Morphological description and molecular analyses of Tylodelphys sp. (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) newly recorded from the freshwater fish Gobiomorphus cotidianus (common bully) in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Blasco-Costa ◽  
R. Poulin ◽  
B. Presswell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Gobiomorphus Cotidianus

AbstractAmong eyeflukes, Tylodelphys Diesing, 1850 includes diverse species able to infect the eyes, but also the brain, pericardial sac and body cavity of their second intermediate host. While the genus shows a cosmopolitan distribution with 29 nominal species in Africa, Asia, Europe and America, a likely lower research effort has produced two records only for all of Australasia. This study provides the first description of a species of Tylodelphys and the first record for a member of the Diplostomidae in New Zealand. Tylodephys sp. metacercaria from the eyes of Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, 1975 is distinguished from its congeners as being larger in all, or nearly all, metrics than Tylodelphys clavata (von Nordmann, 1832), T. conifera (Mehlis, 1846) and T. scheuringi (Hughes, 1929); whereas T. podicipina Kozicka & Niewiadomska, 1960 is larger in body size, ventral sucker and holdfast sizes and T. ophthalmi (Pandey, 1970) has comparatively a very small pharynx and body spination. Tylodelphys sp. exhibits consistent genetic variation for the 28S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and Cox1 genes, and phylogenetic analyses confirm that it represents an independent lineage, closely related to North American species. Morphological and molecular results together support the distinct species status of Tylodephys sp. metacercaria, the formal description and naming of which await discovery of the adult. Furthermore, the validity of T. strigicola Odening, 1962 is restored, T. cerebralis Chakrabarti, 1968 is proposed as major synonym of T. ophthalmi, and species described solely on the basis of metacercariae are considered incertae sedis, except those for which molecular data already exist.

scholarly journals Linking morphological and molecular sources to disentangle the case of Xylodon australis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-López ◽  
M. Teresa Telleria ◽  
Margarita Dueñas ◽  
Mara Laguna-Castro ◽  
Klaus Schliep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
R Package ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Historical Collections ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractThe use of different sources of evidence has been recommended in order to conduct species delimitation analyses to solve taxonomic issues. In this study, we use a maximum likelihood framework to combine morphological and molecular traits to study the case of Xylodon australis (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) using the locate.yeti function from the phytools R package. Xylodon australis has been considered a single species distributed across Australia, New Zealand and Patagonia. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were conducted to unmask the actual diversity under X. australis as well as the kinship relations respect their relatives. To assess the taxonomic position of each clade, locate.yeti function was used to locate in a molecular phylogeny the X. australis type material for which no molecular data was available using morphological continuous traits. Two different species were distinguished under the X. australis name, one from Australia–New Zealand and other from Patagonia. In addition, a close relationship with Xylodon lenis, a species from the South East of Asia, was confirmed for the Patagonian clade. We discuss the implications of our results for the biogeographical history of this genus and we evaluate the potential of this method to be used with historical collections for which molecular data is not available.

scholarly journals A re-examination of the molecular systematics and phylogeography of taxa of the Peromyscus aztecus species group, with comments on the distribution of P. winkelmanni

Therya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-346
Author(s):  
C. William Kilpatrick ◽  
Nelish Pradhan ◽  
Ryan W Norris
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Cytb Sequence ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec

