scholarly journals Subjective Cognitive Decline Modifies the Relationship Between Cerebral Blood Flow and Memory Function in Cognitively Normal Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea C. Hays ◽  
Zvinka Z. Zlatar ◽  
Laura Campbell ◽  
M.J. Meloy ◽  
Christina E. Wierenga
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Middle Temporal

AbstractObjectives: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), or self-reported cognitive decline despite normal neuropsychological test performance, is a risk factor for objective cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While brain mechanisms contributing to SCD are not well defined, studies show associations with vascular risk factors and altered cerebral blood flow (CBF), raising the hypothesis that those with SCD might be experiencing vascular dysregulation, or a disruption in the normal relationship between CBF and cognition. We examined whether the association between CBF and verbal memory performance differs between those with SCD (SCD+) and those without SCD (SCD-). Methods: Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate whether the voxel-wise relationship between arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI-measured CBF and verbal memory performance was modified by SCD among a group of 70 cognitively normal older adults (35 SCD+, 35 SCD-; mean age=72) matched on age, gender, and symptoms of depression. Results: Results indicated that the SCD- group exhibited positive associations between verbal memory and CBF within the posterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus, whereas the SCD+ group displayed negative associations between verbal memory and CBF within the posterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Conclusions: Findings suggest that, while higher CBF is supportive of memory function in those without SCD, higher CBF may no longer support memory function in those presenting with SCD, perhaps reflecting neurovascular dysregulation. (JINS, 2018, 24, 213–223)

Subjective Cognitive Decline and its Relation to Verbal Memory and Sex in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals from a Colombian Cohort with Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jairo E. Martinez ◽  
Enmanuelle Pardilla-Delgado ◽  
Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez ◽  
Clara Vila-Castelar ◽  
Rebecca Amariglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Study Partner

Abstract Objective: Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) may be an early indicator of risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Findings regarding sex differences in SCD are inconsistent. Studying sex differences in SCD within cognitively unimpaired individuals with autosomal-dominant AD (ADAD), who will develop dementia, may inform sex-related SCD variations in preclinical AD. We examined sex differences in SCD within cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers from the world’s largest ADAD kindred and sex differences in the relationship between SCD and memory performance. Methods: We included 310 cognitively unimpaired Presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) E280A mutation carriers (51% females) and 1998 noncarrier family members (56% females) in the study. Subjects and their study partners completed SCD questionnaires and the CERAD word list delayed recall test. ANCOVAs were conducted to examine group differences in SCD, sex, and memory performance. In carriers, partial correlations were used to examine associations between SCD and memory performance covarying for education. Results: Females in both groups had greater self-reported and study partner-reported SCD than males (all p < 0.001). In female mutation carriers, greater self-reported (p = 0.02) and study partner-reported SCD (p < 0.001) were associated with worse verbal memory. In male mutation carriers, greater self-reported (p = 0.03), but not study partner-reported SCD (p = 0.11) was associated with worse verbal memory. Conclusions: Study partner-reported SCD may be a stronger indicator of memory decline in females versus males in individuals at risk for developing dementia. Future studies with independent samples and preclinical trials should consider sex differences when recruiting based on SCD criteria.

scholarly journals IN VIVO ASSESSMENT OF AMYLOID AND GLUCOSE SIGNATURES IN SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE SUBJECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140018
Author(s):  
XIAOFENG YU ◽  
ZHILONG ZHU ◽  
SHUZHAN ZHENG ◽  
JIAN JIANG ◽  
JUANJUAN JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Heschl Gyrus

