Electron Microscopic Study of the Epithelium of the Seminal Vesicle of Aging Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
V. F. Allison ◽  
G. C. Fink ◽  
G. W. Cearley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Pseudostratified Epithelium

It is well known that epithelial hyperplasia (benign hypertrophy) is common in the aging prostate of dogs and man. In contrast, little evidence is available for abnormal epithelial cell growth in seminal vesicles of aging animals. Recently, enlarged seminal vesicles were reported in senescent mice, however, that enlargement resulted from increased storage of secretion in the lumen and occurred concomitant to epithelial hypoplasia in that species.The present study is concerned with electron microscopic observations of changes occurring in the pseudostratified epithelium of the seminal vescles of aging rats. Special attention is given to certain non-epithelial cells which have entered the epithelial layer.

Induction of endothelin-1 synthesis by IL-2 and its modulation of rat intestinal epithelial cell growth

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (3) ◽  
pp. G556-G563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeharu Shigematsu ◽  
Soichiro Miura ◽  
Masahiko Hirokawa ◽  
Ryota Hokari ◽  
Hajime Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Proliferative Response ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial

Endothelin (ET), a vasoconstrictive peptide, is known to have a variety of biological actions. Although ET is released by vascular endothelial cells, other cell populations also have been reported to synthesize and release ET. In this study, we examined whether ET is synthesized by intestinal epithelial cells and whether it affects induction of epithelial cell proliferation by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Subconfluent monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6 and IEC-18) were maintained in serum-free medium before addition of rat IL-2. Both IEC-6 and IEC-18 cells released ET-1 into the medium under unstimulated conditions, as determined by a sandwich ELISA. IL-2 significantly enhanced ET-1 release in a time-dependent manner. ET-3 was not detectable in the culture media of either cell line. Expression of ET-1 and ET-3 mRNA in epithelial cells was assessed by competitive PCR. Both cell lines were shown to express ET-1 mRNA, but no ET-3 mRNA was detected. IL-2 treatment enhanced ET-1 mRNA expression by both IEC-6 and IEC-18 cells. Both cell lines also expressed mRNA for ETA and ETB receptor subtypes. When cell proliferation was assessed, exogenous ET-1 induced a slight proliferative response in both types of cells that was consistent and significant at low ET-1 concentrations; cell growth was inhibited at a higher concentration (10−7M). IL-2 produced a significant proliferative response in both cell lines. However, the addition of ET-1 (10−7 M) to culture media attenuated the IL-2-induced increase in cell proliferation. ETA-receptor antagonists significantly enhanced cellular proliferation, suggesting involvement of the ETA receptor in modulation of IL-2-induced intestinal epithelial cell growth.

Evaluating an in vitro culture system of bovine uterine and oviduct epithelial cells for subsequent embryo co-culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Thibodeaux ◽  
MW Myers ◽  
LL Goodeaux ◽  
Y Menezo ◽  
JD Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Oviduct Epithelial Cells

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of culture medium and incubation temperature on bovine uterine and oviduct epithelial cell growth, so that the most efficient combination could then be used to develop a co-culture system for bovine embryos. In the first experiment, uterine and oviduct epithelial cells at either the second or third subpassage were incubated for 8 days at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 in Tissue Culture Medium-199, CMRL-1066, Minimal Essential Medium, Menezo's B2 or Ham's F-12 medium. In addition to plotting growth curves of cell populations, the cell cycle was monitored for 8 days by flow cytometry. Uterine and oviduct epithelial cells incubated in CMRL-1066 exhibited the highest growth rates during the 8-day culture period. However, there were no differences in cell cycle analysis among treatment groups during the incubation period. In the second experiment, CMRL-1066 medium was used to evaluate growth and proliferation of uterine and oviduct epithelial cells incubated at 37 degrees C or 39 degrees C; temperature had no significant effect on growth rates or proliferation rates for either uterine or oviduct cells during the 8-day incubation. In the third experiment, the more promising culture media for epithelial cell culture studies were chosen for in vitro maturation and subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) of bovine oocytes. Early cleavage-stage embryos produced by IVF procedures were subsequently cultured in vitro for 7 days in medium alone or with oviduct epithelial cells. In this study, the culture medium did not influence fertilization or cleavage rates. However, more embryos co-cultured with oviduct epithelial cells were considered viable after 7 days of incubation compared with embryos incubated in medium alone. These results indicate that various incubation conditions can influence the growth of bovine uterine and oviduct epithelial cells in vitro. However, in spite of changes in cell growth patterns, there does not appear to be a change in their embryotropic capabilities in vitro.

scholarly journals KSA Antigen Ep-CAM Mediates Cell–Cell Adhesion of Pancreatic Epithelial Cells: Morphoregulatory Roles in Pancreatic Islet Development

1998 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 1519-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cirulli ◽  
L. Crisa ◽  
G.M. Beattie ◽  
M.I. Mally ◽  
A.D. Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Endocrine Differentiation ◽  
Cell Cell