The objectives of this study are to examine the available molecular data from the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene (Cytb) and a concatenated dataset with this gene and two nuclear introns (Adh-1-I2 and Fgb-I7) to reexamine the systematic and phylogeographic conclusions reached by Sullivan et al. (1997) concerning the Peromyscus aztecus species group. The divergence of samples of P. aztecus oaxacensis across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec are further examined and taxonomic revisions are suggested. In addition, this study reviews the sources of data that lead to the conclusion that P. winkelmanni occurred in the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero including a morphometric examination of a reported voucher. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were conducted on a dataset of 31 Cytb sequences of all taxa in the P. aztecus group except for P. a. cordillerae and a concatenated dataset including five individuals of this group. Representative taxa of the P. boylii, P. mexicanus, and P. truei groups were included in both analyses. Body and cranial measurements of the voucher of the P. winkelmanni from Guerrero from which a Cytb sequence is reported to have been obtained was compared with measurements from specimens taken from the vicinity of Dos Aguas, Michoacán, including the type locality. We identified seven instances involving problematic identifications in GenBank. Once these issues were addressed, well-supported monophyletic sister clades of the P. aztecus and P. boylii species groups were recovered from phylogenetic analyses of Cytb sequences (Fig 1). Phylogenetic analyses of the Cytb and the concatenated datasets recover similar topologies that support the relationships of taxa of the aztecus group proposed by an earlier molecular study. Populations of P. a. oaxacensis southeast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec represent a distinct species. Measurements of the voucher from Guerrero identified as the source of a P. winkelmanni Cytb sequence are smaller than P. winkelmanni for several characters. The divergent populations of P. a. oaxacensis from southeast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec are recognized as two subspecies of P. cordillerae, P. c. cordillerae and P. c. hondurensis, whereas those northwest of the Isthmus are retained as P. a. oaxacensis. The lack of genetic divergence observed between P. a. evides and P. a. oaxacensis questions whether these two taxa should continue to be recognized as separate subspecies. Northern and southern populations of P. spicilegus demonstrate moderate divergence and additional examination of morphological and molecular differentiation within this taxon is warranted. The distribution of P. winkelmanni should be restricted to the vicinity of Dos Aguas, Michoacán, due to the lack of a voucher specimen that would confirm its reported occurrence in Guerrero.

Molecular divergence between two sympatric species of Dondice (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with distinct feeding specializations

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 1887-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gonzalez ◽  
Dieta Hanson ◽  
Ángel Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Gene Data

Analysis of mitochondrial (16S) and nuclear (H3) gene data using phylogenetic and population genetic approaches has revealed some genetic differences between two putative species of western Atlantic Dondice opisthobranchs that feed differentially on hydroids or on up-side-down jellies of the genus Cassiopeia. These results partially support the validity of the species Dondice parguerensis, which was described for the jelly-eating Dondice. However, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the hydroid-feeding species Dondice occidentalis and D. parguerensis are not reciprocally monophyletic and they are identical for the nuclear H3 gene. Although there are morphological and developmental differences between these two nominal species, the molecular data are inconclusive. A possible explanation is that the two putative species are in the process of speciation due to different feeding habits, resulting in the presence of genetic synapomorphies in D. parguerensis, but only in the more variable 16S gene. Because the ranges D. occidentalis and D. parguerensis overlap and there are no obvious barriers to gene flow between the two putative species, this may constitute a possible example of incipient sympatric speciation in benthic marine organisms.

Cryptic species complexes in manipulative echinostomatid trematodes: when two become six

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. F. LEUNG ◽  
D. B. KEENEY ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Species Complexes

SUMMARYRecent studies have shown that some digenean trematodes previously identified as single species due to the lack of distinguishing morphological characteristics actually consist of a number of genetically distinct cryptic species. We obtained mitochondrial 16S and nuclear ITS1 sequences for the redial stages of Acanthoparyphium sp. and Curtuteria australis collected from snails and whelks at various locations around Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. These two echinostomes are well-known host manipulators whose impact extends to the entire intertidal community. Using phylogenetic analyses, we found that Acanthoparyphium sp. is actually composed of at least 4 genetically distinct species, and that a cryptic species of Curtuteria occurs in addition to C. australis. Molecular data obtained for metacercariae dissected from cockle second intermediate hosts matched sequences obtained for Acanthoparyphium sp. A and C. australis rediae, respectively, but no other species. The various cryptic species of both Acanthoparyphium and Curtuteria also showed an extremely localized pattern of distribution: some species were either absent or very rare in Otago Harbour, but reached far higher prevalence in nearby sheltered inlets. This small-scale spatial segregation is unexpected as shorebird definitive hosts can disperse trematode eggs across wide geographical areas, which should result in a homogeneous mixing of the species on small geographical scales. Possible explanations for this spatial segregation of the species include sampling artefacts, local adaptation by first intermediate hosts, environmental conditions, and site fidelity of the definitive hosts.