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), characterized by self-perceived subtle cognitive impairment ahead of the appearance of explicit and measurable cognitive deficits, is regarded as the preclinical manifestation of the pathological change continuum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We were committed to exploring the amyloid and glucose metabolic signatures related to imminent brain metabolic changes in SCD subjects. This study included 39 subjects (mean age = 71.9 years; 14 males and 25 females) diagnosed with SCD disease and 39 gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) (mean age = 75.2; 16 males and 23 females) with brain [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) images and [18F] florbetapir PET images. The standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) of PET images within the regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated. Inter-group SUVR differences were assessed by two-sample [Formula: see text]-testing and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. A generalized linear model (GLM) was employed to evaluate the correlations between amyloid and FDG uptake. Compared with HCs, SCD subjects showed significantly increased amyloid SUVR, as well as significantly increased glucose SUVR in the olfactory, amygdala, thalamus, heschl gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyrus and temporal pole (all [Formula: see text]). The amyloid SUVR of thalamus was found to have a better ROC result (area under the curve (AUC): 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66–0.86) in the HC group, as was the case with the glucose SUVR of the middle temporal gyrus (AUC: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.91). There were significant positive correlations between amyloid and glucose SUVRs ([Formula: see text]). The amyloid SUVR of the thalamus showed a significantly better main effect (odd ratio [Formula: see text] 2.91, 95% CI: 1.44–6.7, [Formula: see text]), and the glucose SUVR of the heschl gyrus indicated an enhanced main effect (odd ratio [Formula: see text] 5.08, 95% CI: 1.86–18.15, [Formula: see text]). SCD subjects demonstrated significant amyloid accumulation and glucose hypermetabolism in specific brain regions, and amyloid pathology overlapped with regions of glucose abnormality. These findings may advance the understanding of imminent pathological changes in the SCD stage and help to provide clinical guidelines for interventional management.

Difference in Amyloid Load Between Single Memory Domain and Multidomain Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Study from the SILCODE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xiaoqi Wang ◽  
Qiuhui Bi ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Piu Chan ◽  
Xiaochen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Load ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), an at-risk condition of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), can involve various cognitive domains, such as memory, language, planning, and attention. Objective: We aims to explore the differences in amyloid load between the single memory domain SCD (sd-SCD) and the multidomain SCD (md-SCD) and assess the relationship of amyloid pathology with quantitative SCD scores and objective cognition. Methods: A total of 63 SCD participants from the SILCODE study underwent the clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, and 18F-florbetapir PET scan. Global amyloid standard uptake value ratio (SUVr) was calculated. Additionally, regional amyloid SUVr was quantified in 12 brain regions of interests. A nonparametric rank ANCOVA was used to compare the global and regional amyloid SUVr between the md-SCD (n = 34) and sd-SCD (n = 29) groups. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to test the relationship of amyloid SUVr with quantitative SCD scores and objective cognition. Results: Compared with individuals with sd-SCD, individuals with md-SCD had increased global amyloid SUVr (F = 5.033, p = 0.029) and regional amyloid SUVr in the left middle temporal gyrus (F = 12.309, p = 0.001; Bonferroni corrected), after controlling for the effects of age, sex, and education. When pooling all SCD participants together, the increased global amyloid SUVr was related with higher SCD-plus sum scores and lower Auditory Verbal Learning Test-delayed recall scores. Conclusion: According to our findings, individuals with md-SCD showed higher amyloid accumulation than individuals with sd-SCD, suggesting that md-SCD may experience a more advanced stage of SCD. Additionally, increased global amyloid load was predictive of a poorer episodic memory function in SCD individuals.

scholarly journals Glucose metabolism in the right middle temporal gyrus could be a potential biomarker for subjective cognitive decline: a study of a Han population

