scholarly journals Bidirectional pathways between psychosocial risk factors and paranoid ideation in a general nonclinical population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aino Saarinen ◽  
Niklas Granö ◽  
Mirka Hintsanen ◽  
Terho Lehtimäki ◽  
C. Robert Cloninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Predictive Relationships

Abstract We investigated (a) whether psychosocial factors (experienced stress, anticipatory worry, social detachment, sleeping disturbances, alcohol use) predict the course of paranoid ideation between the ages of 24 to 50 years and (b) whether the predictive relationships are more likely to proceed from the psychosocial factors to paranoid ideation, or vice versa. The participants (N = 1534–1553) came from the population-based Young Finns study. Paranoid ideation and psychosocial factors were assessed by reliable self-report questionnaires in 2001, 2007, and 2011/2012. The data were analyzed using growth curve and structural equation models. High experienced stress, anticipatory worry, social detachment, frequent sleeping disturbances, and frequent alcohol use predicted more paranoid ideation. More risk factors predicted increasing paranoid ideation. There were bidirectional predictive relationships of paranoid ideation with experienced stress, anticipatory worry, social detachment, and sleeping disturbances. The link between alcohol use and paranoid ideation was only correlative. In conclusion, paranoid ideation increases by reciprocal interactions with stress, worry, social detachment, and sleeping disturbances. The findings support the threat–anticipation model of paranoid ideation, providing important implications for treatment of paranoia.

scholarly journals Shared and specific genetic risk factors for lifetime major depression, depressive symptoms and neuroticism in three population-based twin samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 2745-2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Charles O. Gardner ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Steve Aggen ◽  
Andrew Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling

AbstractBackgroundVulnerability to depression can be measured in different ways. We here examine how genetic risk factors are inter-related for lifetime major depression (MD), self-report current depressive symptoms and the personality trait Neuroticism.MethodWe obtained data from three population-based adult twin samples (Virginia n = 4672, Australia #1 n = 3598 and Australia #2 n = 1878) to which we fitted a common factor model where risk for ‘broadly defined depression’ was indexed by (i) lifetime MD assessed at personal interview, (ii) depressive symptoms, and (iii) neuroticism. We examined the proportion of genetic risk for MD deriving from the common factor v. specific to MD in each sample and then analyzed them jointly. Structural equation modeling was conducted in Mx.ResultsThe best fit models in all samples included additive genetic and unique environmental effects. The proportion of genetic effects unique to lifetime MD and not shared with the broad depression common factor in the three samples were estimated as 77, 61, and 65%, respectively. A cross-sample mega-analysis model fit well and estimated that 65% of the genetic risk for MD was unique.ConclusionA large proportion of genetic risk factors for lifetime MD was not, in the samples studied, captured by a common factor for broadly defined depression utilizing MD and self-report measures of current depressive symptoms and Neuroticism. The genetic substrate for MD may reflect neurobiological processes underlying the episodic nature of its cognitive, motor and neurovegetative manifestations, which are not well indexed by current depressive symptom and neuroticism.

Measuring the Big Five in Self-Report and Other Ratings

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Barbaranelli ◽  
Gian Vittorio Caprara
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Fit Indexes ◽  
Response Modes

Summary: The aim of the study is to assess the construct validity of two different measures of the Big Five, matching two “response modes” (phrase-questionnaire and list of adjectives) and two sources of information or raters (self-report and other ratings). Two-hundred subjects, equally divided in males and females, were administered the self-report versions of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) and the Big Five Observer (BFO), a list of bipolar pairs of adjectives ( Caprara, Barbaranelli, & Borgogni, 1993 , 1994 ). Every subject was rated by six acquaintances, then aggregated by means of the same instruments used for the self-report, but worded in a third-person format. The multitrait-multimethod matrix derived from these measures was then analyzed via Structural Equation Models according to the criteria proposed by Widaman (1985) , Marsh (1989) , and Bagozzi (1994) . In particular, four different models were compared. While the global fit indexes of the models were only moderate, convergent and discriminant validities were clearly supported, and method and error variance were moderate or low.

scholarly journals A prospective longitudinal model predicting early adult alcohol problems: evidence for a robust externalizing pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Edwards ◽  
C. O. Gardner ◽  
M. Hickman ◽  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundRisk factors for alcohol problems (AP) include biological and environmental factors that are relevant across development. The pathways through which these factors are related, and how they lead to AP, are optimally considered in the context of a comprehensive developmental model.MethodUsing data from a prospectively assessed, population-based UK cohort, we constructed a structural equation model that integrated risk factors reflecting individual, family and peer/community-level constructs across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. These variables were used to predict AP at the age of 20 years.ResultsThe final model explained over 30% of the variance in liability to age 20 years AP. Most prominent in the model was an externalizing pathway to AP, with conduct problems, sensation seeking, AP at age 17.5 years and illicit substance use acting as robust predictors. In conjunction with these individual-level risk factors, familial AP, peer relationships and low parental monitoring also predicted AP. Internalizing problems were less consistently associated with AP. Some risk factors previously identified were not associated with AP in the context of this comprehensive model.ConclusionsThe etiology of young adult AP is complex, influenced by risk factors that manifest across development. The most prominent pathway to AP is via externalizing and related behaviors. These findings underscore the importance of jointly assessing both biologically influenced and environmental risk factors for AP in a developmental context.

