The guard mother cell dormancy of soybean cotyledon

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
T. C. Chou ◽  
K. C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mother Cell ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Cotyledon ◽  
Guard Mother Cell ◽  
Cell Dormancy ◽  
Sharp Razor Blade

The cotyledons of soybean seeds serve both as a food source and a photosynthetic organs for the early development of soybean seedlings. The development of the stomata of cotyledons should be important and related to the food source utilization and the mechanism of photosynthesis. During the study of the development of the cotyledon stomata of soybean seeds, a phenomenon was observed on the upper epidermal layer of the cotyledon, we call it. “the dormancy of the guard mother cell”, which is not reported in the literature available to us.Soybean seeds were soaked, planted and sampled at 24, 48, and 72 hours after planting. The upper epidermal layers were stripped with a sharp razor blade, and processed for observation with Hitachi S-2300 scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of Irradiation with Millimeter Waves on Soybean Growth under Flooding Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoheng Zhong ◽  
Takashi Furuya ◽  
Kimitaka Ueno ◽  
Hisateru Yamaguchi ◽  
Keisuke Hitachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Millimeter Waves ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Trehalose Synthesis

Improving soybean growth and tolerance under environmental stress is crucial for sustainable development. Millimeter waves are a radio-frequency band with a wavelength range of 1–10 mm that has dynamic effects on organisms. To investigate the potential effects of millimeter-waves irradiation on soybean seedlings, morphological and proteomic analyses were performed. Millimeter-waves irradiation improved the growth of roots/hypocotyl and the tolerance of soybean to flooding stress. Proteomic analysis indicated that the irradiated soybean seedlings recovered under oxidative stress during growth, whereas proteins related to glycolysis and ascorbate/glutathione metabolism were not affected. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the promotive effect of millimeter waves to glycolysis- and redox-related pathways under flooding conditions. Sugar metabolism was suppressed under flooding in unirradiated soybean seedlings, whereas it was activated in the irradiated ones, especially trehalose synthesis. These results suggest that millimeter-waves irradiation on soybean seeds promotes the recovery of soybean seedlings under oxidative stress, which positively regulates soybean growth through the regulation of glycolysis and redox related pathways.

scholarly journals The Effect of Macroalgal Extracts and Near Infrared Radiation on Germination of Soybean Seedlings: Preliminary Research Results

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1066-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Michalak ◽  
Sylwia Lewandowska ◽  
Jerzy Detyna ◽  
Sylwia Olsztyńska-Janus ◽  
Henryk Bujak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Near Infrared Radiation ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth

AbstractIn the present study, synergistic effects between the application of near-infrared radiation (NIR) and macroalgal extracts on the germination of soybean seeds were searched for. NIR is captured by special photoreceptors (i.e. phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins) and next plants generate a wide range of specific physiological responses through these receptors. For the study, a special system of NIR was applied to irradiate soybean seeds. To our knowledge, this is the first time this kind of radiation was used for the biostimulation of soybean seeds. Previously, the effect of other ranges of light (e.g. green, red, blue) was analysed in terms of photosynthetic activity, growth and yield of different plants, except seeds. NIR for 3 and 5 minutes was also combined with the application of macroalgal extracts used for seeds soaking. They are known as a rich source of biologically active compounds that can stimulate plant growth. These preliminary studies show that the examined factors can stimulate plant’s growth and their quality.

scholarly journals Cell Division in the Formation of the Stomatal Complex of the Young Leaves of Wheat

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
J. D. PICKETT-HEAPS ◽  
D. H. NORTHCOTE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Guard Mother Cell ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Characteristic Manner

During the formation of stomata in the young leaves of wheat the cells divide in a characteristic manner; two of the cell divisions are asymmetrical and produce cells of unequal sizes. A study of the fine structure of the cells during mitosis has shown that a band of microtubules appears at each preprophase stage. This band, although it is not present in the subsequent stages of mitosis, indicates the location on the wall of the mother cell where the cell plate will join it at the final division of the cytoplasm at telophase. Thus the future plane of cell division is indicated by these microtubules at preprophase. Microtubules are also found at the growing edge of the cell plate and appear to function in directing the vesicles which are brought up to extend the plate. The cell plate which is formed to cut off the subsidiary cells on either side of the guard mother cell is curved, and the microtubules present in conjunction with this plate during its formation could function to align and hold it on the required position. The relationship of the guard mother cell to the divisions of the adjacent epidermal cells which form the subsidiary cells is discussed, and related to general problems of growth and differentiation.

scholarly journals Induction of Phytoalexins Gliceoline and Proteins Related to Defense in Soybean Cotyledon Treated With Yeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Eloisa Lorenzetti ◽  
Jeferson Carlos Carvalho ◽  
Alfredo José Alves Neto ◽  
Camila Hendges ◽  
Taís Regina Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Pichia Guilliermondii ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Soybean Cotyledon ◽  
Sporidiobolus Johnsonii

