scholarly journals Inter-agency coordination fosters the recovery of the Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica at its western limit

Oryx ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Herrero ◽  
Inazio Garin ◽  
Carlos Prada ◽  
Alicia García-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Rupicapra Pyrenaica ◽  
Sustainable Hunting ◽  
Pyrenean Chamois

AbstractTwo political jurisdictions in northern Spain, Navarre, where the Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is categorized as Vulnerable, and Aragon, where it is huntable, coordinated management for the recovery of this subspecies at the western limit of its range. After an estimate of only a small population in 1992–1993 hunting was banned in Aragon and, in 1995–1996, monitoring of both populations began. In the two massifs where the subspecies lives, which lie across the border of the two jurisdictions, chamois populations increased from 33 to 136 and from 144 to 455 by 2007 (average annual increases were 15 and 11%, respectively). The subspecies was also located on a third massif, in 2002. After the recovery the ban against hunting was lifted in Aragon, in 2006, with a sustainable hunting quota based on 5% of the estimated minimum population size. We conclude that coordinated management between agencies in two jurisdictions has fostered the recovery of the Pyrenean chamois.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Identification of Chlamydiaceae in the Eyes of Wild and Domestic Ruminant Hosts from Northern Spain

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Andrea Dias-Alves ◽  
Oscar Cabezón ◽  
Nicole Borel ◽  
Jorge Ramón López-Olvera ◽  
Gregorio Mentaberre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Ocular Disease ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Rupicapra Pyrenaica ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Chlamydia Pecorum ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Mountain Habitats ◽  
Pyrenean Chamois

Infections by Chlamydiae are associated with ocular disease in humans and animals. In this study, the presence and diversity of Chlamydia spp. was assessed in diseased and healthy eyes of domestic sheep and wild ruminants that share mountain habitats in northern Spain. The presence of Chlamydia spp. was tested by real-time PCR in 1786 conjunctival swabs collected from both eyes of 893 animals from mountain habitats in northern Spain, and chlamydial species were identified in the positive samples by ArrayTube microarray methods. Chlamydial DNA was detected in 0.6% (CI95% 0.2–1.3) of the Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and 1.4% (CI95% <0.01–8.1) of the sheep (Ovis aries) sampled, with Chlamydia pecorum the only chlamydial species identified. No association of C. pecorum with ocular disease or co-infection with Mycoplasma conjunctivae was found. Further studies on the pathogenesis of infectious keratoconjunctivitis are needed to better understand the ecology of C. pecorum and its possible role as a ruminant pathogen at the wildlife–livestock interface.

Evolutionary genetics of small populations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Genetic management of fragmented populations involves the application of evolutionary genetic theory and knowledge to alleviate problems due to inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity in small population fragments. Populations evolve through the effects of mutation, natural selection, chance (genetic drift) and gene flow (migration). Large outbreeding, sexually reproducing populations typically contain substantial genetic diversity, while small populations typically contain reduced levels. Genetic impacts of small population size on inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity and population differentiation are determined by the genetically effective population size, which is usually much smaller than the number of individuals.

Genetic and Nongenetic Bases for the L-Shaped Distribution of Quantitative Trait Loci Effects

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1773-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bost ◽  
Dominique de Vienne ◽  
Frédéric Hospital ◽  
Laurence Moreau ◽  
Christine Dillmann
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Additive Genetic Model ◽  
Metabolic Mechanism ◽  
Qtl Effects

Abstract The L-Shaped distribution of estimated QTL effects (R2) has long been reported. We recently showed that a metabolic mechanism could account for this phenomenon. But other nonexclusive genetic or nongenetic causes may contribute to generate such a distribution. Using analysis and simulations of an additive genetic model, we show that linkage disequilibrium between QTL, low heritability, and small population size may also be involved, regardless of the gene effect distribution. In addition, a comparison of the additive and metabolic genetic models revealed that estimates of the QTL effects for traits proportional to metabolic flux are far less robust than for additive traits. However, in both models the highest R2's repeatedly correspond to the same set of QTL.

scholarly journals Population Density or Populations Size. Which Factor Determines Urban Traffic Congestion?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4280
Author(s):  
Yu Sang Chang ◽  
Sung Jun Jo ◽  
Yoo-Taek Lee ◽  
Yoonji Lee
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Small Population ◽  
High Density ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Contradictory Result ◽  
Low Density

A large number of articles have documented that as population density of cities increases, car use declines and public transit use rises. These articles had a significant impact of promoting high-density compact urban development to mitigate traffic congestion. Another approach followed by other researchers used the urban scaling model to indicate that traffic congestion increases as population size of cities increases, thus generating a possible contradictory result. Therefore, this study examines the role of both density and population size on traffic congestion in 164 global cities by the use of Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology model. We divide 164 cities into the two subgroups of 66 low density cities and 98 high density cities for analysis. The findings from the subgroups analysis indicated a clear-cut difference on the critical role of density in low-density cities and the exclusive role of population size in high-density cities. Furthermore, using threshold regression model, 164 cities are divided into the two regions of large and small population cities to determine population scale advantage of traffic congestion. Our findings highlight the importance of including analysis of subgroups based on density and/or population size in future studies of traffic congestion.