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Yue Dong ◽  
Tao-Ran Li ◽  
Xue-Yan Jiang ◽  
Xiao-Ni Wang ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Abstract Introduction Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) represents a cognitively normal state but at an increased risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recognizing the glucose metabolic biomarkers of SCD could facilitate the location of areas with metabolic changes at an ultra-early stage. The objective of this study was to explore glucose metabolic biomarkers of SCD at the region of interest (ROI) level. Methods This study was based on cohorts from two tertiary medical centers, and it was part of the SILCODE project (NCT03370744). Twenty-six normal control (NC) cases and 32 SCD cases were in cohort 1; 36 NCs, 23 cases of SCD, 32 cases of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCIs), 32 cases of AD dementia (ADDs), and 22 cases of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) were in cohort 2. Each subject underwent [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and subjects from cohort 1 additionally underwent amyloid-PET scanning. The ROI analysis was based on the Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) template; multiple permutation tests and repeated cross-validations were conducted to determine the metabolic differences between NC and SCD cases. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the capabilities of potential glucose metabolic biomarkers in distinguishing different groups. Pearson correlation analysis was also performed to explore the correlation between glucose metabolic biomarkers and neuropsychological scales or amyloid deposition. Results Only the right middle temporal gyrus (RMTG) passed the methodological verification, and its metabolic levels were correlated with the degrees of complaints (R = − 0.239, p = 0.009), depression (R = − 0.200, p = 0.030), and abilities of delayed memory (R = 0.207, p = 0.025), and were weakly correlated with cortical amyloid deposition (R = − 0.246, p = 0.066). Furthermore, RMTG metabolism gradually decreased across the cognitive continuum, and its diagnostic efficiency was comparable (NC vs. ADD, aMCI, or DLB) or even superior (NC vs. SCD) to that of the metabolism of the posterior cingulate cortex or precuneus. Conclusions These findings suggest that the hypometabolism of RMTG could be a typical feature of SCD, and the large-scale hypometabolism in patients with symptomatic stages of AD may start from the RMTG, which gradually progresses starting in the preclinical stage. The specificity of identifying SCD from the perspective of self-perceived symptoms is likely to be increased by the detection of RMTG metabolism.

The Association Between Homocysteine and Memory in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Monica E. Nelson ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Zuzana Nedelska ◽  
Julie Martinkova ◽  
Katerina Cechova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline

Background: Identifying modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline can reduce burden of dementia. Objective: We examined whether homocysteine was associated with memory performance, mediated by entorhinal volume, hippocampal volume, total gray matter volume, or white matter lesions, and moderated by APOE ɛ4 allele, B vitamins, creatinine, total cholesterol, or triglycerides. Methods: All 204 members of the Czech Brain Aging Study with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 60) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n = 144) who had valid data were included. Linear regression was used, followed by conditional process modeling to examine mediation and moderation. Results: Controlling for age, sex, and education, higher homocysteine was related to poorer memory performance overall (b = –0.03, SE = 0.01, p = 0.017) and in participants with SCD (b = –0.06, SE = 0.03, p = 0.029), but less so in aMCI (b = –0.03, SE = 0.02, p = 0.074); though sensitivity analyses revealed a significant association when sample was reduced to aMCI patients with more complete cognitive data (who were also better functioning; b = –0.04, SE = 0.02, p = 0.022). Results were unchanged in fully adjusted models. Neither mediation by markers of brain integrity nor moderation by APOE ɛ4, B vitamins, creatinine, and cardiovascular factors were significant. Memory sub-analyses revealed that results for SCD were likely driven by non-verbal memory. The homocysteine-memory relationship was significant when hippocampal volume was below the median (b = –0.04, SE = 0.02, p = 0.046), but not at/above the median (p = 0.247). Conclusion: Higher homocysteine levels may adversely influence memory performance, particularly in those without cognitive impairment. Results appear to be independent of brain health, suggesting that homocysteine may represent a good target for intervention.

scholarly journals Lower functional hippocampal redundancy in mild cognitive impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Langella ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Usman Sadiq ◽  
Peter J. Mucha ◽  
Kelly S. Giovanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWith an increasing prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in response to an aging population, it is critical to identify and understand neuroprotective mechanisms against cognitive decline. One potential mechanism is redundancy: the existence of duplicate elements within a system that provide alternative functionality in case of failure. As the hippocampus is one of the earliest sites affected by AD pathology, we hypothesized that functional hippocampal redundancy is protective against cognitive decline. We compared hippocampal functional redundancy derived from resting-state functional MRI networks in cognitively normal older adults, with individuals with early and late MCI, as well as the relationship between redundancy and cognition. Posterior hippocampal redundancy was reduced between cognitively normal and MCI groups, plateauing across early and late MCI. Higher hippocampal redundancy was related to better memory performance only for cognitively normal individuals. Critically, functional hippocampal redundancy did not come at the expense of network efficiency. Our results provide support that hippocampal redundancy protects against cognitive decline in aging.

