Schizophrenia: comparison of 13 diagnostic systems in a cross-sectional study1

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Dollfus ◽  
M Petit ◽  
JF Menard ◽  
P Lesieur
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Residual Phase ◽  
Acute Group ◽  
Basic Language ◽  
Processing Program ◽  
Operational Systems

SummaryThe concordance and degree of overlap between 13 diagnostic systems for schizophrenia, including the five European systems of Berner, Bleuler, Langfeldt, Pull and Schneider, were evaluated in a cross-sectional study (N = 51) taking the phase of illness (acute or residual) into account. The diagnostic assessments were processed by computer using a 183-item standardised checklist and a data-processing program in GW-Basic language. The inter-rater reliability, as assessed by Kappa coefficient, was good to excellent for each diagnostic system established by this method (K from 0.5 to 1). When comparing the concordance between pairs of 13 diagnostic systems for schizophrenia in acute and residual phase groups, results showed that only two significant relationships were not influenced by the phase of illness (Carpenter x RDC; Catego x Schneider), while 24 were. These included only two relationships in the acute group (Carpenter Catego; Carpenter Schneider) and 22 links between pairs of systems in the residual group. In the acute group, no diagnosis of schizophrenia, including duration criteria such as those of DSM III-R, Feighner, Langfeldt, Pull and RDC, was linked to other systems. In the residual group, the operational systems such as Catego, DSM III-R, Feighner, Newhaven, Pull and RDC had more than five relationships with the other systems whereas the non-operational systems of Bleuler, ICD9, Langfeldt and Schneider had less than four relationships with the others. Except Pull's criteria, the European diagnostic systems, in particular Berner's and Bleuler's, seemed to differ from the others because of the few relationships displayed. The results underline the importance of taking the phase of illness into account when comparing between studies utilizing different diagnostic systems for schizophrenia. They also show the relationships between European and international diagnostic systems, insufficiently established so far.

scholarly journals Nutrition menu labelling in Terengganu: a cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitudes, perception and their relationship with healthy food choices

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573-1581
Author(s):  
Marina M. ◽  
Asma' A. ◽  
S.N.A. Jaafar ◽  
Abdul Wahab M.R. ◽  
Wan Zainal Shukri W.H.
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Consumer Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Significant Relationships

Nutrition menu labelling has been implemented in a number of restaurants in Malaysia. However, no known empirical research has focused on assessing the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) of nutrition menu labelling among consumers. Therefore, this cross -sectional study was conducted with 155 consumers (age 18 and above) from several selected cafeterias that were equipped with menu nutrition labelling to determine their KAP. Questionnaires consisting of socio-demographic, knowledge, attitude and perception of consumers on menu nutrition labelling, and consumers’ healthy food choices were given to the respondents through a self-administrated approach. The data collected were analysed using SPSS 21. The results show that respondent knowledge was predominantly moderate (54.8%), with a median score of 12 out of 25. Both the attitudes (87.1%) and perceptions (85.2%) of the respondents were mainly positive towards nutrition menu labelling. Attitude (r=0.547, p=0.001) and perception (r=0.539, p=0.001) had positive significant relationships towards healthy food choices among the respondents at p<0.05. In conclusion, most consumers have a positive attitude and perception of nutrition menu labelling and may significantly influence towards healthy food choices. Further strategies are needed to increase consumer knowledge of nutrition menu labelling to promote greater usage of this information among Malaysian consumers.

scholarly journals Hypertension and its Relation with Waist to Hip Ratio in Women Referred to Bojnurd Urban Health Centers in 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hossein Lashkardoost ◽  
Fateme Hoseyni ◽  
Elham Rabbani ◽  
Farzane Q Moqadam ◽  
Leila Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: North Khorasan province has one of the highest rates of hypertension. One of the main causes of hypertension is obesity. Obesity is one of the most important public health problems around the world as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Since a similar study was not conducted in Bojnurd, we examined the relationship between waist to hip ratio with hypertension. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on women referring to Bojnurd health centers. To analyze the data, we used t-test, chi-square, multiple logistic regression and Pearson correlation in Stata 12 software. Results: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of systolic blood pressure was 14.78% and diastolic blood pressure was 15.65%. So waist to the hips showed the highest correlation with the changes in hypertension. Conclusion: There are significant relationships between the age and the number of pregnancies with the risk of hypertension. Since a significant percentage of people are unaware of the existence of hypertension, changing diet and having regular physical activity along with social support is an important strategy.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 in Trinidad and Tobago

