scholarly journals Illegal settlement in the Babile Elephant Sanctuary is threatening the resident elephant population

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Emily Neil ◽  
Elizabeth Greengrass
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Elephant Conservation ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
Near Future

Abstract The Babile Elephant Sanctuary in Ethiopia was established in 1970 specifically to protect its elephants Loxodonta africana. They were once part of a larger population that ranged in eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia but that was largely extirpated during the 20th century. Since its establishment, the Sanctuary has experienced severe anthropogenic pressure, inadequate government support, and civil conflict. Mapping was undertaken to analyse the rate of human immigration into the Sanctuary in 2006, 2014 and 2017, as part of an assessment of the Sanctuary's effectiveness in protecting its resident elephant population and in mitigating anthropogenic pressures. From 2006 to 2017 the number of illegal houses in the Sanctuary increased from 18,000 to > 50,000, of which > 32,000 were in the area in which elephants range. This settlement, coupled with high demand for natural resources, has resulted in significant habitat destruction and could also have exacerbated human–elephant conflict. Elephant conservation and monitoring by the Born Free Foundation were challenging because of ethnic conflict; rural and political stability is required if efforts to protect wildlife are to be successful. Unless these issues are resolved and the integrity of the Sanctuary is restored, this elephant population will be extirpated in the near future.

scholarly journals Social structure and demography of a remnant Asian elephant Elephas maximus population and the implications for survival

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Hale ◽  
Kun Shi ◽  
Tania C. Gilbert ◽  
Kelvin S.-H. Peh ◽  
Philip Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Asian Elephant ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Sex Ratio Bias ◽  
Elephant Population

Abstract The Asian elephant Elephas maximus is at risk of extinction as a result of anthropogenic pressures, and remaining populations are often small and fragmented remnants, occupying a fraction of the species' former range. Once widely distributed across China, only a maximum of 245 elephants are estimated to survive across seven small populations. We assessed the Asian elephant population in Nangunhe National Nature Reserve in Lincang Prefecture, China, using camera traps during May–July 2017, to estimate the population size and structure of this genetically important population. Although detection probability was low (0.31), we estimated a total population size of c. 20 individuals, and an effective density of 0.39 elephants per km2. Social structure indicated a strong sex ratio bias towards females, with only one adult male detected within the population. Most of the elephants associated as one herd but three adult females remained separate from the herd throughout the trapping period. These results highlight the fragility of remnant elephant populations such as Nangunhe and we suggest options such as a managed metapopulation approach for their continued survival in China and more widely.

Indopiptadenia Oudhensis (Brandis) Brenan an Endangered Tree Species: Measures for the Coservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Giriraj Panwar ◽  
Kumar Ambrish ◽  
S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Endangered Tree Species ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Over Exploitation

Indopiptadenia oudhensis (Brandis) Brenan is an endangered tree species of family Mimosaceae. Species is mainly distributed at Indo-Nepal border and facing threats such as anthropogenic pressure, habitat destruction, over exploitation, low seed viability and poor seed germination.

A beta bailout: the near future of state intervention

Soundings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (75) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Craig Berry ◽  
Daniel Bailey ◽  
Katy Jones
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
New Public ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Near Future

This article asks what kind of state intervention is needed for a post-Covid recovery. The government bailout will seek to sustain a modified form of neoliberalism, but what is needed is a bailout for society from the wreckage of the neoliberal paradigm. The outlines of a strategy for the UK economy are presented: at its heart is a radical industrial policy that prioritises social infrastructure, a green transition and providing quality employment opportunities, while paying particular attention to the functioning of the foundational economy. An active labour market policy (ALMP) is also needed, which turns away from a focus on conditionality for those on benefits, and instead focuses support on industries less affected by the pandemic and its implications for demand, including through securing a workforce that is ready to populate them. Conditionality should, on the other hand, be imposed on firms receiving government support. Bailout 2.0 must also involve intervention designed to create new public assets, managed via new forms of democratic ownership.