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are important mediators of cell–cell interactions and regulate cell fate determination by influencing growth, differentiation, and organization within tissues. The human pancarcinoma antigen KSA is a glycoprotein of 40 kD originally identified as a marker of rapidly proliferating tumors of epithelial origin. Interestingly, most normal epithelia also express this antigen, although at lower levels, suggesting that a dynamic regulation of KSA may occur during cell growth and differentiation. Recently, evidence has been provided that this glycoprotein may function as an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM). Here, we report that Ep-CAM exhibits the features of a morphoregulatory molecule involved in the development of human pancreatic islets. We demonstrate that Ep-CAM expression is targeted to the lateral domain of epithelial cells of the human fetal pancreas, and that it mediates calcium-independent cell–cell adhesion. Quantitative confocal immunofluorescence in fetal pancreata identified the highest levels of Ep-CAM expression in developing islet-like cell clusters budding from the ductal epithelium, a cell compartment thought to comprise endocrine progenitors. A surprisingly reversed pattern was observed in the human adult pancreas, displaying low levels of Ep-CAM in islet cells and high levels in ducts. We further demonstrate that culture conditions promoting epithelial cell growth induce upregulation of Ep-CAM, whereas endocrine differentiation of fetal pancreatic epithelial cells, transplanted in nude mice, is associated with a downregulation of Ep-CAM expression. In addition, a blockade of Ep-CAM function by KS1/4 mAb induced insulin and glucagon gene transcription and translation in fetal pancreatic cell clusters. These results indicate that developmentally regulated expression and function of Ep-CAM play a morphoregulatory role in pancreatic islet ontogeny.

scholarly journals Acidified Pepsin Promotes Laryngeal Precancerosis by Upregulating H+/K+-ATPase and Activating Mitophagy in Laryngeal Epithelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Jia Cheng ◽  
Qiong Xu ◽  
Zhi-Mei Li ◽  
Shui-Hong Zhou ◽  
Yang-Yang Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Laryngeal Mucosa

Abstract Background: Although laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been implicated in various upper aerodigestive tract and laryngeal diseases, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of gastric acidified pepsin in laryngeal precancerosis. Results: Acidified pepsin (pH=3) enhanced the growth and survival of mouse laryngeal epithelial cells in vitro and promoted laryngeal mucosal thickening and laryngeal epithelial cell growth in vivo. Furthermore, acidified pepsin promoted autophagy/mitophagy induction, accompanied by a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine abolished the ability of acidified pepsin to promote mitophagy and cell growth in laryngeal epithelial cells. Additionally, chloroquine promoted cell apoptosis and further reduced MMP in laryngeal epithelial cells treated with acidified pepsin. The expression levels of pepsin and H+/K+-ATPase α and β subunits in 31 human laryngeal mucosa specimens were 51.6%, 48.4%, and 48.4%, respectively. Importantly, the pepsin level was correlated with the H+/K+-ATPase β subunit level. H+/K+-ATPase upregulation in laryngeal epithelial cells in response to acidified pepsin was essential for the mitophagy-promoting effect of acidified pepsin. H+/K+-ATPase knockout or inhibition further reduced MMP in the presence of acidified pepsin. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in an acidic environment, pepsin promotes laryngeal epithelial cell growth and survival by upregulating H+/K+-ATPase and activating mitophagy, potentially leading to laryngeal precancerosis.

Neonatal seminal vesicle mesenchyme induces a new morphological and functional phenotype in the epithelia of adult ureter and ductus deferens

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Cunha ◽  
P. Young ◽  
S.J. Higgins ◽  
P.S. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Neonatal Mouse ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Complete Spectrum ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Functional Phenotype

Mesenchyme from neonatal mouse and rat seminal vesicles (SVM) was grown in association with postnatal (adult) epithelial cells from the ureter (URE) and ductus deferens (DDE) in chimeric tissue recombinants composed of mouse mesenchyme and rat epithelium or vice versa. Functional cytodifferentiation was examined in these SVM + URE and SVM + DDE tissue recombinants with antibodies against major androgen-dependent seminal-vesicle-specific secretory proteins. Adult DDE and URE were induced to express seminal cytodifferentiation and produced the complete spectrum of major seminal vesicle secretory (SVS) proteins. The SVS proteins produced were specific for the species that provided the epithelium. In the case of SVM + URE recombinants, the URE, which normally lacks androgen receptors (AR), expressed AR. These results demonstrate that adult epithelial cells retain a developmental plasticity equivalent to their undifferentiated fetal counterparts and are capable of being reprogrammed to express a completely new morphological, biochemical and functional phenotype.

