Self-reported mental health status of donor sperm-conceived adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Damian H. Adams ◽  
Adam Gerace ◽  
Michael J. Davies ◽  
Sheryl de Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Donor Sperm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Disease

Abstract While donor-conceived children have similar mental health outcomes compared to spontaneously conceived children, there is an inconsistency between studies investigating mental health outcomes of donor-conceived people in adulthood. This study is an online health survey that was completed by 272 donor sperm-conceived adults and 877 spontaneously conceived adults from around the world. Donor sperm-conceived adults had increased diagnoses of attention deficit disorder (P = 0.004), and autism (P = 0.044) in comparison to those conceived spontaneously. Donor sperm-conceived adults self-reported increased incidences of seeing a mental health professional (P < 0.001), identity formation problems (P < 0.001), learning difficulties (P < 0.001), panic attacks (P = 0.038), recurrent nightmares (sperm P = 0.038), and alcohol/drug dependency (P = 0.037). DASS-21 analysis revealed that donor sperm-conceived adults were also more stressed than those conceived spontaneously (P = 0.013). Both donor sperm and spontaneously conceived cohorts were matched for sex, age, height, alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, own fertility, and maternal smoking. The increase in adverse mental health outcomes is consistent with some studies of donor-conceived adult mental health outcomes. These results are also consistent with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) phenomenon that has linked adverse perinatal outcomes, which have been observed in donor-conceived neonates, to increased risk of chronic disease, including mental health. Further work is required to reconcile our observations in adults to contrary observations reported in donor-conceived children.

scholarly journals Social services Interventions and the Mental Health and Mortality of care leavers: a population based data linkage study in Northern Ireland and Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aideen Maguire ◽  
Anne Kouvonen ◽  
Dermot O'Reilly ◽  
Hanna Remes ◽  
Joonas Pitkänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Care Intervention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundResearch has highlighted the poor mental health of looked after children compared to those never in care. However, little is known on what becomes of these children and their mental health trajectories after they leave the care of social services. In addition, previous studies are limited in their ability to differentiate between type of social care intervention received; kinship care, foster care or residential care. AimTo utilise nationwide social services data from two countries (Northern Ireland (NI) and Finland), with similar populations but different intervention policies, linked to a range of demographic and health datasets to examine the mental health outcomes of young adults in the years following leaving care. MethodsData from both countries on children born 1991-2000 were linked to social services data, hospital admissions, prescribed medication data and death records. Mental health outcomes were defined after the age of 18years (when statutory care provision ends) examined by care intervention and included admissions to psychiatric hospital, for self-harm and death by suicide. ResultsThe gender split in care in Finland is reflective of the population but more males are in care in NI. Initial results from Finnish data suggest those exposed to care in childhood have an increased risk of self-harm, psychiatric hospital admission and suicide after the age of 18years compared to those never in care. After adjusting for gender, age of entry to care and deprivation at birth those exposed to any care intervention had 3 times the risk of suicide (HR=3.06, 95% CI 1.18,7.98). Risk increased with duration in care but was equivalent across care intervention types. Analysis on the NI data is underway. ConclusionFull results will be available December 2019 and will explore which care pathways are most associated with poor mental health outcomes informing discussion around intervention opportunities and policy.

Association Between Overt and Subtle Experiences of Discrimination and Violence and Mental Health in Homosexual and Bisexual Men in Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989842
Author(s):  
Juan C. Mendoza-Perez ◽  
Luis Ortiz-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Bisexual

The aim of this study was to determine whether the experiences of direct or subtle forms of discrimination and violence are associated with mental health in Mexican gay, homosexual, and bisexual (GHB) men. A cross-sectional survey was conducted online; the sample consisted of 4,827 GHB men. Ten forms of overt and subtle sexual orientation–based discrimination and violence (SO-DV) were assessed. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SO-DV experiences and mental health outcomes. Physical violence was reported less frequently than the other forms of SO-DV. As the number of settings in which SO-DV were experienced increased, a stronger association with negative mental health outcomes was observed. Experiences of subtle SO-DV were associated with increased distress, lower vitality, and increased risk of suicidal ideation. Disapproval of gender nonconformity was associated with negative mental health outcomes independently of violence based on sexual orientation. Subtle forms of SO-DV are more common than direct and overt forms. Both types of SO-DV could negatively affect mental health. Studies investigating these negative experiences are required to gain an understanding of the health inequalities faced by non-heterosexual populations.

scholarly journals Mental health benefits of interactions with nature in children and teenagers: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 958-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Tillmann ◽  
Danielle Tobin ◽  
William Avison ◽  
Jason Gilliland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Study Designs

