Knowledge by default

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Plausible Account ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Analysis By Synthesis

Abstract The target article presents strong empirical evidence that knowledge is basic. However, it offers an unsatisfactory account of what makes knowledge basic. Some current ideas in cognitive neuroscience – predictive coding and analysis by synthesis – point to a more plausible account that better explains the evidence.

Weak evidence for a strong case against modularity in developmental disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
Ralph-Axel Müller
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Weak Evidence

Thomas & Karmiloff-Smith (T&K-S) provide evidence from computational modeling against modular assumptions of “Residual Normality” (RN) in developmental disorders. Even though I agree with their criticism, I find their choice of empirical evidence disappointing. Cognitive neuroscience cannot as yet provide a complete understanding of most developmental disorders, but what is known is more than enough to debunk the idea of RN.

What we (don't) know about what we know

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Shlomi Sher ◽  
Piotr Winkielman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Target Article

AbstractThe hypothesis of unconscious influences on complex behavior is observationally equivalent to the dissociability of cognition and metacognition (reportability). The target article convincingly argues that evidence for unconscious influence is limited by the quality of the metacognitive measure used. However, it understates the empirical evidence for unconscious influences and overlooks considerations of cognitive architecture that make cognitive/metacognitive dissociations likely.

Where is the evidence for general intelligence in nonhuman animals?

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Huber
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis commentary contrasts evolutionary plausibility with empirical evidence and cognitive continuity with radiation and convergent evolution. So far, neither within-species nor between-species comparisons on the basis of rigorous experimental and species-appropriate tests substantiate the claims made in the target article. Caution is advisable on meta-analytical comparisons that primarily rely on publication frequencies and overgeneralizations (from murids and primates to other nonhuman animals).

scholarly journals Does signal reduction imply predictive coding in models of spoken word recognition?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahil Luthra ◽  
Monica Y. C. Li ◽  
Heejo You ◽  
Christian Brodbeck ◽  
James S. Magnuson
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Neural Signal ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Trace Model ◽  
Interactive Activation

AbstractPervasive behavioral and neural evidence for predictive processing has led to claims that language processing depends upon predictive coding. Formally, predictive coding is a computational mechanism where only deviations from top-down expectations are passed between levels of representation. In many cognitive neuroscience studies, a reduction of signal for expected inputs is taken as being diagnostic of predictive coding. In the present work, we show that despite not explicitly implementing prediction, the TRACE model of speech perception exhibits this putative hallmark of predictive coding, with reductions in total lexical activation, total lexical feedback, and total phoneme activation when the input conforms to expectations. These findings may indicate that interactive activation is functionally equivalent or approximant to predictive coding or that caution is warranted in interpreting neural signal reduction as diagnostic of predictive coding.

Engineering the brain

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Daniel Durstewitz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Biological Networks ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Self Organizing

The target article presents a stimulating account for some of the most challenging issues in cognitive neuroscience. The theory solves in neural terms cognitive problems beyond the scope of previous models. But in many aspects the neural implementation is a quite literal translation of symbolic descriptions and therefore still lacks some of the truly self-organizing properties characteristic of biological networks.

scholarly journals Attention is more than prediction precision

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Bowman ◽  
Marco Filetti ◽  
Brad Wyble ◽  
Christian Olivers
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractA cornerstone of the target article is that, in a predictive coding framework, attention can be modelled by weighting prediction error with a measure of precision. We argue that this is not a complete explanation, especially in the light of ERP (event-related potentials) data showing large evoked responses for frequently presented target stimuli, which thus are predicted.

What psychology and cognitive neuroscience know about the communicative function of memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Event Memory ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Target Article

AbstractMahr & Csibra (M&C) include interesting ideas about the nature of memory from outside of the field of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. However, the target article's inaccurate claims about those fields limit its usefulness. I briefly review the most serious omissions and distortions of the literature by the target article, including its misrepresentation of event memory, and offer suggestions for forwarding the goal of understanding the communicative function of memory.

scholarly journals Sedation Modulates Frontotemporal Predictive Coding Circuits and the Double Surprise Acceleration Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 5204-5217
Author(s):  
Adrien Witon ◽  
Amirali Shirazibehehsti ◽  
Jennifer Cooke ◽  
Alberto Aviles ◽  
Ram Adapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Research Task ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Short Timeframe

Abstract Two important theories in cognitive neuroscience are predictive coding (PC) and the global workspace (GW) theory. A key research task is to understand how these two theories relate to one another, and particularly, how the brain transitions from a predictive early state to the eventual engagement of a brain-scale state (the GW). To address this question, we present a source-localization of EEG responses evoked by the local-global task—an experimental paradigm that engages a predictive hierarchy, which encompasses the GW. The results of our source reconstruction suggest three phases of processing. The first phase involves the sensory (here auditory) regions of the superior temporal lobe and predicts sensory regularities over a short timeframe (as per the local effect). The third phase is brain-scale, involving inferior frontal, as well as inferior and superior parietal regions, consistent with a global neuronal workspace (GNW; as per the global effect). Crucially, our analysis suggests that there is an intermediate (second) phase, involving modulatory interactions between inferior frontal and superior temporal regions. Furthermore, sedation with propofol reduces modulatory interactions in the second phase. This selective effect is consistent with a PC explanation of sedation, with propofol acting on descending predictions of the precision of prediction errors; thereby constraining access to the GNW.

scholarly journals Money, lies, and replicability: On the need for empirically grounded experimental practices and interdisciplinary discourse

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Hertwig ◽  
Andreas Ortmann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Impact

This response reinforces the major themes of our target article. The impact of key methodological variables should not be taken for granted. Rather, we suggest grounding experimental practices in empirical evidence. If no evidence is available, decisions about design and implementation ought to be subjected to systematic experimentation. In other words, we argue against empirically blind conventions and against methodological choices based on beliefs, habits, or rituals. Our approach will neither inhibit methodological diversity nor constrain experimental creativity. More likely, it will promote both goals.

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