Increase in epithelial cell growth by hyperprolactinemia induces delay of castration-induced involution of mouse seminal vesicle

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ayata ◽  
T. Yamane ◽  
S. Okamoto ◽  
W. Li ◽  
N. TerActa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Seminal Vesicle

scholarly journals Gradient in cytoplasmic pressure in germline cells controls overlying epithelial cell morphogenesis

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. e3000940
Author(s):  
Laurie-Anne Lamiré ◽  
Pascale Milani ◽  
Gaël Runel ◽  
Annamaria Kiss ◽  
Leticia Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nurse Cell ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Germline Cells

It is unknown how growth in one tissue impacts morphogenesis in a neighboring tissue. To address this, we used the Drosophila ovarian follicle, in which a cluster of 15 nurse cells and a posteriorly located oocyte are surrounded by a layer of epithelial cells. It is known that as the nurse cells grow, the overlying epithelial cells flatten in a wave that begins in the anterior. Here, we demonstrate that an anterior to posterior gradient of decreasing cytoplasmic pressure is present across the nurse cells and that this gradient acts through TGFβ to control both the triggering and the progression of the wave of epithelial cell flattening. Our data indicate that intrinsic nurse cell growth is important to control proper nurse cell pressure. Finally, we reveal that nurse cell pressure and subsequent TGFβ activity in the stretched cells combine to increase follicle elongation in the anterior, which is crucial for allowing nurse cell growth and pressure control. More generally, our results reveal that during development, inner cytoplasmic pressure in individual cells has an important role in shaping their neighbors.

Cellular reactions of the field cricket (Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Burmeister)) to Turgida turgida (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda: Physalopteroidea)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2143-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Gray ◽  
R. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Cellular Destruction

Cellular reactions to infections of Turgida turgida (Rudolphi, 1819) in field crickets (Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Burmeister) (=Acheta pennsylvanicus Burmeister)) were studied. Most larvae reached the epithelial cells of the ileum. These larvae caused little cellular destruction or haemocytic response until 18 h after infection. Syncytia of epithelial cell origin had formed around larvae by 28 h after infection. Initially, each syncytium was surrounded by haemocytes and later, by a wall with two well-defined layers. The epithelial layer of the alimentary tract had regenerated beneath the capsule by 48 days. Occasionally larvae penetrated directly into the haemocoel and were surrounded by haemocytes and(or) became melanized.

scholarly journals Acidified Pepsin Promotes Laryngeal Precancerosis by Upregulating H+/K+-ATPase and Activating Mitophagy in Laryngeal Epithelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Jia Cheng ◽  
Qiong Xu ◽  
Zhi-Mei Li ◽  
Shui hong Zhou ◽  
Yang-Yang Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Laryngeal Mucosa ◽  
Α And Β Subunits

Abstract Background: Although laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been implicated in various upper aerodigestive tract and laryngeal diseases, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of gastric acidified pepsin in laryngeal precancerosis. Methods: The in vitro and in vivo effects of acidified pepsin on H+/K+-ATPase expression and autophagy/mitophagy induction in mouse laryngeal epithelial cells were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, the levels of pepsin and H+/K+-ATPase α and β subunits in 31 human laryngeal mucosal specimens were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Acidified pepsin (pH=3) enhanced the growth and survival of mouse laryngeal epithelial cells in vitro and promoted laryngeal mucosal thickening and laryngeal epithelial cell growth in vivo. Furthermore, acidified pepsin promoted autophagy/mitophagy induction, accompanied by a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine abolished the ability of acidified pepsin to promote mitophagy and cell growth in laryngeal epithelial cells. Additionally, chloroquine promoted cell apoptosis and further reduced MMP in laryngeal epithelial cells treated with acidified pepsin. The expression levels of pepsin and H+/K+-ATPase α and β subunits in 31 human laryngeal mucosa specimens were 51.6%, 48.4%, and 48.4%, respectively. Importantly, the pepsin level was correlated with the H+/K+-ATPase β subunit level. H+/K+-ATPase upregulation in laryngeal epithelial cells in response to acidified pepsin was essential for the mitophagy-promoting effect of acidified pepsin. H+/K+-ATPase knockout or inhibition further reduced MMP in the presence of acidified pepsin. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in an acidic environment, pepsin promotes laryngeal epithelial cell growth and survival by upregulating H+/K+-ATPase and activating mitophagy, potentially leading to laryngeal precancerosis.

scholarly journals Gradient in cytoplasmic pressure in the germline cells controls overlying epithelial cell morphogenesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie-Anne Lamiré ◽  
Pascale Milani ◽  
Gaël Runel ◽  
Annamaria Kiss ◽  
Leticia Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nurse Cell ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Cell Shape Change

AbstractIt is unknown how growth in one tissue impacts morphogenesis in a neighboring tissue. To address this, we used the Drosophila ovarian follicle, where a cluster of 15 nurse cells and a posteriorly located oocyte are surrounded by a layer of epithelial cells. It is known that as the nurse cells grow, the overlying epithelial cells flatten in a wave that begins in the anterior. Here, we demonstrate that an anterior to posterior gradient of decreasing cytoplasmic pressure is present across the nurse cells and that this gradient acts through TGFß to control both the triggering and the progression of the wave of epithelial cell flattening. Our data indicate that intrinsic nurse cell growth is important to control proper nurse cell pressure. Finally, we reveal that nurse cell pressure and subsequent TGFß activity in the StC combine to increase follicle elongation in the anterior, which is crucial for allowing nurse cell growth and pressure control. More generally, our results reveal that during development, inner cytoplasmic pressure in individual cells has an important role in shaping their neighbors.Impact StatementCell shape change depends on extrinsic forces exerted by cytoplasmic pressure in neighbouring cells.

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