Organs of a Baikal seal affected by a morbillivirus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 968-969
Author(s):  
O.I. Belykh ◽  
Ye.V. Likhoshway ◽  
Yu.V. Solodun ◽  
O.A. Goldberg ◽  
V.P. Kumarev
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

The population of Baikal seals Phoca sibirica has been plagued in 1987-88 by an unknown disease. Oligonucleotide probing of nucleic acids isolated from tissues of ill and dead animals, as well as immunological evidence and clinical data suggested that seals were infected by a morbillivirus. Morbillivirus antigen has been vizualized in dead seal tissues by immunoelectron microscopy (preembedding technique).The present report gives outline of electron microscopic studies of the tissues of infected Baikal seals. Morbillivirus antigens were vizualized as clusters of gold spheres by postembedding technique with monoclonal antibodies against measles virus and protein A-colloid gold conjugates in nuclei and cytoplasm of liver and kidney cells. Some clusters were associated with virus-like particles having a diameter of 80-100 nm. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate revealed nucleocapsides having length of up to 1400 nm, and a diameter of 13-17 nm, morphologically similar to measles and seals distemper virus.

Problems in Myogenesis Terminology in Electron Microscopy

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
P.E. Conen ◽  
J.U. Balis ◽  
C.D. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Developing Muscle

Myogenesis in man was studied using muscle from 19 fetuses of 8 to 16 weeks gestation which were processed with standard osmium-Epon or glutaraldehyde-osmium-Epon schedules and sections were stained in uranyl acetate and/or lead hydroxide. Particular emphasis was given during this study to presence of basement membrane and myofilaments as additional aids in classification of cell types present in developing muscle.Electron microscopy permits accurate identification of fibroblasts and early cells of muscle series and has been used in studies of myogenesis in chick, and rat. Light microscopy definitions for premyoblasts and myoblasts, and for myocytes at the myotube and muscle fiber stages of development are difficult to apply to electron microscopic studies without modification. For example the term myoblast was used differently by Tello, Katznelson and Boyd to designate a cell destined to become muscle but not recognizable as a muscle cell.

Electron Microscopic Studies of Gerbil Testis After Vasectomy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
S. K. MAJUMDAR ◽  
FRED KALENSCHER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acetate Lead ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Ultrathin sections made from bilaterally vasectomized as well as bilaterally sham-operated Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were examined and compared under an electron microscope in order to determine whether vasectomy has any effect upon the fine structure of the testis. The whole testes were removed and placed in Karnovsky's fixative for one hour. After this period the testes were diced into small pieces and fixed for an additional hour in the same fixative. After rinsing in distilled water and postfixed for one hour in OsO4, the tissues were embedded in Epon 812. The sections were stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate and examined on a Philips Model 201 transmission electron microscope. Shamoperated testis exhibited normal structure of germ cells.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE FOR CHANGES IN PROTEIN POLYSACCHARIDE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONSET OF CALCIFICATION IN CARTILAGE

1968 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Matukas ◽  
George A. Krikos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Calcified Cartilage ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Matrix Components

Past work has suggested that protein polysaccharide may play a role in the calcification of cartilage. Recent electron microscopic studies on noncalcified cartilage have indicated that protein polysaccharide in cartilage matrix is represented by granules associated with collagen fibers. The present work has been designed for comparison of the matrix of noncalcified cartilage to that of calcified cartilage, with particular reference to these granules. Small blocks of tibia from 16-day embryos were fixed in cacodylate-buffered glutaraldehyde and postfixed in either phosphate- or Veronal-buffered osmium tetroxide. Special care was taken to maintain the pH above 7.0 at all times. For electron microscopy the tissues were dehydrated, embedded in Epon 812, sectioned, and stained with uranyl acetate or lead citrate. A marked decrease in the size of granules in the matrix of calcified cartilage compared to noncalcified cartilage was noted. Associated with the decrease in the size of granules was a condensation of matrix components and the presence of an amorphous electron-opaque material that was not seen in noncalcified areas. These results are interpreted to represent either a drop in concentration or a change in state of protein polysaccharide with the onset of calcification in cartilage.