First report of a gryporhynchid tapeworm (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from New Zealand and from an eleotrid fish, described from metacestodes and in vitro-grown worms

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Presswell ◽  
R. Poulin ◽  
H.S. Randhawa
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
First Record ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Stage Of Development

AbstractMetacestodes are often found in the body cavity of the common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall), from freshwater habitats in Otago, New Zealand. Identification of metacestodes relies only on the number, size and shape of the rostellar hooks. To attempt species determination, we cultivated metacestodes in vitro for up to 23 days, during which they matured to at least the male stage of development, although female organs were not discernable. Identified as members of the genus Paradilepis Hsü, 1935 (family Gryporhynchidae), these specimens are compared to previously described species, in particular P. minima (Goss, 1940), from Australia, the closest species, both geographically and morphologically. Although the size of scolex, suckers and proglottids differ significantly from those of P. minima, we are cautious about interpreting ‘adults’ grown in vitro, because we are unsure whether the artificial conditions alter development. For this reason, and because of the lack of female organs, we refrain from erecting a new species, and refer to the specimens as Paradilepis cf. minima until such time as the adults are found in the definitive host. With this proviso we present here a description of the in vitro-grown worms and the metacestodes as a preliminary study of this cestode. A molecular analysis of small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences, shows the position of P. cf. minima and another gryporhynchid, Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus (Wedl, 1855), to be equivocal, but confirms their exclusion from the Dilepididae and Hymenolepididae. This is the first record of a gryporhynchid from New Zealand, and the first from the fish family Eleotridae.

Additional data on Iranian trichodorids (Triplonchida: Trichodoridae) and first record of a rare species, Trichodorus variabilis Roca, 1998

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Pedram ◽  
Ali Roshan-Bakhsh ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Mohammad Reza Atighi ◽  
Wilfrida Decraemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Of Greece

Trichodorus variabilis, recovered from three separate locations in natural forests of northern Iran, was studied using morphological, morphometric and molecular data. Variation in position of the ventromedian cervical papillae (CP1 and CP2) with respect to the onchiostyle base in the resting position, and spicule characters (having or lacking striation in distal blade region and bristles in proximal blade region) were observed. Variation was also observed in the nature of the pharyngo-intestinal junction (offset to slight overlapping). The secretory-excretory pore of females also showed slight variation in placement. Molecular phylogenetic studies, using partial 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences of three studied populations and one sequenced isolate of the species from Greece, revealed T. variabilis has variation in the sequences of this genomic fragment. The similarity percent of four sequences ranged from 96.7 to 99.7%. The species was found for the first time outside of Greece, the country from which it was originally described. A newly recovered population of T. persicus, originally described from Iran, was also included in the molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe lespedezae (including Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum, syn. nov.) on Bauhinia blakeana and B. purpurea in China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 345 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIAO XU ◽  
UWE BRAUN ◽  
SHANHE ZHANG ◽  
HUI YANG ◽  
ZHI CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
New Host ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

Bauhinia species are popular ornamental and medicinal plants with a pantropical distribution. In December 2016, powdery mildew symptoms were found on B. blakeana and B. purpurea in Guangdong, China. Based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequences, as well as morphological characters, the powdery mildew was identified as Erysiphe lespedezae. Previous records of powdery mildews on Bauhinia spp. are discussed. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of type material, Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum is reduced to synonymy with E. lespedezae. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of E. lespedezae causing powdery mildew on B. purpurea in China, and B. blakeana as a new host. A detailed morphological description and molecular data are provided herein.

scholarly journals Evolution of Australasian Plantago (Plantaginaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mei Lin Tay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Its Phylogeny ◽  
Suitable Habitats