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azad Mohammeda ◽  
Vrijesh Tripathib ◽  
Delezia S. Singh ◽  
Lauren Ali ◽  
Ruth Mohana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Occupation Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Permanent Residents ◽  
Domain Scores

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) has affected over 250 million people globally and resulted in over 5 million deaths since it was first reported in November 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted online from July to September 2020 among nationals and permanent residents of Trinidad and Tobago (N = 812). The related questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, 11 items on knowledge, 11 items on attitude and 7 items on practice and experience. Domain scores were derived for each component (K, A and P) and independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to compare differences in scores within demographic categories. Results: The population possessed a high level of knowledge about COVID-19(0.85 ± 0.09). Attitude scores (0.54 ± 0.07) were influenced by factors such as sex, age, occupation, level of education and area of residence. Significant relationships (P<0.05) were found between demographic categories of sex, age, profession, education, geographical region and the mean domain scores. Conclusion: There was overall high level of knowledge and good practices in response to COVID-19 which suggests that the government's management approach was effective in providing information about COVID-19 and the safe practice needed to reduce spread of the virus.

scholarly journals The Association Between Occupational Factors, Depression, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Military Women in Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunji Kwon ◽  
Jeongok Park ◽  
Sue Kim ◽  
Kyung Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important concept to consider both individuals' ability to manage their daily lives and health status across the lifespan. Despite this variable's importance, there is a lack of clarification on the factors associated with HRQOL, especially for military women. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with HRQOL of military women in the Korea Army.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 196 participants who were currently within their 5-year service period. Differences in HRQOL according to general and occupational factors were analyzed using the independent t-test and analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the HRQOL of women serving as military junior officers.Results: The mean score for the physical component summary (PCS) of HRQOL was 56.0±5.8, and that for the mental component summary (MCS) of HRQOL was 47.2±10.0. For depression, the mean score was 5.4±5.2, whereas 19.4% of the participants scored more than 10 out of 27 points, which means moderate to severe. No variables showed statistically significant relationships with the PCS. However, significant relationships with the MCS were found for rank (β = -3.63, p <. 001), duty time (β = -4.93, p = .029), perceived stress (β = -0.61, p <. 001), and depression (β = -0.90, p <. 001).Conclusions: Although depression levels were not severe, it was a significant factor of HRQOL and thus the need for depression screening and regular depression management in women serving in the ROK Army to improve their HRQOL. Considering these results, nursing officers should conduct frequent testing related to mental health and take steps to manage high-risk groups. This study also contributes to the literature by providing basic data for the establishment of an appropriate health service environment and systematic health management policies.

scholarly journals Analysis of workplace violence against nursing professionals and possibilities for prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiara Bordignon ◽  
Maria Inês Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Emergency Units ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Work And Health

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate workplace violence against nursing professionals, its relationship with personal, health and work variables, and to know possibilities for prevention. Method Descriptive and cross-sectional study, with quantitative approach, conducted with 267 nursing professionals from urgency and emergency units between 2015 and 2017. The Questionnaire of socio-demographic, life style and work and health aspects and Questionnaire on Workplace violence collected data, after submitted to statistical analysis. Results 61.6% reported having been victims of verbal abuse, sexual harassment, or physical violence at work in the last 12 months. Statistically significant relationships were identified between suffering or not violence and personal, health and work variables. Possibilities for prevention were revealed and constituted a multidimensional model. Conclusion More than half of the sample reported having suffered workplace violence in the previous year, and possibilities of how to avoid it were revealed to support prevention protocols.

