scholarly journals The Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Banta ◽  
Wija J. Oortwijn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Coverage Decision ◽  
Special Fund ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Based Medicine

Objective: The aim of this report was to describe the history of health technology assessment (HTA) in the Netherlands.Methods: This article is a descriptive review from two people who have been very much involved in the events described and is based on review of relevant policy documents and Web sites.Results: HTA has been progressively developed in the Netherlands since (at least) the early 1980s. Beginning in 1985, there were progressive attempts to expand and institutionalized HTA in the Netherlands healthcare system. These attempts were generally successful, but did not result in a national agency for HTA. An important development in HTA in the Netherlands was a special fund (Ontwikkelingsgeneeskunde) designed to support prospective HTAs with the main purpose of affecting insurance coverage decisions. The administration of this fund moved progressively to broaden the subjects chosen for analysis to include such subjects as chronic illness and disability. A more-or-less hidden conflict developed in the question of the leadership and orientation of this fund, with the result that it was largely moved to a more research-oriented and less policy-oriented site.Conclusions: The situation today is that HTA is visible and is used by the government in policy decisions, especially in the areas of prevention and screening. In addition, HTA is influential in insurance coverage decision making, especially in the field of pharmaceuticals. The principles of HTA and evidence-based medicine are generally familiar to physicians and other clinicians, however, the influence of HTA on clinical and administrative decisions is less than in some other countries.

MODERN PROGRESS OF EVENTFUL TOURISM TRENDS ІN ZAKARPATTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Natalia PANKIV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Government Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Status ◽  
History Of Study

Theoretical principles and history of study of eventful tourism, his classification, and also modern state of this sphere, are considered in the article. Progress of eventful tourism trends are analysed on Zakarpattia and it is set that during the last years there are positive tendencies in relation to their development, in particular: the specialized tour operators that offer corresponding tours and the new objects of eventful rest are opened appear. It is educed that Zakarpattia is extraordinarily rich in traditions and ethnic colour and has considerable advantages for development of eventful tourism, as here is considerable tourist-recreational potential. In villages and small towns Zakarpattia the most various and interesting festivals and holidays pass that, it is possible conditionally to divide into three groups-guilty, gastronomic and folklore. Lately large popularity was purchased by the tours of flowers on Zakarpattia. Eventful tourism is perspective on Zakarpattia, with inexhaustible resource potential, and the programs of festivals are saturated, original and interesting and profitable. They assist to socio-economic development of area, popularization of potential tourist resources among a population. Important pre-condition of organization of festival tourism is the timely informing and advertising of events, popularity to information about her and organization of her systematic realization. Most permanent festivals have own web-sites, on that there is information about realization and program of measures, tourist infrastructure, transport report. Forming of positive image of region and increase of amount of tourists is assisted by tourist-informative centers that accumulate information about tourist-recreational suggestions. Without regard to plenty of festivals international status is had only separate from them. Therefore, in order to attract the attention of tourists to Zakarpattia, it is expedient to create the government program of assistance and development of festival motion and distinguish the regional centers of festival tourism. Such regional centers can be cities that are selected on the principle of scale and the possibility of representation of an event. Such centers in the region can be Uzhgorod, Beregovo, Rakhiv, Mukachevo.

The ‘Weakness of Conscience’ in the Reformed Movement in the Netherlands: The Attitude of the Dutch Reformation to the use of Violence Between 1562 and 1574

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Auke Jelsma
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Just War ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The most important cause of the French civil war, starting in 1562, was religion. Of course, there were other motives too, especially the resistance of nobles to the centralization of power in Paris, but it was the struggle for freedom of religion which gave this war such a destructive character. The young Calvinist churches provided their warriors with all the mental and spiritual support they needed. In their opinion it was a struggle for the sake of God; it was a just war. As magistratus inferiores the nobles had the right, even the duty, to control and eventually to oppose the higher authority of the king. With arguments borrowed from the old testament and natural law they even defended the right of violent resistance to the government. Theological support came also from Geneva, especially from Theodore Beza. Without the Calvinist reformation there would not have been such a violent civil war, such a revolt, at that moment in the history of France.

