scholarly journals Controls on glacier surging in Svalbard

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (140) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Hamilton ◽  
Julian A. Dowdeswell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Geometric Factors ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
Glacier Length ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The geographical distribution of surge-type glaciers worldwide displays a remarkably non-random pattern. Surge-type glaciers tend to be concentrated in certain glacierized areas and to be completely absent in others. This observation suggests that special conditions are required for surges to occur. However, the factors controlling the spatial occurrence of surge-type behaviour are not known. To investigate this problem we performed probability statistical analysis on a sample population of 615 glaciers in Svalbard. The probability that a glacier in the sample population is surge-type is 36.4%. Within the sampled area there is a spatial variation in the concentration of surge-type glaciers. Several geometric and environmental factors associated with glaciers in the sample population were measured and tested to determine if they are related to the probability of surging. Of the geometric factors tested (length, slope, elevation, orientation and presence or absence of tributaries), only glacier length is related to surging, with surge probability increasing with increasing length. Elevated probabilities of surging were also found for glaciers associated with sedimentary subglacial rocks and sub-polar thermal regimes. The distributions of related factors were used to predict the spatial distribution of surge-type glaciers. However, in each case the individual factors were unable to reproduce the observed pattern of surge-type glacier distribution.

scholarly journals Controls on glacier surging in Svalbard

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (140) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Hamilton ◽  
Julian A. Dowdeswell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Geometric Factors ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
Glacier Length ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe geographical distribution of surge-type glaciers worldwide displays a remarkably non-random pattern. Surge-type glaciers tend to be concentrated in certain glacierized areas and to be completely absent in others. This observation suggests that special conditions are required for surges to occur. However, the factors controlling the spatial occurrence of surge-type behaviour are not known. To investigate this problem we performed probability statistical analysis on a sample population of 615 glaciers in Svalbard. The probability that a glacier in the sample population is surge-type is 36.4%. Within the sampled area there is a spatial variation in the concentration of surge-type glaciers. Several geometric and environmental factors associated with glaciers in the sample population were measured and tested to determine if they are related to the probability of surging. Of the geometric factors tested (length, slope, elevation, orientation and presence or absence of tributaries), only glacier length is related to surging, with surge probability increasing with increasing length. Elevated probabilities of surging were also found for glaciers associated with sedimentary subglacial rocks and sub-polar thermal regimes. The distributions of related factors were used to predict the spatial distribution of surge-type glaciers. However, in each case the individual factors were unable to reproduce the observed pattern of surge-type glacier distribution.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with mental health issues in adolescents: a integrative review

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Caroline Souza Pinto ◽  
Izaildo Tavares Luna ◽  
Adna de Araújo Sivla ◽  
Patrícia Neyva da Costa Pinheiro ◽  
Violante Augusta Batista Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
School Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mental Health Issues

Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with mental health issues in adolescents. Method: An integrative review was conducted in four databases with publications from 2007 to 2013. The terms Adolescent and Mental Health were used to search adequate articles as DeCs/MeSH bases. Results: Publications were found in different journals in different fields of knowledge and the quantitative research was the most frequent. The mental health issues were categorized as individual factors; drug related factors, school factors, family factors, social factors and STDs/Aids related factors. The most addressed category was individual factors, with 23 publications. Conclusion: The integrative review allowed to point important questions to be addressed in preventive actions by the health professional, including the nurse, to create a space that works with risk conditioning factors in adolescents for mental health aggravation.


In Vino Silentium? Individual, Situational, and Alcohol-Related Factors in Reporting Violence to the Police

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain R. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Reporting Behavior ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Police Records ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
The Individual

This study identifies the individual, situational, and alcohol-related factors associated with reporting violent victimization to the police. Factors positively associated with reporting included older age and incident severity (the assailant’s use of a weapon, incurring injury that required attendance at an emergency department). Factors negatively associated with reporting included higher educational qualifications, assault in the nighttime economy (NTE), and drinking more than two alcoholic drinks immediately prior to victimization. It is possible that drinkers engage in “moratorium” on reporting violence in the NTE. Recognizing and reducing the acceptability of violence in the NTE may help reduce incidence of alcohol-related violence. Organizations that use police records of violence to inform practice and policy should account for uneven distributions in reporting behavior when analyzing trends in violence.

scholarly journals Control of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Success Case Based on Deltamethrin 4% Collars

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-518
Author(s):  
Vera de Camargo-Neves ◽  
Eliana Calemes ◽  
Lilian Rodas ◽  
Fredy Galvis-Ovallos ◽  
Luis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Case Based

