Technological Change and the International System

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen V. Milner ◽  
Sondre Ulvund Solstad
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
International System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Adoption Of New Technology

ABSTRACTDo world politics affect the adoption of new technology? States overwhelmingly rely on technology invented abroad, and their differential intensity of technology use accounts for many of their differences in economic development. Much of the literature on technology adoption focuses on domestic conditions. The authors argue instead that the structure of the international system is critical because it affects the level of competition among states, which in turn affects leaders’ willingness to enact policies that speed technology adoption. Countries adopt new technology as they seek to avoid being vulnerable to attack or coercion by other countries. By systematically examining states’ adoption of technology over the past two hundred years, the authors find that countries adopt new technologies faster when the international system is less concentrated, that changes in systemic concentration have a temporally causal effect on technology adoption, and that government policies to promote technology adoption are related to concerns about rising international competition. A competitive international system is an important incentive for technological change and may underlie global technology waves.

scholarly journals Technology Adoption and Consumer Payments: Evidence from Survey Data

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Hayashi ◽  
Elizabeth Klee
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Transaction Value ◽  
Debit Cards

Consumers pay for hundreds of goods and services each year, but across households and across goods, consumers do not choose to pay the same way. This paper posits that payment choices depend in part on consumers' propensity to adopt new technologies and in part on the nature of the transaction. To test this hypothesis, this paper analyzes consumer's payment instrument use at the point of sale and for bill payment. The sample includes consumers surveyed in 2001, who are primarily users of the Internet. The results indicate that consumers who use new technology or computers are more likely to use electronic forms of payment, such as debit cards and electronic bill payments. Particularly, the use of direct deposit is a significant predictor of electronic payment use. Furthermore, the results indicate that payment choice depends on the characteristics of the transaction, such as the transaction value, the physical characteristics of the point of sale, and a bill's frequency and value variability.

Unlocking the Potential: Understanding the Psychological Factors That Influence Technology Adoption in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry

SPE Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 515-528
Author(s):  
Ruby Roberts ◽  
Rhona Flin
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Future Research

Summary To maximize the opportunities for the adoption of newly developed products, there is a need to better understand how psychological factors have an impact on the acceptance and deployment of innovative technology in industry. While there is extensive general literature on the psychological factors that influence consumer behavior and the use of new technologies, there seemed to be very limited understanding of this topic, specifically relating to the upstream energy sector. A literature review was conducted to (1) identify what, if any, research has been conducted in relation to the psychological factors influencing technology adoption and deployment in the oil and gas (O&G) industry and (2) identify what interventions have been developed to support technology adoption in O&G. A literature search was undertaken, and given the limited research anticipated, minimum selection criteria were applied on the basis of Cochrane quality control (Higgins and Green 2011). In the 17 articles that met the search criteria, there was limited discussion of the psychological factors that have an impact on O&G technology adoption. The articles were subject to Braun and Clarke (2006) thematic analysis, producing a list of psychological factors that influence technology adoption in O&G. Only five psychological factors were identified: personality (e.g., exploration traits and risk aversion), attitude (e.g., trust and not-invented-here syndrome), social (e.g., social norms), cognition (e.g., risk perception), and psychological factors at an organizational level (leadership and organizational culture). In addition, our review identified a small number of interventions that were developed and deployed to support technology adoption in O&G. Given the early stages of this research area, combined with the relevance for technology innovation in upstream O&G, our review adds to the literature by identifying an initial framework of the key psychological factors. This essential set of factors can be used to direct future research, as well as to support effective interventions aimed at supporting the introduction of new technology.

The Structure of the News Market in Britain, 1870–1914

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Post Office ◽  
Adoption Of New Technology

In this essay, I grapple with three main questions: What effect did the nationalization of telegraphy in 1868–70 have on the structure of the news market in Britain? How did this market structure affect the pricing and supply of news? What effects did subsequent technological change have on the structure of the news market? I show that nationalization resulted in a tripartite market arrangement characterized by collusion that benefited the provincial press over the London press, but retarded the productivity of the General Post Office and the adoption of new technology.

Learning New Technologies: The Effect of Ease of Learning

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina M. Loraas ◽  
Michelle Chandler Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Elaboration Likelihood ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
Situational Learning

ABSTRACT Service professionals are often confronted with situations where they have the choice about whether to learn a new technology that could create efficiencies on both current and future engagements. We investigate how the perception of ease of learning affects this decision to voluntarily learn a new technology in the post-adoptive context. Using the elaboration likelihood model as a framework, we predict and find evidence that ease of learning perceptions drive the level of processing undergone by the potential user. When technology is easy to use, potential users rely on their situational learning dispositions. However, when the technology is difficult, suggesting a greater risk of failure, situational goal orientations are less influential, and potential users rely more on dispositional goal orientations. Our findings have implications for future research on technology acceptance and use, as well as ramifications for encouraging technology use “on the job.” Data Availability: Full instrument provided in Appendix A.

scholarly journals Adoption of technology and innovation among rural women for better life-style management

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
B. Jyotsna Devi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Adoption Of Technology

