scholarly journals The antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella Typhi isolates in Italy, 1980–96

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SCUDERI ◽  
M. FANTASIA ◽  
T. NIGLIO ◽  
ITALIAN SALM–NET WORKING GROUP
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

In this paper we report the distribution of Salmonella Typhi isolates in Italy and their resistance patterns to antibiotics. The data were collected by the Italian SALM–NET surveillance system in a pilot retrospective study of the period 1980–96. Data on drug-resistance were available for 82 isolates out of 176 S. Typhi isolated in Italy. Of these 82 isolates, 32 (39%) were resistant or intermediate to 1 or more antibiotics. Eight isolates were resistant and 7 intermediate to streptomycin; 4 isolates were resistant to ampicillin alone or in association with other antibiotics; only 2 strains (1 isolated in Lombardia in 1993 and the other 1 in Lazio in 1994) were resistant to chloramphenicol, and 2 (isolated in Sardegna and Piemonte in 1995 and 1996, respectively) showed intermediate resistance to chloramphenicol. The strains showing resistance to 3 or more antibiotics were very scarce: 1 (with 5 complete resistances) was isolated in Lazio in 1994, and another 1 (with complete resistance to 10 antibiotics and intermediate resistance to 2 antibiotics) was isolated in Molise in 1988. In conclusion, besides the routine activities to control typhoid fever, an accurate and continuous surveillance is necessary in order to quickly identify multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhi strains and prevent their spread, even though their level, in our country, is still quite low.

scholarly journals Report of Antibiotic Resistance in Urban and Rural Wastewaters from West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Meesha Singh ◽  
Rupsha Karmakar ◽  
Sayak Ganguli ◽  
Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aims: This study aims at comparative identification of antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from samples collected from rural environment (LS) and urban environments (SS). Metagenomic profiling gave us insights into the microbial abundance of the two samples. This study focused on culture-based methods for complete identification of antibiotic resistant isolates and estimation of comparative antibiotic resistance among the two samples. Study Design: Untreated medical waste and anthropogenic waste disposal can lead to the propagation of different antibiotic resistant strains in wastewater environments both in urban and rural set ups which provide an insight towards this study approach mentioned in the methodology segment. Place and Duration of Study: Sewer system of a medical facility located in Purulia, India was the collection site for liquid sludge. Solid sludge and associated wastewater were collected in vicinity of a large urban medical facility from central Kolkata, India. Methodology: Physico-chemical properties were analyzed followed by microbiological and biochemical characterization. The antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay. Potent multidrug resistant isolates were identified using 16srRNA gene amplification followed by Phylogenetic profiling, using CLC Genomics workbench. Results: We observed maximum resistance in an E. coli isolate which was resistant up to 22 antibiotics. Combined data for resistance from urban and rural samples were found to exhibit 83.9% resistance to beta lactams, 85.7% to macrolides, 44.2% to fluoroquinolones, 50% to glycopeptides and cephalosporins, 35.7 % to carbapenems and sulfonamides, 28.5 % to tetracycline, and 23.8 % to aminoglycosides. Conclusion: The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria harbouring diverse resistance traits across samples indicated towards probable horizontal gene transfer across environmental niches. This study can prove to be useful to understand and map the patterns of resistance and stringently apply the counter measures related to public health practices.

scholarly journals Transmission of infectious drug resistance from animals to man

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Wells ◽  
O. B. James
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
R Factors

SUMMARYThe antibiotic resistance patterns of coliforms in faecal specimens from pigs and their human contacts were studied. The ability of the resistant coliforms to transfer their resistance in vitro to antibiotic-sensitive recipients was examined. The results showed that pigs which had received antibiotics carried more multiply-resistant, R-factor bearing coliforms than pigs which had not been given antibiotics. Human contacts of the antibiotic-treated pigs had a higher incidence of antibiotic-resistant coliforms with R-factors than human contacts of pigs which had not been given antibiotics. It is concluded that antibiotic treatment of farm, animals may lead to acquisition of antibiotic resistance by gut coliforms of man.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Archived Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Isolates in Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tichaona Sagonda ◽  
Lucy Mupfumi ◽  
Rumbidzai Manzou ◽  
Beauty Makamure ◽  
Mqondisi Tshabalala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Definition Of