scholarly journals Formation of membrane lattice structures and their specific interactions with surfactant protein A

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. L642-L649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nades Palaniyar ◽  
Ross A. Ridsdale ◽  
Stephen A. Hearn ◽  
Fred Possmayer ◽  
George Harauz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Membranous Structure ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Biological membranes exist in many forms, one of which is known as tubular myelin (TM). This pulmonary surfactant membranous structure contains elongated tubes that form square lattices. To understand the interaction of surfactant protein (SP) A and various lipids commonly found in TM, we undertook a series of transmission-electron-microscopic studies using purified SP-A and lipid vesicles made in vitro and also native surfactant from bovine lung. Specimens from in vitro experiments were negatively stained with 2% uranyl acetate, whereas fixed native surfactant was delipidated, embedded, and sectioned. We found that dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-egg phosphatidylcholine (1:1 wt/wt) bilayers formed corrugations, folds, and predominantly 47-nm-square latticelike structures. SP-A specifically interacted with these lipid bilayers and folds. We visualized other proteolipid structures that could act as intermediates for reorganizing lipids and SP-As. Such a reorganization could lead to the localization of SP-A in the lattice corners and could explain, in part, the formation of TM-like structures in vivo.

Electron microscopic studies on the postnatal growth of mouse iridocorneal angle

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
K. Yoshida ◽  
F. Murata ◽  
S. Ohno ◽  
T. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Iridocorneal Angle ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Flat Embedding ◽  
Outflow Pathway

The iridocorneal angle(ICA) occupies an important position in the eye from the viewpoint of the aqueous outflow pathway. There are several studies on the iridocorneal angle formation of the mammalian eyes, such as the rat, monkey and man. However, there is no paper available on that of the mouse. The purpose of this study is to report the developmental process of the iridocorneal angle formation in the mouse eye.Albino mice of various ages from newborn to adult were used in this study. The ages of mice were 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14 days old, 1, 6 and 12 months old. At least three individual animals were studied at each developing stage. After decapitation, the eyes were quickly enucleated, and were prefixed in 2. 5% glutaraldehyde in 0. 1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7. 4) for three hours. They were then measured at their diameters before postfixation in 1% osmium tetroxide for two hours, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and embedded in Epon with a flat embedding mold to ensure their direction. Ultrathin sections were cut with an LKB Ultrotome, placed on the collodion coated grids and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate before observation with a Hitachi HS-9 electron microscope.

The Development and Structure of Measles Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
T. Nakai ◽  
F. L. Shand ◽  
A. F. Howatson
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Monkey Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Infected Cells

Measles virus and the closely related distemper and rinderpest viruses are members of the paramyxovirus group. A feature that distinguishes these viruses from other members of the group is the occurrence in infected cells of intranuclear inclusions. These are present in addition to the cytoplasmic inclusions which are a common feature of infection by all paramyxoviruses.In electron microscopic studies on thin sections of measles-infected primary monkey kidney cells and BSC-1 cells (a continuous line of monkey kidney cells) it was found that the intranuclear inclusions consisted of masses of tubular structures associated with a filamentous matrix. The tubules were 140 Å in diameter and had well-marked cross striations with a spacing of 50 Å. The latter were interpreted as rings of a helix forming the wall of the tubule. Aggregates of identical tubules and associated matrix material were observed in the cytoplasm of infected cells. In any one cell, tubules were usually present either in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm and there was no indication that tubules migrated from one site to another.