The effect of employing collars impregnated with deltamethrin 4% (DM4) to control canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was evaluated. as were the individual factors associated with this infection. A cohort study that included household dogs was conducted between 2002 and 2006. The presence of pathognomonic signals, peridomiciliary sleep habits and breed were the main factors associated with the infection. The use of DM4 collars contributed to the reduction of CVL with an effectiveness of 66%, and the dogs’ survival rate was greater than 90% at 50 months. In conclusion, the adoption of DM4 collars reduced the number of euthanized canines and in the incidence of CVL, and this reduction was sustained for one year after discontinuing the use of the collar.

scholarly journals Prevalence and individual and work-related factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours among veterinarians in Norway: a cross-sectional, nationwide survey-based study (the NORVET study)

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e055827
Author(s):  
Helene Seljenes Dalum ◽  
Reidar Tyssen ◽  
Erlend Hem
Keyword(s):  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Work Related ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Individual

ObjectivesSeveral studies have shown increased suicide rates among veterinarians. We investigated the self-reported prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours and contributing and independent factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours among veterinarians in Norway.DesignCross-sectional, nationwide survey.Participants2596 veterinarians in Norway (response rate: 75%).Main outcome measurePaykel’s five-item questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 27% (n=682/2567) of veterinarians in Norway felt that life was not worth living during the last year, 5% (n=139/2562) had serious suicidal thoughts, and 0.2% (n=6/2537) had attempted suicide. Female veterinarians reported significantly higher prevalence of suicidal feelings and thoughts than males. For serious suicidal thoughts, women had nearly twice the prevalence as their male colleagues (6.2% (n=108/1754) vs 3.6% (n=28/766), χ2: 6.5, p=0.011). Independent factors associated with serious suicidal thoughts were being single (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.72, p<0.05), negative life events (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.68, p<0.001) and the presence of mental distress (OR 2.75, 95% CI 2.14 to 3.52, p<0.001). The veterinarians related their serious suicidal thoughts to work and personal problems, and a lesser degree to family, social and other problems. Nearly twice as many women (53%, n=57/108) as men (28%, n=7/25) reported work problems as the most important contributing factor to their serious suicidal thoughts (χ2: 4.99, p=0.03). 4% (n=6/139) reported work problems as the only factor of importance.ConclusionsVeterinarians in Norway have relatively high prevalence of suicidal feelings and thoughts, including serious suicidal thoughts. In multivariable analyses, the individual factors were more important than work-related ones, while work problems were the most reported contributing factor to serious suicidal thoughts by the veterinarians themselves. The role of gender and specific work-related factors should be further investigated to better understand the complexity of suicidal behaviour among veterinarians.

Loiasis: the individual factors associated with the presence of microfilaraemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. S. Pion ◽  
M. Demanou ◽  
B. Oudin ◽  
M. Boussinesq
Keyword(s):  
Individual Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Temperament, stress, and atrial fibrillation

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Maryniak ◽  
Andrzej Hasiec ◽  
Bartosz Duda ◽  
Michał Orczykowski ◽  
Łukasz Szumowski
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adrenergic Activity ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the causative agent of attack is stress (AF associated with adrenergic activity). In others, AF usually begins during relax or sleep (AF associated with vagal nerve dominance). This study aimed to investigate the individual factors associated with the adrenergic or vagal type of AF. This study included 138 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Sixty-eight patients reported that AF was frequently triggered by stress (sympathetic-type AF) and 70 patients reported that AF usually began during relaxation or sleep (vagal-type AF). Gender, age, ejection fraction, and temperament were compared across the two groups. Temperament was evaluated using the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory. The groups differed only in temperament. Patients with sympathetic-type AF had a higher score for emotional reactivity (p = 0.002) and perseverance (p = 0.002) temperament traits and a lower score for endurance (p = 0.003) than patients with vagal-type AF and than the average in population.

Root Cause Analyses of Suicides of Mental Health Clients

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Gillies ◽  
David Chicop ◽  
Paul O'Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Health Clients ◽  
Imminent Risk

Abstract. Background: The ability to predict imminent risk of suicide is limited, particularly among mental health clients. Root cause analysis (RCA) can be used by health services to identify service-wide approaches to suicide prevention. Aims: To (a) develop a standardized taxonomy for RCAs; (b) to quantitate service-related factors associated with suicides; and (c) to identify service-related suicide prevention strategies. Method: The RCAs of all people who died by suicide within 1 week of contact with the mental health service over 5 years were thematically analyzed using a data collection tool. Results: Data were derived from RCAs of all 64 people who died by suicide between 2008 and 2012. Major themes were categorized as individual, situational, and care-related factors. The most common factor was that clients had recently denied suicidality. Reliance on carers, recent changes in medication, communication problems, and problems in follow-through were also commonly identified. Conclusion: Given the difficulty in predicting suicide in people whose expressions of suicidal ideation change so rapidly, services may consider the use of strategies aimed at improving the individual, stressor, support, and care factors identified in this study.

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