In rural society, though technology use is one aspect of social justice, bringing hope to the hopeless can be facilitated by use of technology to improve their quality of life. Technology could enhance their capabilities and encourage their participation in the process of development. But the promotion of technology can not be accelerated unless a climate of receptivity and an awareness of the importance of technology in modern life are created in the general public. Use of local resources and skills for the design and development of technologies would be helpful towards their speedy acceptance and adoption. The present study was undertaken in Chandragiri and Ramachandrapuram Mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The total sampling technique was adopted in the selection of respondents. A structured interview schedule prepared based on the objectives of the study, was used for collecting primary data. The major findings of the study showed that one third of the respondents were in the age group of 30-39 years. 84 per cent of the respondents were married. 41 per cent of the respondents were illiterates. Majority of the respondents belonged to the nuclear family system. 38 per cent of the respondents belonged to the income group of Rs. 2001-3000 per month. 85 per cent of the respondents were using modern kitchen ware technologies which enable them to cook quickly and comfortably. This enabled them to have more time to focus on their income earning activities. 76 per cent of the respondents reported that modern communication and information Technologies have helped them in the adoption of modern agricultural equipment, commercial crops, seeds and pesticides and market prices etc. majority of the respondents reported that adoption of new technologies has helped them to increase their incomes.

scholarly journals Monopoly and the Incentive to Innovate When Adoption Involves Switchover Disruptions

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Holmes ◽  
David K Levine ◽  
James A Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Competitive Industry

Arrow (1962) argued that since a monopoly restricts output relative to a competitive industry, it would be less willing to pay a fixed cost to adopt a new technology. We develop a new theory of why a monopolistic industry innovates less. Firms often face major problems in integrating new technologies. In some cases, upon adoption of technology, firms must temporarily reduce output. We call such problems switchover disruptions. A cost of adoption, then, is the forgone rents on the sales of lost or delayed production, and these opportunity costs are larger the higher the price on those lost units. (JEL D21, D42, L12, L14, O32, O33)

Innovation and Technological Change: An Austrian-British Comparison

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Alderman ◽  
M M Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Innovative Performance ◽  
New Process ◽  
Growing Body

Despite a growing body of empirical evidence that demonstrates the nature of spatial variations in innovation and the adoption of new technologies, few studies have been conducted in such a way as to enable direct comparisons between different countries, either to establish international differences in innovative performance or to identify differences in regional patterns in different national contexts, particularly between EC and non-EC countries within Europe. In this paper the results of recent surveys of comparable industries in Great Britain and Austria are used to begin to address this issue, with particular attention to some of the inherent difficulties in undertaking such comparisons. By using a mixture of simple cross-tabulations and multivariate logit models, differences between the two countries in the adoption of a number of new process technologies based upon microelectronics in the spheres of manufacturing production, design, and coordination are identified. It is suggested that, not only does Austria lag Great Britain in the introduction of new technology, but that variations between similar types of region are more pronounced and entrenched in Austria at the present time.

Measuring Perceived Benefits and Costs of New Technology Adoption in the Chinese Textile and Apparel Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 0887302X2096988
Author(s):  
Baolu Wang ◽  
Jung E. Ha-Brookshire ◽  
Wesley Bonifay
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Textile And Apparel ◽  
New Technology Adoption ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Textile And Apparel Industry

The textile and apparel industry have been fundamentally changed due to technology development. However, developing countries, such as China, are falling behind for adopting new technologies. The literature suggests firm managers’ perceived benefits and costs of new technology are key variables for their motivation to adopt new technology. However, no reliable and valid scales existed to measure these constructs within the developing country context—specifically in China. Thus, the study aimed to develop scales for measuring Chinese textile and apparel firm managers’ perceived benefits and costs of new technology adoption, using the psychometric method of item response theory. After item generation, item bank development, and psychometric evaluation tested by 599 Chinese textile and apparel firm managers, the two scales were created. These scales provide an opportunity to measure Chinese textile and apparel firm managers’ perceived benefits and costs of new technology adoption, offering tools for additional technology adoption motivation research.

The Adoption of New Technology in West Virginia: Implications for Manufacturing Modernization Policies

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Shapira ◽  
T Rephann
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Adoption Of New Technology ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

In this paper the determinants of the adoption of new technology are explored by using data obtained from a 1993 survey of 299 manufacturing establishments in the state of West Virginia. The authors examine the use of twenty hardware-based and organizational new manufacturing technologies, aggregate use of technology, and plans for future use of technology. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that larger, export-oriented, branch plants that manufacture products in long production runs, and plants that are located in counties with a sizeable manufacturing sector adopt more new technologies than do other types of plants. The results also suggest that there is a role for further government policy in encouraging plant modernization. Although participation in a state technology-assistance program is not yet associated with higher aggregate levels of use of new technology, it is found to be associated with the adoption of specific technologies and receptivity to investment in new technology. The results of the study also confirm the value of training and suggest that a strategy of targeting smaller and medium-sized plants with services focused on multiple clustered locations may be effective in stimulating the use of new technology among these manufacturers.

The Psychological Impact of New Technologies: Anticipation of Stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
pp. 811-815
Author(s):  
Charles M. Slem ◽  
Daniel J. Levi ◽  
Andrew Young
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Role Overload ◽  
Reduction In Force ◽  
Organizational Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Slem, Levi and Young (1986) developed a model of the psychological impact of technological change on the workforce. The purpose of current research was to investigate the relationship between stress and technological change. The “Impact of Technological Change Survey” was administered to workers in five large electronics manufacturing corporations. Almost one-third of the workforce believed that technological change would make the individual's job more stressful. Over 20% were worried about the future of their jobs. Anticipated role conflict, role ambiguity, and quantitative role overload produced the strongest and most consistent relationships with the global measure of stress. Qualitative role overload and beliefs about reduction in force were more closely allied to job insecurity stress. Anticipated stress is reduced somewhat when technological change is seen as providing personal and organizational benefits or when the organization is perceived as effectively dealing with the transition to the new technology.

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