Platinum Compounds as Stains for Electron Microscopy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
S. K. Aggarwal ◽  
P. McAllister ◽  
R. W. Wagner ◽  
B. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Human Lymphoma ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Blue Coloration

Uranyl acetate has been used as an electron stain for en bloc staining as well as for staining ultrathin sections in conjunction with various lead stains (Fig. 1). Present studies reveal that various platinum compounds also show promise as electron stains. Certain platinum compounds have been shown to be effective anti-tumor agents. Of particular interest are the compounds with either uracil or thymine as one of the ligands (cis-Pt(II)-uracil; cis-Pt(II)-thymine). These compounds are amorphous, highly soluble in water and often exhibit an intense blue coloration. These compounds show enough electron density to be used as stains for electron microscopy. Most of the studies are based on various cell lines (human AV, cells, human lymphoma cells, KB cells, Sarcoma-180 ascites cells, chick fibroblasts and HeLa cells) while studies on tissue blocks are in progress.

Localization of immunolabels by electron microscopy and image averaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
P.-Y. Sizaret ◽  
A. Verschoor ◽  
J. Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Top View ◽  
Better Than

The accuracy with which the attachment site of immunolabels bound to macromolecules may be localized in electron microscopic images can be considerably improved by using single particle averaging. The example studied in this work showed that the accuracy may be better than the resolution limit imposed by negative staining (∽2nm).The structure used for this demonstration was a halfmolecule of Limulus polyphemus (LP) hemocyanin, consisting of 24 subunits grouped into four hexamers. The top view of this structure was previously studied by image averaging and correspondence analysis. It was found to vary according to the flip or flop position of the molecule, and to the stain imbalance between diagonally opposed hexamers (“rocking effect”). These findings have recently been incorporated into a model of the full 8 × 6 molecule.LP hemocyanin contains eight different polypeptides, and antibodies specific for one, LP II, were used. Uranyl acetate was used as stain. A total of 58 molecule images (29 unlabelled, 29 labelled with antl-LPII Fab) showing the top view were digitized in the microdensitometer with a sampling distance of 50μ corresponding to 6.25nm.

Hemoglobin crystals of the red blood cells in the human renal cortex: electron microscopic observations of the renal lithiasis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ueda ◽  
Hiroto Washida ◽  
Nakazo Watari
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

IntroductionHemoglobin crystals in the red blood cells were electronmicroscopically reported by Fawcett in the cat myocardium. In the human, Lessin revealed crystal-containing cells in the periphral blood of hemoglobin C disease patients. We found the hemoglobin crystals and its agglutination in the erythrocytes in the renal cortex of the human renal lithiasis, and these patients had no hematological abnormalities or other diseases out of the renal lithiasis. Hemoglobin crystals in the human erythrocytes were confirmed to be the first case in the kidney.Material and MethodsTen cases of the human renal biopsies were performed on the operations of the seven pyelolithotomies and three ureterolithotomies. The each specimens were primarily fixed in cacodylate buffered 3. 0% glutaraldehyde and post fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethanol, and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, cut on LKB microtome, were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Cytoplasmic Invaginations in Trophoblasts and Epithelial Cells of Rat

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 524-525
Author(s):  
Iracema M. Baccarini
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nuclear Inclusions ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cervical Epithelium ◽  
Intact Membrane ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
Nuclear Features

Some morphological nuclear features (invaginations) in normal and abnormal cells have been described in several electron microscopic studies. They have been referred to by others as blebs, loops, pockets, sheets, bodies, nuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic invaginations. Identical appearing structures were found in cells of the uterine cervical epithelium, in trophoblasts of blastocysts and in trophoblasts of rat placenta.Methods. Uterine cervix (normal rats), rat placenta (9-10 days gestation) and blastocyst were placed in 3% glutarahdehyde for 3 hours. The tissue was washed in phosphate buffer for 24 hours, postfixed in 1%. buffered osmium tetroxide for 1-2 hours and embedded in epon araldite. Sections were double stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and viewed in E. M. Siemens 200.Observations. Nuclear invaginations were found in basal, parabasal and mucous cells of the cervix epithelium, in trophoblasts of blastocyst and in trophoblasts of placenta. An oval, round or elongated invagination contained heterogenously cytoplasm surrounded by a double intact membrane; usually several invaginations were found in the same nucleus.

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