We conducted a cross-sectional study of second line drug resistance patterns and genetic diversity of MDR-TB isolates archived at the BRTI-TB Laboratory, Harare, between January 2007 and December 2011. DSTs were performed for second line antituberculosis drugs. XDR-TB strains were defined as MDR-TB strains with resistance to either kanamycin and ofloxacin or capreomycin and ofloxacin. Strain types were identified by spoligotyping. No resistance to any second line drugs was shown in 73% of the isolates, with 23% resistant to one or two drugs but not meeting the definition of XDR-TB. A total of 26 shared types were identified, and 18 (69%) matched preexisting shared types in the current published spoligotype databases. Of the 11 out of 18 clustered SITs, 4 predominant (>6 isolates per shared type) were identified. The most and least abundant types were SIT 1468 (LAM 11-ZWE) with 12 (18%) isolates and SIT 53 (T1) with 6 (9%) isolates, respectively. XDR-TB strains are rare in Zimbabwe, but the high proportion of “pre-XDR-TB” strains and treatment failure cases is of concern. The genetic diversity of the MDR-TB strains showed no significant association between SITs and drug resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance in patients with chronic ear discharge awaiting surgery in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
R. R. Karn ◽  
R. Acharya ◽  
A. K. Rajbanshi ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
S. K. Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Cortical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

SETTING: Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, which offers ear surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).OBJECTIVE: In patients with CSOM awaiting surgery, to determine the 1) sociodemographic characteristics 2) bacterial isolates and their antibiotic resistance patterns and 3) characteristics of those refused surgery, including antibiotic resistance.DESIGN: A cohort study using hospital data, January 2018–January 2020.RESULTS: Of 117 patients with CSOM and awaiting surgery, 64% were in the 18–35 years age group, and 79% were cross-border from India. Of 118 bacterial isolates, 80% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 16% had Staphylococcus aureus. All isolates showed multidrug resistance to nine of the 12 antibiotics tested. The lowest antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa was for vancomycin (29%) and moxifloxacin (36%), and for S. aureus, this was vancomycin (9%) and amikacin (17%). Fourteen (12%) patients underwent surgery: myringoplasty (n = 7, 50%), cortical mastoidectomy with tympanostomy (n = 4, 29%) and modified radical mastoidectomy (n = 3, 21%). Those infected with P. aeruginosa and with resistance to over six antibiotics were significantly more likely to be refused for surgery.CONCLUSION: Patients awaiting ear surgery were predominantly infected with multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and were consequently refused surgery. This study can help inform efforts for improving surgical uptake and introducing cross-border antimicrobial resistance surveillance.

scholarly journals Inquiry into GeneXpert as a complementary MDR-TB diagnostic tool in North Korea: A follow-up study of North Korean TB drug resistance patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noori Lee ◽  
Hojeong Kwon ◽  
Yoohyun Hwang ◽  
Sungweon Ryoo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
The North ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background: This study aims to investigate the usefulness of GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) in diagnosing rifampicin (RIF) resistance among the patients in the secluded sanatoria of North Korea. This article is a follow up of a report that explored the characteristics of drug resistance in North Korean Sanatoria, published in 2017. Xpert is used as a diagnostic tool to check for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in specific areas of North Korea by the Eugene Bell Foundation (EBF). While there are other diagnostic tools are used to test for RIF resistance, there is no other feasible method to consistently test for MDR-TB in North Korea. Currently, EBF exclusively uses Xpert in tuberculosis and RIF resistance diagnosis when providing medical support for tuberculosis patients in North Korea, where there is limited international access. Methods: We performed Xpert using cultured tuberculous bacilli of North Koreans and compared the result to the corresponding phenotypic drug susceptibility tests (pDST) and rifampicin resistant-determining region sequencing (RRDR). All samples were target-sequenced at the rpoB region, where unique RIF resistance related mutations, potentially specific to North Korea, were discovered.Results: Using the RRDR sequencing as the gold standard, Xpert’s sensitivity and specificity was 94.9% and 88.0%, respectively. In addition, we discovered several rare or novel mutations among the North Korean Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.Conclusions: RIF detection in North Korea is possible using Xpert as an alternative to pDST, as this research has shown. This research is not only imperative to North Korea, but also in locations where there is limited access to conventional pDST.