Yeasts can induce mechanisms of plant resistance due to compounds with eliciting characteristics, so the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of yeast on the induction of phytoalexins gliceoline, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from soy cotyledons. To determine the defense enzymes, soybean seeds were sown and the cotyledons treated with sterile distilled water, Cryptococcus laurentii (AH 03-1), Pichia guilliermondii (AH 16-2), Rhodotorula glutinis (AH 14-3), Sporidiobolus johnsonii (AH 16-1) and Zygoascus hellenicus (AH 14-1). Biochemical analyzes of the formation of phytoalexins and the activity of the enzymes peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and total proteins were performed. For phytoalexins glycerolins the yeasts Cryptococcus laurentii (AH 03-1) and Zygoascus hellenicus (AH 14-1) promoted an increase of 83.65% and 78.75% in the formation of this compound. Cryptococcus laurentii (AH 03-1) increased peroxidase activity by 36.84%, while for polyphenoloxidase, the Pichiaguilliermondii e yeasts (AH 16-2), Rhodotorula glutinis (AH 14-3), Sporidiobolus johnsonii (AH 16-1) and Zygoascus hellenicus (AH 14-1), increased the activity of this enzyme by 33.33%, 28.00%, 33.33% and 33.33%, respectively. For phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, Cryptococcus laurentii (AH 03-1) and Zygoascushellenicus (AH 14-1) promoted an increase of 75.57% and 78.86%, respectively, in their activity. The results demonstrate the potential of yeasts studied in the induction of phytoalexins glyceolins and in the activity of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in soybean cotyledons.

scholarly journals Seed priming with sodium nitroprusside attenuates the effects of water deficit on soybean seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Marina Alves Gavassi ◽  
Lucas Aparecido Gaion ◽  
Carolina Cristina Monteiro ◽  
Joel Cabral Santos ◽  
Rogério Falleiros Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Fundamental Part

Considering that water deficit is one of the main environmental factors responsible for low soybean yield and that nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a fundamental part of plant defense signaling during stress, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming with nitric oxide on the induction of water deficit tolerance during the initial development of soybean. Thus, seeds were treated with 0 (water only), 50, 100 or 250 μmol.L-1 sodium nitroprusside for 6 hours. Additionally, untreated seeds were used. After drying, the seeds were placed in containers filled with a commercial substrate mixture and vermiculite and irrigated to 100% and 50% field capacity. Biometric and biochemical evaluations (pigment and proline contents) were performed after 14 days. It was concluded that pretreatment of soybean seeds with 50 to 250 μmol.L-1 SNP attenuated the effects of water deficit on stem growth, leaf area, and shoot dry matter and induced carotenoid biosynthesis. The accumulation of proline in the leaves was pronounced in the treatments with 100 and 250 μmol.L-1 SNP, while 100 μmol.L-1 SNP induced proline accumulation in the roots.

scholarly journals Effect of the storage of soybean seeds treated with agrochemicals on the physiological quality and on the seedlings morphology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
João Pedro Garcia Nogueira ◽  
Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira Alves ◽  
Éder Matsuo ◽  
Willian Rodrigues Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Anthranilic Diamide ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
The One

Seed treatment is the most efficient technique for controlling pests and pathogens that can influence the initial development of the crop. However, storing treated seeds may damage the physiological quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of storage on the physiological quality of treated soybean seeds and on the morphology of soybean seedlings. The treatments were carried out with Fludioxonil, Imidacloprid and Anthranilic Diamide, in the dosage of 200, 150 and 100 mL of the commercial product 100 kg of seeds, respectively, from the cultivar BRSMG752S. The experimental designs used were randomized blocks (greenhouse) and completely randomized (laboratory), in a simple factorial 4x4scheme, with 4 sowing times (30, 20, 10 and 0 days after treatments) and 4 treatments (3 products and untreated seeds) with 4 repetitions. The treatment of soybean seeds with Anthranilic Diamide submitted to different storage periods was the one with the closest physiological quality to the treatment without application of agrochemicals. The soybean seeds treated with Imidacloprid showed a reduction in physiological quality with the storage time, reduction (in general) in the root length and presented a lower seedling length at 20 days of storage.

scholarly journals BZU2/ZmMUTE controls symmetrical division of guard mother cell and specifies neighbor cell fate in maize

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e1008377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Wang ◽  
Siyi Guo ◽  
Xin Qiao ◽  
Jianfei Guo ◽  
Zuliang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Guard Mother Cell