BackgroundIt is commonly believed that nature has positive impacts on children’s health, including physical, mental and social dimensions. This review focuses on how accessibility to, exposure to and engagement with nature affects the mental health of children and teenagers.MethodsTen academic databases were used to systematically search and identify primary research papers in English or French from 1990 to 1 March 2017. Papers were included for review based on their incorporation of nature, children and teenagers (0–18 years), quantitative results and focus on mental health.ResultsOf the 35 papers included in the review, the majority focused on emotional well-being and attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity disorder. Other outcome measures included overall mental health, self-esteem, stress, resilience, depression and health-related quality of life. About half of all reported findings revealed statistically significant positive relationships between nature and mental health outcomes and almost half reported no statistical significance.ConclusionsFindings support the contention that nature positively influences mental health; however, in most cases, additional research with more rigorous study designs and objective measures of both nature and mental health outcomes are needed to confirm statistically significant relationships. Existing evidence is limited by the cross-sectional nature of most papers.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Mental Health Outcomes among Low Income, Minority Cohorts during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Kodukula ◽  
Amy Han
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

Objective:   To examine the impact of the COVID-19 shutdowns on food insecurity and mental health outcomes among low income, minority communities in Northwest Indiana.    Methods:   Surveys were distributed to 160 households during the Northwest Indiana food bank distribution hours to assess food security mental health status. The survey assessed participant food security through questions adapted from the USDA food security survey module. Participant anxiety, depression, and stress scores were aggregated from questions adapted from the PHQ-4. A multiple logit regression model was utilized to estimate the risk associated with food security status and the surveyed variables. Anecdotal evidence was also collected to understand pandemic specific factors impacting participant food security.     Results:   Food insecurity was linked to significantly increased risk of anxiety, depression and stress. Those who identify to be food insecure have an 811 % increased risk of anxiety, 411% increased risk of depression, and 535% increased risk of stress compared to those who are food secure. In addition, a significant correlation exists between median household income and poor mental health. Anecdotal evidence identifies poor job security, food distributions, and support networks as exacerbating factors towards participant’s declining mental health.     Conclusions:   Our findings highlights the exacerbated impact the pandemic has had on the food security and mental health of vulnerable populations. In the light of these results and anecdotal feedback, public health measures must focus on getting increased funding towards local food banks to increase the frequency of mobile distribution markets coupled with direct subsidies to allow for food purchases, especially for those households with children. Given its impact on mental health, food insecurity status should regularly be screened by physicians access to the right resources must be provided for those screening as high risk.   

Systematic Review of Displacement and Health Impact From Natural Disasters in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Jang ◽  
Yuko Ekyalongo ◽  
Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
2004 Tsunami

ABSTRACT Disaster-induced displacement is associated with an increased risk of physical and mental health disorders. We aim to understand (1) the magnitude and pattern of natural disasters, affected-population, and deaths by analyzing the surveillance data by the Emergency Events Database and (2) health outcomes by a systematic review of previous studies (1975–2017), which reported physical or mental health outcomes and epidemiological measure of association among population displaced by natural disasters in Southeast Asia. A total of 674 disasters, mainly floods, storms, and earthquakes, occurred between 2004 and 2017. From the systematic review, among 6 studies met inclusion criteria, which focused on mental health (n = 5) and physical health (n = 1). All studies describing mental health resulted from the 2004 tsunami in Ache, Indonesia. We found over 7 times more publications for the disasters in Far East Asia. Selected studies revealed significantly worse mental health outcomes and poor physical health among displaced population compared with nondisplaced population. Despite the alarmingly large population displaced by natural disasters in Southeast Asia, very few studies investigate physical and mental health outcomes of such crisis. Following the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, researcher and policy-makers have to present more resources toward preventing and mitigating health outcomes.

Prenatal alcohol exposure and developmental programming of mental illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle J. Burgess ◽  
Karen M. Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol

AbstractIt is well established that high-dose alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases the risk for a plethora of adverse offspring outcomes. These include neurodevelopmental, cognitive and social deficits, as well as psychiatric illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. However, much less evidence is available on the effects of low- and early-dose alcohol exposure on mental health outcomes, regardless of the accumulating evidence that mental health outcomes should be considered in the context of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. This review will discuss the evidence that indicates low-dose and early prenatal alcohol exposure can increase the risk of mental illness in offspring and discuss the mechanistic pathways that may be involved.