scholarly journals Complement Susceptibility in Relation to Genome Sequence of RecentKlebsiella pneumoniaeIsolates from Thai Hospitals

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Loraine ◽  
Eva Heinz ◽  
Jessica De Sousa Almeida ◽  
Oleksandr Milevskyy ◽  
Supayang P. Voravuthikunchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

ABSTRACTThe capacity to resist the bactericidal action of complement (C′) is a strong but poorly understood virulence trait inKlebsiellaspp. Killing requires activation of one or more C′ pathways, assembly of C5b-9 membrane attack complexes (MACs) on the surface of the outer membrane (OM), and penetration of MACs into the target bilayer. We interrogated whole-genome sequences of 164Klebsiellaisolates from three tertiary hospitals in Thailand for genes encoding surface-located macromolecules considered to play a role in determination of C′ resistance. Most isolates (154/164) were identified asKlebsiella pneumoniae, and the collection conformed to previously established population structures and antibiotic resistance patterns. The distribution of sequence types (STs) and capsular (K) types were also typical of global populations. The majority (64%) of isolates were resistant to C′, and the remainder were either rapidly or slowly killed. All isolates carried genes encoding capsular polysaccharides (K antigens), which have been strongly linked to C′ resistance. In contrast to previous reports, there were no differences in the amount of capsule produced by C′-resistant isolates compared to C′-susceptible isolates, nor was there any correlation between serum reactivity and the presence of hypermucoviscous capsules. Similarly, there were no correlations between the presence of genes specifying lipopolysaccharide O-side chains or major OM proteins. Some virulence factors were found more frequently in C′-resistant isolates but were considered to reflect clonal ST expansion. Thus, no single gene accounts for the C′ resistance of the isolates sequenced in this study.IMPORTANCEMultidrug-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeis responsible for an increasing proportion of nosocomial infections, and emerging hypervirulentK. pneumoniaeclones now cause severe community-acquired infections in otherwise healthy individuals. These bacteria are adept at circumventing immune defenses, and most survive and grow in serum; their capacity to avoid C′-mediated destruction is correlated with their invasive potential. Killing of Gram-negative bacteria occurs following activation of the C′ cascades and stable deposition of C5b-9 MACs onto the OM. ForKlebsiella, studies with mutants and conjugants have invoked capsules, lipopolysaccharide O-side chains, and OM proteins as determinants of C′ resistance, although the precise roles of the macromolecules are unclear. In this study, we sequenced 164Klebsiellaisolates with different C′ susceptibilities to identify genes involved in resistance. We conclude that no single OM constituent can account for resistance, which is likely to depend on biophysical properties of the target bilayer.

Clinical spectrum and outcomes of patients with different resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (ICON-2022) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fivzia Herekar ◽  
Samreen Sarfaraz ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Nida Ghouri ◽  
Saba Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