Abstract 12385: Past Alcohol Consumption and Incident Atrial Fibrillation

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Dixit ◽  
Alvaro Alonso ◽  
Elsayed Z Soliman ◽  
Lin Y Chen ◽  
Gregory M Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dietary Intake Assessment ◽  
Aric Study

Introduction: Although current alcohol consumption appears to be a risk factor for incident atrial fibrillation (AF), limitations related to self-reported alcohol use and confounding in observational studies limit the certainty of conclusions regarding causality. Whether cessation of alcohol consumption can protect against incident AF remains unknown. Methods: We examined all participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a population-based cohort of 15,792 men and women aged 45-65, without prevalent AF. Past alcohol consumption was assessed via self-report during the baseline dietary intake assessment. Cases of incident AF were ascertained via study ECGs, hospital discharge ICD-9 codes, and death certificates. Results: Among 15,262 participants with complete survey data, 2,898 (19.0%) were former drinkers. During an average follow-up of 17.4 years, there were 380 cases of incident AF in former consumers. Both before and after adjustment for potential confounders, a longer duration of alcohol abstinence was associated with a lower risk of developing AF; previously consuming alcohol for a longer duration and consuming a greater quantity of alcohol were each associated with a higher risk of developing AF (Table). Conclusions: Among former drinkers, the number of years of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed may each confer an increased risk of AF. Given that a longer duration of abstinence was associated with a decreased risk of AF, modification of alcohol use could potentially play a role in AF prevention.

scholarly journals Self-esteem, social comparison, and Facebook use

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bergagna ◽  
Stefano Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
The Individual

Facebook use is very popular among young people, but many open issues remain regarding the individual traits that are antecedents of different behaviours enacted online. This study aimed to investigate whether the relationship between self-esteem and the amount of time on Facebook could be mediated by a tendency towards social comparison. Moreover, three different modalities of Facebook use were distinguished, i.e., social interaction, simulation, and search for relations. Because of gender differences in technology use and social comparison, the mediation models were tested separately for males and females. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire with a sample of 250 undergraduate and graduate Italian students (mean age: 22.18 years). The relations were examined empirically by means of four structural equation models. The results revealed the role of orientation to social comparison in mediating the relations between low self-esteem and some indicators of Facebook use, i.e., daily hours on Facebook and the use of Facebook for simulation. For females, the use of Facebook for social interaction was directly influenced by high self-esteem and indirectly influenced by low self-esteem. Globally, the dimension of social comparison on Facebook emerged as more important for females than for males.

scholarly journals Ship leadership, situation awareness and crew safety behavior - Pre-registered replications in two survey datasets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Sætrevik ◽  
Sigurd William Hystad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Subjective Risk

Situation awareness is often assumed to be central for safety work. A self-reported measure can measure context-general situation awareness in large datasets and test its relationships with other variables relevant for safety. A previous study (Sætrevik and Hystad, 2017, Safety Science) found that authentic leadership predicted situation awareness and self-report of committing unsafe actions. Additionally, situation awareness predicted subjective risk assessment and committing unsafe actions. The current study performed pre-registered analyzes that attempted to replicate these effects in two novel survey datasets. Both datasets replicated the associations between situation awareness and unsafe actions, and between situation awareness and subjective risk assessment. The dataset that measured leadership found it to be associated with both situation awareness and unsafe actions. The pre-registered structural equation models explained large amounts of the variance in situation awareness and unsafe actions, and medium to large amounts of the variance in subjective risk assessment. We also tested adjusted models that incorporated more of the measured items and improved the validity of the measures. The study also supports the claim that a crew member’s cognitive states are associated with safety outcomes, and that leadership qualities may facilitate this relationship. This pre-registered replication in two novel datasets demonstrates the reliability of the previously identified relationships.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with prevalence of developmental language disorders, but not rate of language or literacy growth in children from 4 to 11 years: evidence from the Surrey Communication and Language in Education Study (SCALES)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtenay Norbury ◽  
Sarah Louise Griffiths ◽  
George Vamvakas ◽  
Gillian Baird ◽  
Tony Charman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Developmental Language Disorders

