Preparation of Thin Cadmium Telluride Samples for Electron Microscope Studies

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
T. J. Magee ◽  
J. Peng ◽  
J. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solid State Devices

Cadmium telluride has become increasingly important in a number of technological applications, particularly in the area of laser-optical components and solid state devices, Microstructural characterizations of the material have in the past been somewhat limited because of the lack of suitable sample preparation and thinning techniques. Utilizing a modified jet thinning apparatus and a potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid thinning solution, a procedure has now been developed for obtaining thin contamination-free samples for TEM examination.

scholarly journals The effect chemical treatment of the substrate cadmium telluride on the quality of epitaxial structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
V. V. Paramonov ◽  
O. V. Novikova ◽  
V. G. Kosushkin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
Hydrobromic Acid ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Nonaqueous Solutions

The etching of wafers of cadmium telluride in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions before the epitaxial process of building structures CdxHg1-xTe and its influence on the surface quality of epitaxial layers. As the etchants investigated 2—20 % solution of bromine in isobutyl alcohol, 5 % solution of bromine in methanol, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol, solutions of bromine in hydrobromic acid and mixed with glycerin, a saturated solution of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid. The speed of etching was varied from 0.2 to 9 µm/min. Polishing Set nature of the etching substrate of cadmium telluride in 5 % solution of bromine in i-butanol, the dissolution process is diffusion in nature and is limited by the mass transfer of the reactants in the temperature range of 10—60 °C, depending on the concentration of bromine and the viscosity of the solution. Studied the morphology and surface finish of epitaxial layers of CdxHg1-xTe, depending on the method of etching the original substrate. Found the optimal compositions of etchants for precipitaciones processing of obtaining structures with a height of asperities of the surface at 0.1 atm.

Albumins as Embedding Media for Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 422-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Farrant ◽  
J. D. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Globular Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Embedding Medium

For electron microscope techniques such as ferritin-labeled antibody staining it would be advantageous to have available a simple means of thin sectioning biological material without subjecting it to lipid solvents, impregnation with plastic monomers and their subsequent polymerization. With this aim in view we have re-examined the use of protein as an embedding medium. Gelatin which has been used in the past is not very satisfactory both because of its fibrous nature and the high temperature necessary to keep its solutions fluid. We have found that globular proteins such as the serum and egg albumins can be cross-linked so as to yield blocks which are suitable for ultrathin sectioning.

High-Resolution, Low-Voltage SEM of Cell Wall Regeneration of Yeast Shizosaccharomyces Pombe Protoplasts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
M. Osumi ◽  
N. Yamada ◽  
T. Nagatani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Cell Wall Regeneration ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Beam Damage ◽  
Biological Field ◽  
Scanning Electron

Even though many early workers had suggested the use of lower voltages to increase topographic contrast and to reduce specimen charging and beam damage, we did not usually operate in the conventional scanning electron microscope at low voltage because of the poor resolution, especially of bioligical specimens. However, the development of the “in-lens” field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) has led to marked inprovement in resolution, especially in the range of 1-5 kV, within the past year. The probe size has been cumulated to be 0.7nm in diameter at 30kV and about 3nm at 1kV. We have been trying to develop techniques to use this in-lens FESEM at low voltage (LVSEM) for direct observation of totally uncoated biological specimens and have developed the LVSEM method for the biological field.

Solving the Voltage Contrast on Floating Substrate with Standard FA Toolset

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Goxe ◽  
Béatrice Vanhuffel ◽  
Marie Castignolles ◽  
Thomas Zirilli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Mixed Signal ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Passive Voltage Contrast (PVC) in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) or a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) is a key Failure Analysis (FA) technique to highlight a leaky gate. The introduction of Silicon On Insulator (SOI) substrate in our recent automotive analog mixed-signal technology highlighted a new challenge: the Bottom Oxide (BOX) layer, by isolating the Silicon Active Area from the bulk made PVC technique less effective in finding leaky MOSFET gates. A solution involving sample preparation performed with standard FA toolset is proposed to enhance PVC on SOI substrate.

Metallic Nanoneedles Arrays for TEM Sample Preparation “Lift-Out”

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romaneh Jalilian ◽  
David Mudd ◽  
Neil Torrez ◽  
Jose Rivera ◽  
Mehdi M. Yazdanpanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Beam System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nanoneedle Array ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The sample preparation for transmission electron microscope can be done using a method known as "lift-out". This paper demonstrates a method of using a silver-gallium nanoneedle array for a quicker sharpening process of tungsten probes with better sample viewing, covering the fabrication steps and performance of needle-tipped probes for lift-out process. First, an array of high aspect ratio silver-gallium nanoneedles was fabricated and coated to improve their conductivity and strength. Then, the nanoneedles were welded to a regular tungsten probe in the focused ion beam system at the desired angle, and used as a sharp probe for lift-out. The paper demonstrates the superior mechanical properties of crystalline silver-gallium metallic nanoneedles. Finally, a weldless lift-out process is described whereby a nano-fork gripper was fabricated by attaching two nanoneedles to a tungsten probe.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Optical Crystals for All-Solid-State Raman Lasers

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Shibo Dai ◽  
Siqi Zhu ◽  
Hao Yin ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Frequency Doubling ◽  
Raman Laser ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Raman Lasers ◽  
Optical Crystals ◽  
Laser Crystals

In the past few decades, the multifunctional optical crystals for all-solid-state Raman lasers have been widely studied by many scholars due to their compactness, convenience and excellent performance. In this review, we briefly show two kinds of multifunctional Raman crystals: self-Raman (laser and Raman effects) crystals and self-frequency-doubled Raman (frequency-doubling and Raman effects) crystals. We firstly introduce the properties of the self-Raman laser crystals, including vanadate, tungstate, molybdate and silicate doped with rare earth ions, as well as self-frequency-doubled Raman crystals, including KTiOAsO4 (KTA) and BaTeMo2O9 (BTM). Additionally, the domestic and international progress in research on multifunctional Raman crystals is summarized in the continuous wave, passively Q-switched, actively Q-switched and mode-locked regimes. Finally, we present the bottleneck in multifunctional Raman crystals and the outlook for future development. Through this review, we contribute to a general understanding of multifunctional Raman crystals.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscope: A New Potential Tool to Replace Gram Staining for Microbe Identification in Blood Cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Gabriel Haddad ◽  
Sara Bellali ◽  
Tatsuki Takakura ◽  
Anthony Fontanini ◽  
Yusuke Ominami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Scanning Electron

Blood culture is currently the most commonly used method for diagnosing sepsis and bloodstream infections. However, the long turn-around-time to achieve microbe identification remains a major concern for clinical microbiology laboratories. Gram staining for preliminary identification remains the gold standard. We developed a new rapid strategy using a tabletop scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared its performance with Gram staining for the detection of micro-organisms and preliminary identification directly from blood cultures. We first optimised the sample preparation for twelve samples simultaneously, saving time on imaging. In this work, SEM proved its ability to identify bacteria and yeasts in morphotypes up to the genus level in some cases. We blindly tested 1075 blood cultures and compared our results to the Gram staining preliminary identification, with MALDI-TOF/MS as a reference. This method presents major advantages such as a fast microbe identification, within an hour of the blood culture being detected positive, low preparation costs, and data traceability. This SEM identification strategy can be developed into an automated assay from the sample preparation, micrograph acquisition, and identification process. This strategy could revolutionise urgent microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases.

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