Eumops floridanus (Chiroptera: Molossidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1009) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Jessica M Vannatta ◽  
Jeffery A Gore ◽  
Verity L Mathis ◽  
Brian D Carver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Small Population Size ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Fish And Wildlife Service

Abstract Eumops floridanus (Allen, 1932) is a molossid commonly called the Florida bonneted bat or the Florida mastiff bat. Eumops floridanus is the largest species of bat in Florida and is one of 16 species in the genus Eumops. With one of the smallest distributions of any bat in the United States, it is endemic to southern peninsular Florida where it roosts in cavities of live and dead trees and man-made structures. Eumops floridanus was formerly classified as a subspecies of E. glaucinus but has been elevated to species level based on morphology. Due primarily to its restricted distribution, small population size, and the continued loss of habitat, E. floridanus is federally listed as “Endangered” (EN) by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

scholarly journals Clipperton Atoll as a model to study small marine populations: Endemism and the genomic consequences of small population size

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0198901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Crane ◽  
Juliette Tariel ◽  
Jennifer E. Caselle ◽  
Alan M. Friedlander ◽  
D. Ross Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Small Population Size

Is Its Success Generalizable?

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-93
Author(s):  
Lane Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Social Democratic

Abstract: Social democratic capitalism’s chief practitioners have been the Nordic nations: Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Skeptics discount the Nordics’ success on the presumption that these nations have some unique feature that allows them, and only them, to reap the benefits of social democratic policies without suffering tradeoffs. Versions of this story identify the Nordics’ secret weapon as an immutable work ethic, superior intelligence, trust, solidarity, small population size, racial and ethnic homogeneity, institutional coherence, effective government, corporatism, a willingness to be taxed, tax compliance, strong labor unions, or low income inequality. I examine these hypotheses. None holds up to close inspection.

scholarly journals Choosing Mutation and Crossover Ratios for Genetic Algorithms—A Review with a New Dynamic Approach

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hassanat ◽  
Khalid Almohammadi ◽  
Esra’a Alkafaween ◽  
Eman Abunawas ◽  
Awni Hammouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Mutation Operators ◽  
Tuning Methods ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crossover And Mutation

Genetic algorithm (GA) is an artificial intelligence search method that uses the process of evolution and natural selection theory and is under the umbrella of evolutionary computing algorithm. It is an efficient tool for solving optimization problems. Integration among (GA) parameters is vital for successful (GA) search. Such parameters include mutation and crossover rates in addition to population that are important issues in (GA). However, each operator of GA has a special and different influence. The impact of these factors is influenced by their probabilities; it is difficult to predefine specific ratios for each parameter, particularly, mutation and crossover operators. This paper reviews various methods for choosing mutation and crossover ratios in GAs. Next, we define new deterministic control approaches for crossover and mutation rates, namely Dynamic Decreasing of high mutation ratio/dynamic increasing of low crossover ratio (DHM/ILC), and Dynamic Increasing of Low Mutation/Dynamic Decreasing of High Crossover (ILM/DHC). The dynamic nature of the proposed methods allows the ratios of both crossover and mutation operators to be changed linearly during the search progress, where (DHM/ILC) starts with 100% ratio for mutations, and 0% for crossovers. Both mutation and crossover ratios start to decrease and increase, respectively. By the end of the search process, the ratios will be 0% for mutations and 100% for crossovers. (ILM/DHC) worked the same but the other way around. The proposed approach was compared with two parameters tuning methods (predefined), namely fifty-fifty crossover/mutation ratios, and the most common approach that uses static ratios such as (0.03) mutation rates and (0.9) crossover rates. The experiments were conducted on ten Traveling Salesman Problems (TSP). The experiments showed the effectiveness of the proposed (DHM/ILC) when dealing with small population size, while the proposed (ILM/DHC) was found to be more effective when using large population size. In fact, both proposed dynamic methods outperformed the predefined methods compared in most cases tested.

scholarly journals Microhabitats Affect Population Size and Plant Vigor of Three Critically Endangered Endemic Plants in Southern Sinai Mountains, Egypt

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal M. Fakhry ◽  
Ali El-Keblawy ◽  
Hatem A. Shabana ◽  
Ibrahim El Gamal ◽  
Amir Shalouf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Steep Slopes

Endemic species on mountains often have narrow altitudinal ranges and are more threatened at the higher altitudes, especially with climate changes. However, plants could use special microhabitats at the mountain tops as proper places for surviving the climate change (i.e., refugia). We assessed population attributes of three critically endangered endemic species (Primula boveana Decne ex Duby, Rosa arabica Crep., and Silene leucophylla Boiss.) in two growing seasons (2006/2007 and 2013/2014), differing in the received rainfalls in microhabitats at the high mountains of southern Sinai. Both P. boveana and S. leucophylla had very small population size, but significantly increased in the 2013/2014 growing season which received above average rainfalls. The population of R. arabica is the smallest (around 40 individuals) and did not increase, even after the increase in rainfalls. Whereas P. boveana is present in fewer sites and grew in small number of specific microhabitats, both S. leucophylla and R. arabica were recorded in most studied sites and habitat types. Unlike R. arabica, both P. boveana and S. leucophylla were recorded in caves and steep slopes and on the top of the mountains. This indicates that these sheltered mist microhabitats are the best for future conservation of these species after climate change.

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