Traditional property rights, common property, and mobility in semi-arid African pastoralist systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHAEL E. GOODHUE ◽  
NANCY McCARTHY
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Property System ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTTraditional pastoralist land management institutions in sub-Saharan Africa have been stressed by an increasing human population and related forces, including private enclosure of grazing land; government-sponsored privatization; and the increasing prevalence of violent conflicts and livestock theft. We model the incompleteness and flexibility of traditional grazing rights using fuzzy set theory. We compare individual and social welfare under the traditional system to individual and social welfare under a private property system and a common property system. Whether the traditional system is preferred to private property depends on whether the value of mobility, as defined by the traditional system, is more valuable than the right of exclusion inherent in private property. We find that under some conditions the imprecision which characterizes traditional rights can result in higher social returns than a common property regime characterized by complete symmetric rights across all members of the user group and complete exclusion of non-members.

The Right to Political Participation in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-161
Author(s):  
Christof Heyns ◽  
Charles Fombad ◽  
Pansy Tlakula ◽  
Jimmy Kainja
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
The People ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Right

The effective realisation of the right to political participation is essential for the legitimacy of political systems and for enabling the people to shape, and assume responsibility for, their lives. Although the right to political participation is recognised in article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well as in other international treaties, its realisation in practice is often partial, it depends on the extent to which numerous interrelated rights, such as those to freedom of expression, access to information and peaceful protest, have been secured. Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, this article examines the right to political participation as set out in national constitutions and in the instruments of the United Nations, the African Union and sub-regional bodies. It also considers the role of social media in this context. The article concludes by suggesting how this crucial right could be implemented more effectively in Africa.

scholarly journals Melanoma of the Right Foot Simulating Kaposi’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
K. A. Kouassi ◽  
K. Kassi ◽  
K. Kouamé ◽  
M. A. Oussou ◽  
I. Kouassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Partial Resection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Visceral Metastasis ◽  
Atypical Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Melanoma is a malignant tumor rarely being described in sub-Saharan Africa. We reported an unusual and atypical clinical presentation. It was a 59-year-old patient who was hospitalized for a monomelic black tumor evolving for 10 years. Histopathological examination confirmed the melanocytic origin of this tumor. Paraclinical assessment did not find any visceral metastasis. A partial resection of the tumor was performed. The patient left the hospital against medical consent due to lack of technical facilities. The delay in the consultation and the lack of knowledge of melanoma by doctors and patients might contribute to the severity and the difficulties of its management.

A New Era of Customary Property Rights? – Liberia’s Land and Forest Legislation in Light of the Indigenous Right to Self-Determination

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-462
Author(s):  
Ricarda Rösch
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Forest Legislation ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
The Right

After the end of Liberia’s civil war in 2003, the country embarked upon the reform of its forest and land legislation. This culminated in the adoption of the 2009 Community Rights Law with Respect to Forest Lands and the 2018 Land Rights Act, which NGOs and donors have described as being amongst the most progressive laws in sub-Saharan Africa with regard to the recognition of customary land tenure. Given these actors commitment to human rights, this article takes the indigenous right to self-determination as a starting point for analysing customary property rights and their implementation in Liberia. This includes the examination of the Liberian concept of the 1) recognition and nature of customary land rights, 2) customary ownership of natural resources, 3) jurisdiction over customary land, 4) the prohibition of forcible removal, and 5) the right to free, prior and informed consent.

Special Economic Zones in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 1007-1023
Author(s):  
Douglas Zhihua Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Industrial Transfer ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Zones

SEZs can be an effective catalyst for industrialization and structural transformation for developing countries if implemented properly in the right context. However, the performance of SEZs is mixed globally, with East Asia outperforming other regions in general. In sub-Saharan Africa, with the rapid industrial transfer wave of recent years and inspiration from the East Asian success, countries have shown renewed interest in this policy instrument. This chapter provides an overview and an in-depth analysis of Africa’s SEZ experiences through thirteen case examples, identifies the key drivers of SEZs’ success, and draws useful lessons which can be applicable to other developing countries.

The social welfare impact of privatisation in sub‐Saharan Africa: A discussion

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-149
Author(s):  
Charles C. Okeahalam ◽  
Royson M. Mukwena
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sub Saharan

Mills' Doubts about Freedom under Socialism

1979 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 231-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Arneson
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Private Property ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
Property System ◽  
The Right

John Stuart Mill is one of the very few philosophical representatives of the liberal political tradition to have given a detailed and sympathetic examination of the socialist critique of private property. While endorsing many of the extreme criticisms of the existing property system that serve as premises in arguments for socialism, Mill is definitely opposed to recommending socialism as an expedient for the present and inclined to be skeptical of the idea that at some future time socialism will be the right form of social organization. Prominent among the various reasons which incline Mill to this skepticism is a concern that socialism poses a threat to individual liberty. That concern I propose to examine in this essay.

scholarly journals Child, parent, and healthcare professionals’ perspectives on HIV infection status disclosure to children

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Gachanja ◽  
Gary J Burkholder ◽  
Aimee Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Art Consumption ◽  
The Right ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

Background. HIV disclosure is a challenging process for parents and healthcare professionals. The majority of HIV-infected persons live in Sub-Saharan Africa where HIV disclosure guidelines for a parent's and a child's illness are nonexistent. While there are two theoretical models of HIV disclosure, their utility in explaining disclosure in African cultures is largely unknown. Methods. This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted in Kenya to describe the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their children during the disclosure process. Thirty four participants consisting of 16 HIV-positive parents, 7 HIV-positive children, 5 HIV-negative children, and 6 healthcare professionals were engaged in in-depth, semistructured interviews. Interview data were analyzed using the modified Van Kaam method. Results. HIV disclosure is a complex process involving factors such as a parent's and child's state of health, ART consumption, stigma/discrimination, and sexuality concerns. Parents take years to prepare for and perform disclosure of theirs and/or their children's illnesses to their infected and noninfected children. They perform disclosure when they feel ready in stages, based on the birth order of their children, the perception of “the right time,” the child's understanding and maturity level, and whose illness(es) they intend to disclose at the time of disclosure. Conclusion. HIV disclosure is challenging and each disclosure session performed is planned and geared to the particular child receiving disclosure. Parents and healthcare professionals are challenged by disclosure and can benefit from creation of HIV disclosure guidelines accompanied by culturally sensitive manuals and training programs aimed at parents and healthcare professionals to ease the process of disclosure.

scholarly journals Institutions and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries: The Effect of Investment Climate Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 1706-1730
Author(s):  
Nyemb Pagbe Rémi Degourmond
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Composite Indices ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

This paper assesses the impact of investment climate quality on economic growth for a sample of 21 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), over the period 1996-2014. The investment climate is measured simultaneously by individual components and composite indices, in order to capture both its global and specific effects, with a view to possibly identifying the most determining factors in the economic growth of SSA countries. In addition, in order to verify the robustness of our results, two composite indices of investment climate were constructed using the Principal Component Analysis method, with variables from two main databases (the World Governance Indicators database of World Bank and the International Country Risk Guide database).By using fixed and random effects models based on Hausman test results, we generally find that investment climate is a major determinant of economic growth in the countries of the SSA of the study sample. This result is valid regardless of the composite index or the individual component considered. Fight against corruption, protection of private property rights, efficiency of government, the quality of bureaucracy and regulation appear to be the most decisive components in accelerating economic growth for the sample of country considered.

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