Development of the Stomatal Complexes During Ontogeny in Eucalyptus and Angophora (Myrtaceae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Carr ◽  
SGM Carr
Keyword(s):  
Mother Cell ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Simple Pattern ◽  
Sister Cell ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Guard Mother Cell ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Seedling Leaf

The mode of stomatal development is studied in cotyledons, seedling and adult leaves of species of eucalypts and three species of Angophora. In the cotyledons of all species examined the early stomatal initials are unilabrate or dolabrate. The stomatal initials in seedling leaves of species of the Corymbosae and Clavigerae are anisocytic. In the 4th seedling leaf in species of a group we have previously called Monocalyptus the stomatal initials are also anisocytic. All other eucalypts retain the early cotyledonary mode of origin of stomata throughout life. These two modes of origin, whether anisocytic or by unilabrate and dolabrate initials, are set in all eucalypts from the 4th seedling leaf onward. Secondary characteristics of the adult stomata, e.g. number of subsidiary cells, are more complex than those of the seedling leaves; rarely, the relatively simple pattern of the seedling leaves may persist in the adult leaves of a given species. In species in which the initials in adult leaves are unilabrate or dolabrate, groups of stomata may share one or more subsidiary cells or be juxtaposed without an intervening subsidiary cell. The sister cell(s) of the guard mother cell may precociously develop a thicker cuticle than ordinary epidermal cells, and this may be apparent at maturity. The abaxial stomata of the cotyledons (but not of seedling or adult leaves) are regularly aligned parallel to the main venation. The existence of three main types of origin of stomata characteristic of three large non-interbreeding groups of eucalypts is of interest in the taxonomy of the genus.

scholarly journals Plumele Soft Rot Caused by Fusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. pallidoroseum on Soybean Seedlings in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1063-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gally ◽  
B. González ◽  
M. P. Sobero y Rojo ◽  
G. Lori
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Seed Rot ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Petri Dishes

Soybean (Glycine max) is an important crop in the northern area of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Phomopsis spp. and Fusarium spp. are the prevalent pathogens in soybean seeds. Infection levels for both pathogens can be greater than 50%. In seedlings growing in sand or soil, both pathogens produce rotten lesions on cotyledons and hypocotyls, but over the past 2 years a plumele soft rot has also been observed associated with detached teguments that was previously demonstrated to be caused by Fusarium spp. (1). In 1996, seeds with a germination level lower than 82% were selected from an assay including 22 cultivars, and examined for the presence of Fusarium spp. The infection level ranged from 2 to 16%, and the Fusarium spp. present were identified as F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. pallidoroseum. After each Fusarium sp. was cultured on potato dextrose agar, a conidial suspension was prepared and adjusted to 1.8 × 106 conidia per ml. This inoculum was sprayed on water-soaked paper, in petri dishes, and good quality soybean seeds were placed on the paper, with 400 seed for each Fusarium sp. The petri dishes were maintained at 26°C for 24 h. Control seeds were plated on water-soaked paper. Inoculated seeds were sown in sand with a water content of 16% wt/wt, covered with polyethylene bags, and incubated for 7 days in a growth chamber at 26°C and a 12-h light period. All the samples inoculated with the three Fusarium spp. exhibited seed rot, seedlings with cotyledon and hypocotyl lesions as described previously (2), but also plumele soft rot. Control seedlings remained symptomless. This is the first report confirming that the characteristic plumele soft rot of soybean seedlings is a nonspecific symptom associated with F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. pallidoroseum. References: (1) B. González et al. ISTA-PDC Symp., 2nd. 1996. (2) G. S. Saharan and V. K. Gupta. Plant Dis. Rep. 56:693, 1972.

scholarly journals Soybean Seedlings Enriched with Iron and Magnesium - Impact on Germination, Growth and Antioxidant Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-641
Author(s):  
Jagna Chmielowska-Bąk ◽  
Inga Zinicovscaia ◽  
Marina Frontasyeva ◽  
Aleksandra Milczarek ◽  
Sabrina Micheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Intellectual Performance ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
The World ◽  
Fe Uptake

Abstract Iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) deficiency in human diets is a widespread problem observed in various regions of the world. Insufficient Fe uptake results in the development of iron dependent anaemia and depressed physical and intellectual performance. In turn Mg deficiency is associated with alterations in neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems. An emerging alternative to traditional supplementation of these elements in the form of pills, liquids or effervescent tablets, is introduction of fortified food products. In present study we show that preincubation of soybean seeds in Fe and Mg solutions leads to elevated content of these elements in the seedlings. Importantly the pretreatment did not affect germination rate, seedlings growth or, with an exception of Fe supplementation at highest concentration, antioxidant capacity. The obtained results indicate that preincubation of seeds in Fe and Mg solutions may be a promising method of obtaining enriched soybean sprouts.

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