Seasonal variations in the water quality, diversity and population ecology of intertidal macrofauna at an industrially influenced coast

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1505-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vaghela ◽  
P. Bhadja ◽  
J. Ramoliya ◽  
N. Patel ◽  
R. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Littoral Zones ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Present communication reports the physico-chemical and biological quality of seawater and status of benthos of a highly industrialized shore of the north-western coastline of India. The coastal area considered for the present study, encircled by a variety of industries, was divided into two sampling sites and monitored for two consecutive years. Results of the water quality suggest that the obtained values of the physical and chemical parameters of seawater were comparable with data reported earlier. However, data obtained in the biological parameters of the seawater showed a declining trend. Results of the intertidal macrofaunal diversity studies revealed that the muddy upper littoral zones were represented by few species of coelenterata, porifera, arthropoda and mollusca. In the rocky—muddy middle littoral zones, gastropods, stars fishes, corallites, crabs, polychetes and tubeworms were present, whereas, predominantly rocky lower littoral zones were comparatively rich in macrofaunal diversity with small patches of coral colonies. However, when the results obtained in the present study was compared with that of earlier reported data, it was clear that the macrofaunal diversity indeed declined considerably over the years. This may be due to habitat destruction and habitat alteration in the coastline caused by increased anthropogenic activities in the area. Seasonal variations in the population density and abundance were observed in most of the faunal groups except in sessile corals and sponges. This may be due to local migration of the faunal groups towards deeper regions of the Gulf, as supported by the analysis of similarity, to avoid influx of freshwater during monsoon, and high temperature during summer and post monsoon seasons. The overall assessment of different parameters of this study revealed that though the physico- chemical characteristics of the seawater did not varied much from the earlier reported status, the biological characteristics of the seawater and intertidal zone was affected possibly by a high degree of anthropogenic pressure.

scholarly journals Status of the relict population of the Critically Endangered Madagascar spider tortoise Pyxis arachnoides

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. J. Walker ◽  
Tsilavo H. Rafeliarisoa
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Relict Population ◽  
Distance Model ◽  
C 71

AbstractThe Madagascar spider tortoise Pyxis arachnoides is endemic to the coastal dry forests of south-west Madagascar. In recent years its range has been reduced by c. 71%, with the species now confined to eight fragmented populations occupying a total of 2,464 km2. These remaining populations are facing a significant threat of extinction because of habitat destruction and other anthropogenic pressures. We developed methodology for a line transect distance sampling survey and applied it systematically across the species' range. The resulting distance model estimated a mean density of 226.9 tortoises km−2 (95% confidence interval, CI, 168.1–306.3) and a total population of 664,980 (95% CI 492,680–897,550). Fragmentation of the species’ range suggests the current population could be <30% of the historical population. Of the remaining population 73.5% falls within protected areas. However, nine of these 12 protected areas are designated as IUCN category III, V or VI parks, allowing some extractive activities to be undertaken. The most effective strategy for the conservation of P. arachnoides would be to reduce the threats to this species and its habitat, and to develop and expand the current community-based conservation and poverty alleviation programmes in the region.

Local election wins raise Hungarian opposition hopes

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investor Confidence ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Municipal Election

Subject Local and municipal election results. Significance The largely united opposition made a major breakthrough in local elections on October 13, taking Budapest and other cities and towns and eroding Prime Minister Viktor Orban's Fidesz party’s predominant position since 2006. A sex scandal plus changes within the opposition have apparently lost Fidesz the middle class, further emphasising the already stark divide between cities and the countryside. Impacts Orban’s weaker position will dent the confidence of the global right-wing populist movement, of which he is a figurehead. Domestic capital associated with the Orban government is at risk as investors price in a potential loss of government support. The decline in political stability may at least momentarily moderate investor confidence in Hungary.

Resource wealth as rent leverage: Rethinking the oil–stability nexus

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Resource Curse ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Regime Stability ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
Cross National

The study of the “resource curse” has become a major research agenda with multiple outcomes of interest—regime type, regime stability, civil conflict and economic growth to name a few. However, the proliferation of different measurement choices has hamstrung the quest for knowledge accumulation. In this essay I present a new indicator for oil dependence—a concept I term rent leverage. It captures the share of individuals’ buying power that directly depends on fuel income and that nearly everywhere is controlled by political leaders. I use the new measure alongside fuel income per capita, to capture oil abundance, to explore the effects of oil wealth on political stability. Initial analysis of cross-national data from 1960 to 2009 suggests that rent leverage and fuel income strongly stabilize rulers of all types against regime change and that these effects are largely a function of cross-country differences. The stabilizing effects of oil income are significant but substantially smaller than rent leverage. The analysis further supports recent findings by Ross and Wright et al. that oil income and rent leverage both play stabilizing roles in autocracies, but that this effect is largely a cross-country one. Third, neither rent leverage nor oil income have any substantial or significant impact on civil war onset. Finally, contrary to both the weak state and coercion variants of resource curse theory, oil-producing countries appear to use less repression than others, and to have more durable regimes in part because of stronger states.