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the changing prevalence of developmental language disorders at different quintiles of the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI), a measure of neighbourhood deprivation. In addition, this study investigated the long term association of IDACI rank with growth in language and literacy skills for children with and without language disorder over a six year period.Design. Prospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study.Setting. State-maintained primary schools in Surrey, England.Participants and procedure. Teachers rated the language skills of 7267 children starting a state-maintained school in 2011 (aged 4;9-5;10, 59% of all eligible children). Comprehensive language and literacy assessment was conducted with a monolingual sub-sample in Year 1 (n = 529, age 5-6), Year 3 (n = 499, age 7-8), and Year 6 (n = 384, age 10-11).Analytic methods. Logistic regression determined the association of IDACI scores and teacher-rated language proficiency. Structural Equation Models using auxiliary variables estimated the association of IDACI and prevalence of developmental Language Disorder (LD) in Year 1, and IDACI and language and literacy growth from Years 1 – 6.Results. Predicted probability of language disorder was 2.5 times greater at the 10th centile of IDACI rank (.19 [.11, .27]) versus the 90th centile (.07 [.04, .09]). IDACI rank did not associate with growth in raw scores on measures of vocabulary, grammar, or word reading. Socioeconomic gaps in vocabulary and grammar were ameliorated when language status at school entry was accounted for, but persisted for word reading. Conclusions. The association of neighbourhood disadvantage with language and literacy primarily reflects higher rates of language disorder in areas of socio-economic deprivation. Interventions that alleviate deprivation and enhance the language and literacy experiences of disadvantaged children could reduce socioeconomic attainment gaps. However, the persistence of language disorder suggests on-going support is required to attenuate personal and societal cost.

A population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KENDLER ◽  
M. C. NEALE ◽  
P. SULLIVAN ◽  
L. A. COREY ◽  
C. O. GARDNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels

Background. The development of drug dependence requires prior initiation. What is the relationship between the risk factors for initiation and dependence?Methods. Using smoking as a model addiction, we assessed smoking initiation (SI) and nicotine dependence (ND) by personal interview in 1898 female twins from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. We developed a twin structural equation model that estimates the correlation between the liability to SI and the liability to ND, given SI.Results. The liabilities to SI and ND were substantially correlated but not identical. Heritable factors played an important aetiological role in SI and in ND. While the majority of genetic risk factors for ND were shared with SI, a distinct set of familial factors, which were probably partly genetic, solely influenced the risk for ND. SI was associated with low levels of education and religiosity, high levels of neuroticism and extroversion and a history of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. ND was associated with low levels of education, extroversion, mastery, and self-esteem, high levels of neuroticism and dependency and a history of mood and alcohol use disorders.Conclusions. The aetiological factors that influence SI and ND, while overlapping, are not perfectly correlated. One set of genetic factors plays a significant aetiological role in both SI and ND, while another set of familial factors, probably in part genetic, solely influences ND. Some risk factors for SI and ND impact similarly on both stages, some act at only one stage and others impact differently and even in opposite directions at the two stages. The pathway to substance dependence is complex and involves multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.

scholarly journals Mood Disorders in Late Life: A Population-based Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences in Community-dwelling Older Adults in Ontario: Troubles de l’humeur en âge avancé : Une analyse dans la population de la prévalence, des facteurs de risque et des conséquences chez des adultes âgés vivant en milieu communautaire en Ontario

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-640
Author(s):  
Rachel Strauss ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
Richard H. Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Objective: Mental health issues in late life are a growing public health challenge as the population aged 65 and older rapidly increases worldwide. An updated understanding of the causes of mood disorders and their consequences in late life could guide interventions for this underrecognized and undertreated problem. We undertook a population-based analysis to quantify the prevalence of mood disorders in late life in Ontario, Canada, and to identify potential risk factors and consequences. Method: Individuals aged 65 or older participating in 4 cycles of a nationally representative survey were included. Self-report of a diagnosed mood disorder was used as the outcome measure. Using linked administrative data, we quantified associations between mood disorder and potential risk factors such as demographic/socioeconomic factors, substance use, and comorbidity. We also determined associations between mood disorders and 5-year outcomes including health service utilization and mortality. Results: The prevalence of mood disorders was 6.1% (4.9% among males, 7.1% among females). Statistically significant associations with mood disorders included younger age, female sex, food insecurity, chronic opioid use, smoking, and morbidity. Individuals with mood disorders had increased odds of all consequences examined, including placement in long-term care (adjusted odds ratio [OR] =2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71 to 3.02) and death (adjusted OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.63). Conclusions: Mood disorders in late life were strongly correlated with demographic and social/behavioral factors, health care use, institutionalization, and mortality. Understanding these relationships provides a basis for potential interventions to reduce the occurrence of mood disorders in late life and their consequences.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Self-Report Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6497
Author(s):  
Isabela Silva Levindo de Siqueira ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Samira Nascimento Mamed ◽  
Thays Angélica de Pinho Santos ◽  
Suiany Dias Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Region

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM) in the adult population of the Central-West region of Brazil. In 2013, a cross-sectional study using the data from the National Health Survey and comprising 7519 individuals aged ≥18 years from the Central-West region was conducted. Participants were interviewed at their homes about sociodemographic data and risk factors for DM. To verify the risk factors with DM, the Poisson regression model was used. The analyses were performed for the total sample and stratified according to sex. The prevalence of DM was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.7–7.3). The diagnosis of self-reported DM was 4.3% in men and 7.5% in women. In the global sample, it was found that age between 40–59 years and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity were independently associated with self-reported DM. In men, risk factors were: Age ≥ 60 years, self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, and obesity. In women, risk factors were: Age 30–39 years, 40–59 years, and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM was 6.5%. DM was associated with advanced age; previous smoking (former smoker), hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Some differences in risk factors between men and women were noted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document