The Explosion of a Fireworks Storage Facility and its Causes

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. M. Ale
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Abstract On 13 may 2000 an explosion occurred in a fireworks storage and trading facility in Enschede, the Netherlands. Twenty-two people were killed and some 900 injured. The material damage was approximately 400 MEuro. Immediately after the accident an investigation was started into the causes of the accident. Special attention was given to the unexpected violence of the explosion. The investigative committee installed by the Government used results and advice of domestic and international institutes to obtain results. It appeared that the firm had a long history of violating permits, that the city had legalised these violations and that inspectorates and state institutions were not aware of the hazards thus created. Especially the importance of the correct classification of the fireworks and of the storage of the correct types and quantities went unnoticed. As a result prior to May 13 2000 most of the fireworks stored at the premises were more powerful than the labels indicated and in fact a significant part of the storage was mass-explosive contrary to the current permit.

The New Social Contract and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Netherlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinus R. R. Ossewaarde
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Industrial

AbstractOne of the recurring topics in the history of sovereign nation-states is the way in which national identity, and social and cultural differences are dealt with politically. In the Netherlands, that has always had a strong tradition of social citizenship, the government has recently responded to plural nationhood and its problems by turning to new concepts of citizenship. In this article, it is argued that notions of citizenship are, in the end, used to reinforce Dutch sovereignty by creating and maintaining national cohesion. The underlying assumption in public policy is that a strong sense of national citizenship that replaces the old model of social citizenship is the only way to reconcile differences and safeguard peace in contemporary post-industrial society. Three Dutch policy sectors – integration, welfare and child protection – are examined to see how these concepts have taken shape in public policy.

The Private Papers of Artus Gijsels as Source for the History of East Asia

1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-559
Author(s):  
M. A. P. Meilink-Roelofsz
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
General State ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Asian History ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Archives

The General State Archives in The Hague are gradually becoming famous, even outside Europe, for the wealth of documentary material on Asian history deposited there. Moreover, this institution endeavours to supplement the Company archives with microfilms of documents stored in less obvious places, whether public or private, at home or abroad. Now such documents, written in Dutch and pertaining to subjects which usually fall outside the scope of other groups of archives in such institutions, attract little attention locally and so are insufficiently utilised. It is therefore very gratifying that the General State Archives recently acquired the microfilms of a comprehensive collection of documents deposited in the Badische Landesbiliothek in Karlsruhe in the German Federal Republic. This collection derives from Artus or Arnoud Gijsels, official of the Dutch East Indies Company, and only at the end of the century became known in the Netherlands. Then the German Dr. E. F. Kossmann, Germanic scholar who later settled in the Netherlands, father and grandfather of renowned Dutch scholars, drew up a brief guide to its contents. He published this guide in “De Nederlandsche Spectator” (1888), a now almost forgotten cultural periodical published in the Netherlands. Colonial history was not Kossmann's special line, but the way he summarised this guide demands our respect. Thanks to his article, this collection received the attention both of the editors of the “Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis van de Maleise Archipel” (Material for the history of the Malayan Archipelago), P. A. Tiele and J. G. Heeres and of the editors of the journal of Batavia, H. T. Colenbrander, later professor of Colonial History at the University of Leyden. One gets the impression, however, that they did not personally investigate the entire collection in Karlsruhe. Tiele and Heeres mention it only in passing. Colenbrander's interest was directed mainly towards two reports drawn up by the Governor-General Van Diemen in 1636 and 1637. The report of 1636 was also deposited in the General State Archives, and this example differed only on minor details from that of Karlsruhe. But neither the General State Archives nor the Government Archives of Batavia had a copy of the 1637 report. This report, spanning merely the period from 1 January to 27 May 1637, was published by Colenbrander in his series of journals, supplemented by two other documents dating from after 27 May 1637. Van Diemen's journal of his voyage to Amboina was also lacking in The Hague and Batavia, and of it he had manuscript copies made — it was still the pre-technical age —. These copies are now preserved in the General State Archives' collection of accessions.

scholarly journals Reaching across the aisle

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Louwerse ◽  
Simon Otjes ◽  
David M Willumsen ◽  
Patrik Öhberg
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Contextual Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Way

The divide between government and opposition is clearly visible in the way members of parliament vote, but the variation in government–opposition voting has been left relatively unexplored. This is particularly the case for contextual variation in the extent to which parliamentary voting behaviour follows the government–opposition divide. This article attempts to explain levels of government–opposition voting by looking at three factors: first, the majority status of cabinets (differentiating between majority and minority cabinets), cabinet ideology (differentiating between more centrist and more extremist cabinets) and norms about cabinet formation (differentiating between wholesale and partial alternation in government). The study includes variation at the level of the country, the government and the vote. The article examines voting in the Netherlands (with a history of partial alternation) and Sweden (with a history of wholesale alternation). We find strong support for the effect of cabinet majority status, cabinet ideology and norms about cabinet formation on government–opposition voting.

