Fate of weed seeds in spent mushroom compost following commercial mushroom production

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-826
Author(s):  
Kurt M. Vollmer ◽  
Mark J. VanGessel
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Complete Process

AbstractCommercial mushroom producers grow several varieties of mushrooms on compost. Upon completion of the growing cycle, the spent mushroom compost is often sold as a soil amendment for both agricultural and homeowner use. Mushroom compost ingredients often come from fields infested with weeds, and in turn compost may spread unwanted weed seed. We conducted studies to assess the viability of weed seed following specific stages of the commercial mushroom production process. Weed seed was more likely to survive if the entire production process was not completed. However, no viable hairy vetch, Italian ryegrass, ivyleaf morningglory, Palmer amaranth, or velvetleaf remained at the end of the study. Although the seeds of most species were eliminated earlier in the composting process, ivyleaf morningglory required the complete process to eliminate 100% of the seed. These results indicate that spent mushroom compost is free of many weed species upon removal from mushroom houses and is unlikely to spread weed seed.

scholarly journals 123 The Potential Use of Spent Mushroom Compost as a Soil Amendment for Nursery Crop Production

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 462F-463
Author(s):  
Jay Young ◽  
Charles Heuser ◽  
E.J. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Key Factor

The use of spent mushroom compost (SMC) as a media amendment for containerized greenhouse and nursery crop production is a promising alternative to disposal of this by-product of mushroom production. Fresh SMC is the compost that is removed from the mushroom house and used without further weathering. The objectives of this study include first, identification of key factors involved its successful use and second demonstration of the effective use of SMC by nurserymen. The plant material used includes both bedding plants and woody perennial species. Results demonstrate that the key factor in the use of SMC for plant production is high soluble salts. Leaching can reduce the high soluble salts. In addition, special consideration should be given to the reduction in potted media volume over time due to composting that continues after the material is removed from mushroom production. SMC as the sole growing media was not as effective as when SMC was amended with a commercial nursery growing mix. Several species were grown in 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% mixtures of SMC and a commercial nursery mix. All species grew well in 50% SMC/50% nursery mix.

scholarly journals Seed destruction of weeds in southern US crops using heat and narrow-windrow burning

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-596
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Jeremy K. Green ◽  
Tom Barber ◽  
Trent L. Roberts ◽  
Michael J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Weed Seeds

AbstractNarrow-windrow burning has been a successful form of harvest weed seed control in Australian cropping systems, but little is known about the efficacy of narrow-windrow burning on weed seeds infesting U.S. cropping systems. An experiment was conducted using a high-fire kiln that exposed various grass and broadleaf weed seeds to temperatures of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 C for 20, 40, 60, and 80 s to determine the temperature and time needed to kill weed seeds. Weeds evaluated included Italian ryegrass, barnyardgrass, johnsongrass, sicklepod, Palmer amaranth, prickly sida, velvetleaf, pitted morningglory, and hemp sesbania. Two field experiments were also conducted over consecutive growing seasons, with the first experiment aimed at determining the amount of heat produced during burning of narrow windrows of soybean harvest residues (chaff and straw) and the effect of this heat on weed seed mortality. The second field experiment aimed to determine the effect of wind speed on the duration and intensity of burning narrow windrows of soybean harvest residues. Following exposure to the highest temperature and longest duration in the kiln, only sicklepod showed any survival (<1% average); however, in most cases, the seeds were completely destroyed (ash). A heat index of only 22,600 was needed to kill all seeds of Palmer amaranth, barnyardgrass, and Italian ryegrass. In the field, all seeds of the evaluated weed species were completely destroyed by narrow-windrow burning of 1.08 to 1.95 kg m−2 of soybean residues. The burn duration of the soybean harvest residues declined as wind speed increased. Findings from the kiln and field experiments show that complete kill is likely for weed seeds concentrated into narrow windrows of burned soybean residues. Given the low cost of implementation of narrow-windrow burning and the seed kill efficacy on various weed species, this strategy may be an attractive option for destroying weed seed.