Background and Objective: Unceasing rise in cases of enteric fever, in particular extensively drug resistant (XDR) strain of Salmonella enterica, has led to a growing threat, leaving only carbapenems and azithromycin as the precious option. In this regard, we determined the burden and clinical course of XDR salmonella in comparison to multidrug-resistant (MDR) and drug sensitive (DS) strains. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 1515 Salmonella Typhi (S.typhi) culture positive patients was conducted at Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi from July 2017 to December 2018. Results: During our study, we observed children at the age of 5-6 years and adults at the age of 20-22 years were the chief targets of S.typhi. Further, we witnessed a rapid shift of drug resistance from MDR to XDR over the one year of study. Almost all patients presented with fever. However other signs and symptoms like malaise, body aches, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain were more common in XDR Typhoid patients. Further, the need of hospitalization, total hospital stay and mortality was also greater for XDR typhoid patients. Conclusion: There is a crucial requirement for consolidated steps to curtail the spread of XDR Salmonella tyhi disease as its management is challenging, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5789 How to cite this:Herekar F, Sarfaraz S, Imran M, Ghouri N, Shahid S, Mahesar M. Clinical spectrum and outcomes of patients with different resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica . Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(2):356-361. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5789 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Characteristics ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeStrains Colonizing Upper Respiratory Tract of Healthy Preschool Children in Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Korona-Glowniak ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Pcr Clonality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Antibiotic resistant and invasive pneumococci may spread temporally and locally in day care centers (DCCs). We examined 267 children attending four DCCs located in the same city and 70 children staying at home in three seasons (autumn, winter, and spring) to determine prevalence, serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance patterns, and transmission of pneumococcal strains colonizing upper respiratory tract of healthy children without antipneumococcal vaccination. By pheno- and genotyping, we determined clonality of pneumococci, including drug-resistant strains. The average carriage of pneumococci in three seasons was 38.2%. 73.4% and 80.4% of the isolates belonged to serotypes present in 10- and 13-valent conjugate vaccine, respectively. Among the pneumococcal strains, 33.3% were susceptible to all antimicrobial tested and 39.2% had decreased susceptibility to penicillin. Multidrug resistance was common (35.7%); 97.5% of drug-resistant isolates represented serotypes included to 10- and 13-valent conjugate vaccine. According to BOX-PCR, clonality definitely was observed only in case of serotype 14. Multivariate analysis determined DCC attendance as strongly related to pneumococcal colonization in all three seasons, but important seasonal differences were demonstrated. In children attending DCCs, we observed dynamic turnover of pneumococcal strains, especially penicillin nonsusceptible and multidrug resistant, which were mostly distributed among serotypes included to available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

scholarly journals Irrational use of azithromycin in typhoid endemic areas: A challenge on multidrug-resistant typhoid treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Kiran Shafiq Khan ◽  
Qasim Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Junaid Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Marked Decline

Typhoid is a food-borne fatal disease caused by Salmonella typhi. It causes inflammation of the intestine, resulting in diarrhoea, fever, headache, cough, and muscle pain. Improved hygiene has resulted in a marked decline in typhoid fever cases in many developed countries. However, significant typhoid cases emerge in low and middle-income countries annually, including Pakistan. Typhoid fever accounts for a larger percentage of acute febrile illnesses in Pakistan. Azithromycin is the only effective drug used in multidrug-resistant typhoid. The emergence of drug resistance typhoid has been of more significant concern in recent years due to its irrational use of azithromycin. It is considered the last antibiotic to eradicate multidrug-resistant typhoid fever from Pakistan. In this article, we express our concern of the irrational use of azithromycin in Pakistan and its effect on typhoid in the country.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae in obtained samples from Ziaee Hospital of Ardakan, Yazd, Iran during 2016 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Sharifyazdi ◽  
Razieh Fadakarfard ◽  
Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: In recent years, due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics, drug resistance has increased in gram negative bacilli, including Klebsiella pneumoniae. Drug resistance is associated with an increase in mortality and therapeutic costs. Therefore, determination of an antibiotic resistance pattern for choosing the appropriate treatment for infections caused by this bacterium seems necessary. This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae species isolated from patients referring to Ziaee Hospital in Ardakan in 2016-2017. Materials and Methods: For this descriptive-analytic study, all positive cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients referred to Ziaee Hospital in Ardakan during 2016 to 2017, were evaluated. Antibiotic resistance patterns of the samples were determined by the standard method of propagation of the disk from 12 different antibiotics and data analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results and discussions: The results of this study, which were performed on 75 samples, showed that 22 (29.3%) were male and 53 (70.7%) were female. Klebsiella's resistance to clarithromycin was 100%, but was 100% susceptible to amikacin. The percentage of Klebsiella's resistance to ampicillin was 78.3%, cefalotin 75%, cotrimoxazole 43.9%, ceftriaxone 32%, ciprofloxacin 30.9%, cefotaxime 24%, and ampicillin 20%. The highest sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae for antibiotics was 100% for amikacin, 82.8% for meropenem and 82% for cefepime. Due to the high prevalence of resistance in Klebsiella samples, there is a need for strict measures in the administration of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance can also be reduced by choosing the appropriate antibiotic for treatment and by taking antibiotic susceptibility tests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document