<p>Phylogenetic analyses using molecular data were used to investigate biogeographic and evolutionary patterns of Australasian Plantago. The Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) from nuclear DNA, ndhF-rpl32 from chloroplast DNA and cox1 from mitochondrial DNA were selected from a primer assay of 24 primer pairs for further phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic reconstruction and molecular dating of a dataset concatenated from these regions comprising 20 Australasian Plantago species rejected a hypothesis of Gondwanan vicariance for the Australasian group. The phylogeny revealed three independent dispersal events from Australia to New Zealand that match expected direction because of West Wind Drift and ocean currents. Following this study, a dataset with 150 new ITS sequences from Australasian Plantago, combined with 89 Plantago sequences from previous studies, revealed that the New Zealand species appear to have a recent origin from Australia, not long after the formation of suitable habitats formed by the uplift of the Southern Alps (about 5 mya), followed by radiation. The ITS phylogeny also suggests that a single migration event of alpine species to lowland habitats has occurred and that recurrent polyploidy appears to be an important speciation mechanism in the genus. Species boundaries between New Zealand Plantago were unclear using both morphological and molecular data, which was a result of low genetic divergences and plastic morphology. The taxonomy of several New Zealand Plantago species need revision based on the ITS phylogeny.</p>

scholarly journals Unexpected diversity in the host-generalist oribatid mite Paraleius leontonychus (Oribatida, Scheloribatidae) phoretic on Palearctic bark beetles

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9710
Author(s):  
Sylvia Schäffer ◽  
Stephan Koblmüller
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
First Case

Bark beetles are feared as pests in forestry but they also support a large number of other taxa that exploit the beetles and their galleries. Among arthropods, mites are the largest taxon associated with bark beetles. Many of these mites are phoretic and often involved in complex interactions with the beetles and other organisms. Within the oribatid mite family Scheloribatidae, only two of the three nominal species of Paraleius have been frequently found in galleries of bark beetles and on the beetles themselves. One of the species, P. leontonychus, has a wide distribution range spanning over three ecozones of the world and is believed to be a host generalist, reported from numerous bark beetle and tree species. In the present study, phylogenetic analyses of one mitochondrial and two nuclear genes identified six well supported, fairly divergent clades within P. leontonychus which we consider to represent distinct species based on molecular species delimitation methods and largely congruent clustering in mitochondrial and nuclear gene trees. These species do not tend to be strictly host specific and might occur syntopically. Moreover, mito-nuclear discordance indicates a case of past hybridization/introgression among distinct Paraleius species, the first case of interspecific hybridization reported in mites other than ticks.

Species identity of Macrolophus melanotoma (Costa 1853) and Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur 1839) (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on morphological and molecular data and bionomic implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Sanchez ◽  
Jose Luis Cenis ◽  
Gerasimos Cassis ◽  
Jose Isidro Martinez-Cascales
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

AbstractMacrolophus contains a small group of Palaearctic species with very simple and similar external morphology. The classification of these species has been based on variable characters such as body measurements, the height of the black band-shaped macula behind the eyes and the colour of the first antennal segment. Macrolophus melanotoma (Costa 1853), Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur 1839) and Macrolophus costalis Fieber 1858, are the most reputed predators of the genus. The classification history of M. melanotoma and M. pygmaeus shows a great number of misconceptions that have left the identity of the two species in confusion. Despite the economic importance of these two species, they have not received comprehensive taxonomical treatment until now. In this work, the morphological and sequence variation of a cytochrome b fragment (320 bp) were analysed to determine the identity of M. melanotoma and M. pygmaeus. Macrolophus costalis, Dicyphus cerastii Wagner 1951b, Dicyphus tamaninii Wagner 1951b, Cyrtopeltis geniculata Fieber 1861 and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter 1895) were used as outgroup taxons in the phylogenetic analyses. Several evolutionary models were explored under a maximum likelihood framework. Macrolophus melanotoma and M. pygmaeus were classified as two distinct species based on monophyly, molecular and morphological data. Nodes at the species level were supported by high bootstrap values. M. pygmaeus and M. costalis are sister species, M. melanotoma basal to them. The shape of the black macula behind the eye may be used as a diagnostic character to differentiate M. melanotoma from M. pygmaeus with some degree of confidence.

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