scholarly journals Associations of Maternal-Infant Bonding with Maternal Mental Health, Infant’s Characteristics and Socio-Demographical Variables in the Early Postpartum Period: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8517
Author(s):  
Łucja Bieleninik ◽  
Karolina Lutkiewicz ◽  
Mariusz Cieślak ◽  
Joanna Preis-Orlikowska ◽  
Mariola Bidzan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Postpartum Bonding ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: There is a continuing discussion concerning the impact of preterm birth on Maternal-Infant bonding with inconsistent results. The large burden of preterm births calls for research to evaluate the impact of it on material psychological outcome in the early postpartum period. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal postpartum bonding with maternal mental health, socio-demographical factors, and child’s characteristics. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. In total, 72 women (a mean age of 31.44 years old) of preterm infants (mean gestational age = 33.54; range 24–36) filled out socio-demographic questionnaires, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), and Parental Stress Scale (PSS) 1–3 days post-delivery; (3) Results: The results analyses have shown positive correlations between the overall result of maternal postpartum bonding with stress (p < 0.01), maternal educational level (p < 0.01), maternal age (p < 0.05) and the number of children (p < 0.01). However, there were no significant relationships between other investigated variables. The results of linear regression have revelated the important role of the overall scores in experience of stress among mothers (explaining 49% of the variability). The mediating role of maternal stress on maternal postpartum bonding was not found. That relationship of maternal postpartum bonding and maternal stress was not moderated through socio-demographic variables. (4) Conclusions: In this study mothers of prematurely born children had a good level of Maternal-Infant bonding. Maternal stress was found to be a predictor of maternal postpartum bonding among the tested variables. Surprisingly, the study results did not show significant relationships between maternal postpartum bonding and maternal mental health (depression and anxiety).

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Addiction to Social Network Among Students in Iran and its Factors Related: A Study Conducted in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Hoorieh Rahiminia ◽  
Hamid Soori ◽  
Mahdi Jafari ◽  
Soheila Khodakarim
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Social

Background: In the present era, the prevalence of addiction to social networks has shown that many users, including students, are detaching from the real world. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of addiction to the social networks among students in Iran and its related factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 on 1000 students in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire about addiction to the social networks distributed online among students. Statistical data were analyzed using Stata software version 14. Results: Generally, 462 students (44%) had addiction to social networks, of which 449 (90.04%) had slight addiction and 13 (9.96%) had severe addiction. The results showed that age (p = 0.001), type of disciplines in the treatment-related subgroup (p = 0.03) and using nerve medicine (p = 0.0001) had significant relationships with addiction to social networks. Conclusion: Considering that a high number of students in the present study are at high risk of addiction, it is suggested that educational programs should be implemented to improve the knowledge of parents and students for optimal use of social networks and raise awareness of the harmful consequences of addiction.

Perceived stress and its relationship with the body composition of undergraduate students of a medical college in Nigeria.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoola Ibifubara Aiyegbusi ◽  
Sunday Rufus Akinbo ◽  
Oluwadamilola Bolarinwa Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Relationships

Background: Stress among medical undergraduates has been reported to be on the increase with subsequent tendency towards obesity. However, the association between perceived stress and body composition has yet to be determined.Objective: This cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the relationship between perceived stress and body composition among undergraduates of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.Methods: Three hundred and twenty-nine apparently healthy undergraduates (165 males and 164 females) with ages between 17 to 35 years participated in the study. Physical characteristics such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and body composition indices were measured using standard procedures. Questionnaires were administered to assess the levels of perceived stress of the participants. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient analysis.Results: The mean stress level was low (27.33 ± 10.60). There were significant relationships between the body composition indices and perceived stress with visceral fat having the strongest relationship (p = 0.004) while BMI had the least correlation (p = 0.037). There were also significant relationships between age, gender and body composition indices. The percentage muscle mass, visceral fat, and body fat had significant relationships with the gender of the participants.Conclusion: Visceral fat, BMI, and percentage muscle mass increased with an increase in perceived stress level, and females had a lower level of perceived stress than males.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Investigation of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease in a Pakistani Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarish Noreen ◽  
Jessica DeJesus ◽  
Attya Bhatti ◽  
Christopher Loffredo ◽  
Peter John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Rural Locality

The epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the possibility of it contributing to the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have become important health concerns worldwide and in Pakistan, where the co-occurrence of T2DM and AD is becoming more frequent. To gain insights on this phenomenon, a cross-sectional study was initiated. We recruited and interviewed 820 research participants from four cities in Pakistan: 250 controls, 450 T2DM, 100 AD, and 20 with both diseases. Significant differences between groups were observed for age (p < 0.0001), urban vs. rural locality (p = 0.0472) and residing near industrial areas. The average HbA1c (%) level was 10.68 ± 2.34 in the T2DM group, and females had a lower level than males (p = 0.003). In the AD group, significant relationships existed between education and family history. Overall, the results suggest that T2DM and AD were associated with both socio-demographic and environmental factors in Pakistani participants. Detailed molecular investigations are underway in our laboratory to decipher the differential genetic pathways of the two diseases to address their increasing prevalence in this developing nation.

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