compositional changes in family background.

The Relations Between Parental Socioeconomic Status, Personality, and Life Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Ayoub ◽  
Samuel D. Gosling ◽  
Jeff Potter ◽  
Michael Shanahan ◽  
Brent W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Large N ◽  
Resource Substitution ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

Studies have shown that cognitive ability is correlated with parental socioeconomic status (pSES). However, little is known about the correlation between personality and pSES. To better understand this relation, we conducted a meta-analysis of the correlations between pSES and personality traits and temperament dimensions. The correlations were generally very small with the exception of the correlation between pSES and openness to experience. Our results were replicated in a large ( N = 2,183,377) data set of self-reported personality scores collected online. Using this data set, we also examined the interaction between pSES and personality on attained education and socioeconomic status. We found evidence for the resource substitution hypothesis, which proposes that personality compensates for background disadvantage.

Early Adolescent Sex Differences in Science Learning: Evidence from the National Assessment of Educational Progress

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneva D. Haertel ◽  
Herbert J. Walberg ◽  
Linda Junker ◽  
Ernest T. Pascarella
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Science Assessment ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Science Motivation ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

Data from the 1976 NAEP Science Assessment were used to explore sex differences in science learning and its determinants with controls for ethnicity and parental socioeconomic status. The sample was composed of 2,349 13-year-olds. Scales measuring science learning and five related factors were related to sex, race, and SES in three-way analyses of variance and covariance. While no sex difference in science learning was found, a sex-specific trend in science motivation was detected. For males, increased motivation was found with higher levels of SES (parental education). A number of other differences among ethnic and SES groups are significant.

Piagetian Tasks and Psychometric Intelligence: Different or Similar Constructs?

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412096587
Author(s):  
Heiner Rindermann ◽  
A. Laura Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Psychometric Tests ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Psychometric Paradigm ◽  
Education Indicators

Research on cognitive ability is done in different paradigms. In the Piagetian paradigm, cognitive ability focuses on cognitive development along qualitative stages. Interactive real scenarios, “Piagetian tasks”, are constructed for measurement. According to age, tasks differing in complexity are applied in individual measurements. In the psychometric paradigm, the investigation of cognitive ability focuses on individual differences. Intelligence is seen as a quantitative construct with gradual differences between persons and ages. Paper-and-pencil tests with items differing in difficulty are used for IQ measurement of single persons or school classes. However, do those tasks measure two distinct cognitive abilities? Solving tasks in both approaches requires basic (speed, working memory) and complex cognitive abilities (reasoning, understanding). Regarding empirical relationships, we used three Austrian samples (in kindergarten four to six years old N = 40, in primary school six to eight years old N = 40, and nine to ten years old N = 41). They were tested with psychometric tests (Raven CPM or SPM) and Piagetian tasks. In addition, mental speed (ZVT) was measured in the two school samples. The average observed correlation between IQ and Piagetian tasks was r = .51. In factor analyses, the tests loaded on a common factor of general intelligence. Further analyses revealed that mental speed is correlated more strongly with psychometric ( r = .50) than with Piagetian tasks ( r = .39), while Piagetian tasks are more related to parental education indicators (speed: r = .11, Raven: r = .20, Piaget: r = .25).

Cognitive Development of Children with Birthweights Under 1500 Grams: Intelligence Test Scores and Socioeconomic Status

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne J. Dezoete ◽  
Barton A. Macarthur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

ABSTRACTThis study of 123 children who weighed under 1500 grams at birth examined cognitive ability and behaviour at 4 years of age, in conjunction with two categories of birthweight and parental socioeconomic status, respectively. Analysis revealed a number of significant differences between the two birthweight groups, with children under 1000 grams performing less well on some WPPSI Scales. These effects of preterm birth, in turn, appeared to be further influenced by socioeconomic status.

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