scholarly journals Age at entry to UK military service and long-term mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2021-001786
Author(s):  
Beverly P Bergman ◽  
DF Mackay ◽  
NT Fear ◽  
JP Pell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionIt has been suggested that ‘junior entry’ to the UK Armed Forces (prior to age 17.5 years) increases the risk of adverse mental health outcomes. We used data from a large cohort of veterans to examine long-term mental health outcomes in veterans by age at entry to the UK Armed Forces, compared with non-veterans.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 78 157 veterans in Scotland, born between 1945 and 1995 and and 252 637 matched non-veterans, with up to 37 years follow-up, using Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between veteran status and cumulative risk of major mental health disorder, stratified by birth cohort, and age at recruitment for the veterans.ResultsThe risk of mental health disorder in the veterans increased with age at entry, ranging from HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.18, p<0.001 for junior entrants to HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.80, p<0.001 for those aged 20–25 years at entry. The pattern was most marked for veterans born before 1960, and age at recruitment had little impact in recent birth cohorts. Post-traumatic stress disorder accounted for most of the observed differences. Younger age at recruitment was associated with longer service, median 7.4 years (IQR 3.0–14.7) compared with 5.6 years (IQR 2.1–11.7) for entrants aged 20–25 years.ConclusionWe found no evidence that early recruitment is associated with adverse impact on long-term mental health. Paradoxically, it was veterans who entered service at age 20–25 years who demonstrated increased risk, although this attenuated in more recent birth cohorts.

scholarly journals Role of pre-existing adversity and child maltreatment on mental health outcomes for children involved in child protection: population-based data linkage study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029675
Author(s):  
Miriam Jennifer Maclean ◽  
Scott Anthony Sims ◽  
Melissa O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Outcomes For Children

ObjectivesTo determine mental health outcomes for children with a history of child protection system involvement, accounting for pre-existing adversity, and to examine variation in risk across diagnostic groupings and child protection subgroups.DesignA longitudinal, population-based record-linkage study.ParticipantsAll children in Western Australia (WA) with birth records between 1990 and 2009.Outcome measuresMental health diagnoses, mental health contacts and any mental health event ascertained from International Classification of Diseases codes within WA’s Hospital Morbidity Data Collection and Mental Health Information System from birth until 2013.ResultsCompared with children without child protection contact, children with substantiated maltreatment had higher prevalence of mental health events (37.4% vs 5.9%) and diagnoses (20% vs 3.6%). After adjusting for background risks, all maltreatment types were associated with an almost twofold to almost threefold increased hazard for mental health events. Multivariate analysis also showed mental health events were elevated across all child protection groups, ranging from HR: 3.54 (95% CI 3.28 to 3.82) for children who had entered care to HR: 2.31 (95% CI 2.18 to 2.46) for unsubstantiated allegations. Maternal mental health, aboriginality, young maternal age and living in socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods were all associated with an increased likelihood of mental health events. The increase varied across diagnostic categories, with particularly increased risk for personality disorder, and frequent comorbidity of mental health and substance abuse disorders.ConclusionsYoung people who have been involved in the child protection system are at increased risk for mental health events and diagnoses. These findings emphasise the importance of services and supports to improve mental health outcomes in this vulnerable population. Adversities in childhood along with genetic or environmental vulnerabilities resulting from maternal mental health issues also contribute to young people’s mental health outcomes, suggesting a role for broader social supports and early intervention services in addition to targeted mental health programmes.

scholarly journals Lifetime Interpersonal Polyvictimization: Abuse Typologies and Mental Health Outcomes in a Nationally Representative Sample of Men from the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Rhonda Burns ◽  
Cherie Armour
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundInterpersonal polyvictimisation experiences are a specific type of traumatic experience that include physical, sexual or psychological attacks against a person and much research has concentrated on female only or mixed samples. Being a victim of one form of victimisation experience increases the risk of further victimisation experience resulting in polyvictimisation, and elevates the likelihood on negative mental health outcomes. ObjectivesThe current study seeks to establish interpersonal polyvictimisation typologies within a male sub-population of a large epidemiologic sample and establish associated risk of psychopathology across a range of mental health outcomes. MethodsUsing data from 15,794 adult males, aged over 18 years who completed the NESARC III, a Latent Class Analysis (LCA) of the endorsement of interpersonal victimisation experiences was conducted to establish latent profiles of interpersonal polyvictimisation. Subsequently regression analysis was conducted to establish risk of psychopathology across a series of DSM 5 diagnosed mental health conditions. FindingsA three-class solution was deemed optimal in line with published fit statistics. Class 3 was categorised by low/no endorsement and was labelled ‘normative’, Class 2 was categorised by high endorsement of childhood indicators and was labelled ‘childhood’, class 1 showed a moderate endorsement across life-course victimisation indicators and was labelled ‘lifecourse’. Interpersonal polyvictimisation profiles showed increased risk of negative mental health outcomes in adulthood suggesting that distinct typologies of interpersonal polyvictimisation exist within the adult male only population. ConclusionsExperiences of interpersonal polyvictimisation are robustly associated with adult psychopathology in males including elevated rates of the likelihood of PTSD, Anxiety and Depression in a dose response fashion. Interventions and support services should therefore be developed and implemented that are targeted to gender specific distinctiveness.

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