scholarly journals Weed Occurrence in a Young Apple Orchard Mulched With Two Different Organic Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Licznar-Małańczuk ◽  
Liudmyla Slobodianyk
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Young Apple

Abstract In this study, conducted at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, we sought to determine the communities of weed species and their temporal occurrence in a young apple orchard mulched with spent mushroom compost or Miscanthus straw applied to tree rows. A herbicide fallow treatment was used as a control. During the first year of application, both organic mulches protected against the germination of weed seeds stored within the soil. In subsequent years, however, annual weeds occurred in the mulched tree rows, the most aggressive of which was Chenopodium album L. Annual increases in population densities were noted over the 4 subsequent years of research, particularly in the rows receiving spent mushroom compost. Perennial species in the family Poaceae and genus Malva were present in soil receiving both organic mulches. Trifolium repens L. was the perennial weed most often noted in the Miscanthus mulch, whereas Taraxacum officinale Web. was more characteristic of the spent mushroom compost. Commencing from the spring of the third year following apple tree planting, weed infestation associated with the spent mushroom compost was similar to that observed in the herbicide fallow, thus necessitating three annual applications of herbicide to further maintain the orchard. The insufficient weed suppression obtained with this mulch precludes its recommendation as an effective weed management system. Although Miscanthus straw provided extended tree row protection from weed infestation, herbicide intervention was also required. Notably, however, despite the fact that Miscanthus straw provided conditions more favorable to tree growth, apple tree yields and fruit quality tended to be similar under the three investigated orchard soil management systems.

Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
Annie E. Rayner ◽  
Annie Rutledge ◽  
John C. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

Abstract Chaff lining and chaff tramlining are harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems that involve the concentration of weed seed containing chaff material into narrow (20 to 30 cm) rows between or on the harvester wheel tracks during harvest. These lines of chaff are left intact in the fields through subsequent cropping seasons in the assumption that the chaff environment is unfavourable for weed seed survival. The chaff row environment effect on weed seed survival was examined in field studies, while chaff response studies determined the influence of increasing amounts of chaff on weed seedling emergence. The objectives of these studies were to determine 1) the influence of chaff lines on the summer-autumn seed survival of selected weed species; and 2) the influence of chaff type and amount on rigid ryegrass seedling emergence. There was frequently no difference (P>0.05) in survival of seed of four weed species (rigid ryegrass, wild oat, annual sowthistle and turnip weed) when these seed were placed beneath or beside chaff lines. There was one instance where wild oat seed survival was increased (P<0.05) when seed were placed beneath compared to beside a chaff line. The pot studies determined that increasing amounts of chaff consistently resulted in decreasing numbers of rigid ryegrass seedlings emerging through chaff material. The suppression of emergence broadly followed a linear relationship where there was approximately a 2.0% reduction in emergence with every 1.0 t ha-1 increase in chaff material. This relationship was consistent across wheat, barley, canola and lupin chaff types, indicating that the physical presence of the chaff was more important than chaff type. These studies indicated that chaff lines may not affect the over summer-autumn survival of the contained weed seeds but the subsequent emergence of weed seedlings will be restricted by high amounts of chaff (>40 t ha-1).

Nematicidal activity of the Lentinula edodes’ spent mushroom compost

2022 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Juliana Marques Ferreira ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares
Keyword(s):  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost

scholarly journals Effects of spent mushroom compost meal on growth performance and meat characteristics of grower geese

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen-Chang Chang ◽  
Min-Jung Lin ◽  
Yun-Peng Chao ◽  
Chung-Jen Chiang ◽  
Yu-Shine Jea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost

scholarly journals Spent Mushroom Compost as a Substrate for the Production of Lettuce Seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. S. Marques ◽  
E. T. Martos ◽  
R. J. Souza ◽  
R. Silva ◽  
D. C. Zied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost
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