Local plant species depletion in a tropical dry deciduous forest of northern India

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SAGAR ◽  
J.S. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Disturbance Intensity ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest ◽  
Declining Species

The dry tropical ecosystems are among the world's most threatened, and the dry deciduous forest of northern India is being progressively converted to scrub, savannah and grasslands through industrialization, agriculture, fuelwood collection, lopping of trees for fodder and severe grazing/browsing. This habitat destruction threatens the survival of many species. This study examined the demographic instability of tree species in 3-ha permanent plots: at five sites differing in the degree of disturbance. Based on the proportion of seedlings of a species in its total population (seedling + sapling + adults), about 52% of the total 65 species exhibited local demographic instability, and at one or more sites a single individual represented 10 species. The increase in the proportion of declining species with increase in disturbance intensity indicated that local anthropogenic pressure is responsible for the depletion. Apart from stronger protection measures, it is necessary to encourage fuelwood plantations, develop village pastures and reduce livestock numbers.

scholarly journals Viability and management of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population in the Endau Rompin landscape, Peninsular Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Rasid Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Nawayai Yasak ◽  
Melvin Gumal ◽  
Salman Saaban ◽  
Aris Oziar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Population Viability Analysis ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Elephant Conservation ◽  
Elephant Population

The need for conservation scientists to produce research of greater relevance to practitioners is now increasingly recognized. This study provides an example of scientists working alongside practitioners and policy makers to address a question of immediate relevance to elephant conservation in Malaysia and using the results to inform wildlife management policy and practice including through the National Elephant Conservation Action Plan for Peninsular Malaysia. Since ensuring effective conservation of elephants in the Endau Rompin Landscape (ERL) in Peninsular Malaysia is difficult without data on population parameters we conducted a survey to assess the size of the elephant population, used that information to assess the viability of the population under different management scenarios including translocation of elephants out of the ERL (a technique long used in Malaysia to mitigate human–elephant conflict (HEC)), and then assessed a number of options for managing the elephant population and HEC in the future. Our dung-count based survey in the ERL produced an estimate of 135 (95% CI = [80, 225]) elephants in the 2500 km² area. The population is thus of national significance, containing possibly the second largest elephant population in Peninsular Malaysia, and with effective management elephant numbers could probably double. We used the data from our survey plus other sources to conduct a population viability analysis to assess relative extinction risk under different management scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the population cannot sustain even very low levels of removal for translocation or anything other than occasional poaching. We describe, therefore, an alternative approach, informed by this analysis, that focuses on in situ management and non-translocation-based methods for preventing or mitigating HEC; an increase in law enforcement to protect the elephants and their habitat; maintenance of habitat connectivity between the ERL and other elephant habitat; and a new focus on adaptive management.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE TOURISM BUSINESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1(21)) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Goderdzi Shanidze
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

If Pandemic has had an impact on any business it’s primarily a tourism business. Other businesses have a very close relation with this business and therefore they have been affected as well. As you know, the world travel and tourism market is expected to have lost more than 75.2 million jobs by 2020. According to the UNWTO, small and medium-sized enterprises were most affected. Their share in the tourism sector is 80%. Coronavirus will have a special impact on the countries whose economy accounts for a large share of tourism and whose economic growth is largely due to the tourism sector, and Georgia is also among them. According to the Georgian government, Georgia will develop the tourism sector in the near future, of course, in compliance with the safety standard and taking into account the recommendations. Tourism is the sector that has received the hardest and first blow due to the crisis and which, in addition to being one of the most important driving forces of the country's economy in recent years, the sector has a competitive advantage that can contribute to the economic development of Georgia in the post-crisis pandemic economy. Tourism is one of the largest spheres in the world, and its development is conditioned by the safe environment of the country, economic and political stability. It creates jobs and helps increase incomes for the population. International tourism contributes to the inflow of foreign currency into the country and affects the social and cultural environment of the country. That is why it is important to bring the tourism business out of the crisis.

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