Case Exercise: Toxic Exposure-Related Illness: Causation, Diagnosis, and Permanent Impairment

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Frederick Fung
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Level ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Specialty Board ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subjective Complaints ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Illness Causation ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract A diagnosis of toxic-related injury/illness requires a consideration of the illness related to the toxic exposure, including diagnosis, causation, and permanent impairment; these are best performed by a physician who is certified by a specialty board certified by the American Board of Preventive Medicine. The patient must have a history of symptoms consistent with the exposure and disease at issue. In order to diagnose the presence of a specific disease, the examiner must find subjective complaints that are consistent with the objective findings, and both the subjective complaints and objective findings must be consistent with the disease that is postulated. Exposure to a specific potentially causative agent at a defined concentration level must be documented and must be sufficient to induce a particular pathology in order to establish a diagnosis. Differential diagnoses must be entertained in order to rule out other potential causes, including psychological etiology. Furthermore, the identified exposure at the defined concentration level must be capable of causing the diagnosis being postulated before the examiner can conclude that there has been a cause-and-effect relationship between the exposure and the disease (dose-response relationship). The evaluator's opinion should make biological and epidemiological sense. The treatment plan and prognosis should be consistent with evidence-based medicine, and the rating of impairment must be based on objective findings in involved systems.

Haemostatic Parameters and Lifestyle Factors in Elderly Men in Italy and The Netherlands

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransje C H Bijnen ◽  
Edith J M Feskens ◽  
Simona Giampaoli ◽  
Alessandro Menotti ◽  
Flaminio Fidanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
History Of

SummaryThe association between plasma fibrinogen, factor VII, factor X, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin III and the lifestyle factors cigarette smoking, alcohol use, fat intake and physical activity was assessed in 802 men aged 70-90 years in Zutphen (The Netherlands), Montegiorgio and Crevalcore (Italy).Smoking was positively associated with fibrinogen, also after adjustment for other lifestyle factors, age, use of anticoagulants and aspirin like drugs, body mass index, and history of myocardial infarction. Alcohol use was associated with increased levels of factor X and decreased levels of antithrombin III. Fat intake was positively associated with antithrombin III. Between cohorts, considerable differences were observed in levels of haemostatic parameters and the lifestyle factors. Compared to the mediterranean cohorts the Zutphen cohort showed the highest levels of fibrinogen and factor VII. Differences in lifestyle factors could, however, not explain differences between cohorts in levels of any of the haemostatic parameters, despite the observed associations between lifestyle factors and haemostatic parameters.

RELASI ULAMA DAN PENGUASA MASA KOLONIALISME

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Agung Perdana Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
General Public ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Way

In the 18th century, although the Dutch Company controlled most of the archipelago, the Netherlands also experienced a decline in trade. This was due to the large number of corrupt employees and the fall in the price of spices which eventually created the VOC. Under the rule of H.W. Daendels, the colonial government began to change the way of exploitation from the old conservative way which focused on trade through the VOC to exploitation managed by the government and the private sector. Ulama also strengthen their ties with the general public through judicial management, and compensation, and waqaf assets, and by leading congregational prayers and various ceremonies for celebrating birth, marriage and death. Their links with a large number of artisans, workers (workers), and the merchant elite were very influential.

Making It Count

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Statistics ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Great Leap Forward

In 1949, at the end of a long period of wars, one of the biggest challenges facing leaders of the new People's Republic of China was how much they did not know. The government of one of the world's largest nations was committed to fundamentally reengineering its society and economy via socialist planning while having almost no reliable statistical data about their own country. This book is the history of efforts to resolve this “crisis in counting.” The book explores the choices made by political leaders, statisticians, academics, statistical workers, and even literary figures in attempts to know the nation through numbers. It shows that early reliance on Soviet-inspired methods of exhaustive enumeration became increasingly untenable in China by the mid-1950s. Unprecedented and unexpected exchanges with Indian statisticians followed, as the Chinese sought to learn about the then-exciting new technology of random sampling. These developments were overtaken by the tumult of the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961), when probabilistic and exhaustive methods were rejected and statistics was refashioned into an ethnographic enterprise. By acknowledging Soviet and Indian influences, the book not only revises existing models of Cold War science but also globalizes wider developments in the history of statistics and data. Anchored in debates about statistics and its relationship to state building, the book offers fresh perspectives on China's transition to socialism.

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