P2-342: Thinner Cortical Thickness in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline is Related to Poor Memory Performance and Faster Decline of Executive Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P774-P774
Author(s):  
Sander C.J. Verfaillie ◽  
Rosalinde E.R. Slot ◽  
Betty M. Tijms ◽  
Femke H. Bouwman ◽  
Marije Benedictus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Poor Memory

scholarly journals Protocols for cognitive enhancement. A user manual for Brain Health Services—part 5 of 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brioschi Guevara ◽  
Melanie Bieler ◽  
Daniele Altomare ◽  
Marcelo Berthier ◽  
Chantal Csajka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Strategic Learning

AbstractCognitive complaints in the absence of objective cognitive impairment, observed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), are common in old age. The first step to postpone cognitive decline is to use techniques known to improve cognition, i.e., cognitive enhancement techniques.We aimed to provide clinical recommendations to improve cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals, by using cognitive, mental, or physical training (CMPT), non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), drugs, or nutrients. We made a systematic review of CMPT studies based on the GRADE method rating the strength of evidence.CMPT have clinically relevant effects on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. The quality of evidence supporting the improvement of outcomes following a CMPT was high for metamemory; moderate for executive functions, attention, global cognition, and generalization in daily life; and low for objective memory, subjective memory, motivation, mood, and quality of life, as well as a transfer to other cognitive functions. Regarding specific interventions, CMPT based on repeated practice (e.g., video games or mindfulness, but not physical training) improved attention and executive functions significantly, while CMPT based on strategic learning significantly improved objective memory.We found encouraging evidence supporting the potential effect of NIBS in improving memory performance, and reducing the perception of self-perceived memory decline in SCD. Yet, the high heterogeneity of stimulation protocols in the different studies prevent the issuing of clear-cut recommendations for implementation in a clinical setting. No conclusive argument was found to recommend any of the main pharmacological cognitive enhancement drugs (“smart drugs”, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, antidepressant) or herbal extracts (Panax ginseng, Gingko biloba, and Bacopa monnieri) in people without cognitive impairment.Altogether, this systematic review provides evidence for CMPT to improve cognition, encouraging results for NIBS although more studies are needed, while it does not support the use of drugs or nutrients.

scholarly journals Subjective cognitive decline in cognitively normal elders from the community or from a memory clinic: Differential affective and imaging correlates

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Perrotin ◽  
Renaud La Joie ◽  
Vincent de La Sayette ◽  
Louisa Barré ◽  
Florence Mézenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Community Or

Memory Effects of Speech and Gesture Binding: Cortical and Hippocampal Activation in Relation to Subsequent Memory Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Straube ◽  
Antonia Green ◽  
Susanne Weis ◽  
Anjan Chatterjee ◽  
Tilo Kircher
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Fmri Session ◽  
Abstract Content

In human face-to-face communication, the content of speech is often illustrated by coverbal gestures. Behavioral evidence suggests that gestures provide advantages in the comprehension and memory of speech. Yet, how the human brain integrates abstract auditory and visual information into a common representation is not known. Our study investigates the neural basis of memory for bimodal speech and gesture representations. In this fMRI study, 12 participants were presented with video clips showing an actor performing meaningful metaphoric gestures (MG), unrelated, free gestures (FG), and no arm and hand movements (NG) accompanying sentences with an abstract content. After the fMRI session, the participants performed a recognition task. Behaviorally, the participants showed the highest hit rate for sentences accompanied by meaningful metaphoric gestures. Despite comparable old/new discrimination performances (d′) for the three conditions, we obtained distinct memory-related left-hemispheric activations in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the premotor cortex (BA 6), and the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), as well as significant correlations between hippocampal activation and memory performance in the metaphoric gesture condition. In contrast, unrelated speech and gesture information (FG) was processed in areas of the left occipito-temporal and cerebellar region and the right IFG just like the no-gesture condition (NG). We propose that the specific left-lateralized activation pattern for the metaphoric speech–gesture sentences reflects semantic integration of speech and gestures. These results provide novel evidence about the neural integration of abstract speech and gestures as it contributes to subsequent memory performance.

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