Aquatic Mesocosm Strategies for the Environmental Fate and Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials

Quantifying bioaccumulation is important in environmental contaminant risk assessment. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that can enter organisms and bioaccumulate, but more understanding is needed regarding...

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The Environmental Risk Assessment of Herbicide Anilofos on Various Chinese Cultivated Soils

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1786 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 356-360 ◽

pp. 1786-1789 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yi Hua Liu ◽

Fu Bin Tang ◽

Guo Nian Zhu

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Environmental Fate ◽

Glass Plate ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Adsorption Coefficient ◽

Leaching Behavior ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Kinetics

Anilofos is the organophosphorus herbicide widely used in China. However, little is known on the processes governing the environmental fate of anilofos in soils and its environmental risk for groundwater. Several environmental fate studies were performed concerning the degradation, sorption, photolysis and mobility of anilofos in soils. The degradation of anilofos in three Chinese soil samples followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives between 64.2 d-161.2 d. The adsorption coefficient (KF) values for the three soils were 10.67 (loam), 31.29 (clay) and 11.63 (sand). No notable photolysis of anilofos occurred on soil surface. Leaching tests, performed in manually packed soil glass-plate, indicated that anilofos moved very slowly on the three types of soil thin layer. Thus, the leaching behavior of anilofos coincided well with the results of the batch sorption and degradation experiments. The data generated from this study could be helpful for risk assessment studies of the pesticide in the environment.

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AnIn SilicoApproach for Evaluating a Fraction-Based, Risk Assessment Method for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Mixtures

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2012/410143 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nina Ching Y. Wang ◽

Glenn E. Rice ◽

Linda K. Teuschler ◽

Joan Colman ◽

Raymond S. H. Yang

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽

Environmental Fate ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽

Field Analysis ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Risk Assessment Method ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

Mixture Risk Assessment

Both the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MADEP) and the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) developed fraction-based approaches for assessing human health risks posed by total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) mixtures in the environment. Both organizations defined TPH fractions based on their expected environmental fate and by analytical chemical methods. They derived toxicity values for selected compounds within each fraction and used these as surrogates to assess hazard or risk of exposure to the whole fractions. Membership in a TPH fraction is generally defined by the number of carbon atoms in a compound and by a compound's equivalent carbon (EC) number index, which can predict its environmental fate. Here, we systematically and objectively re-evaluate the assignment of TPH to specific fractions using comparative molecular field analysis and hierarchical clustering. The approach is transparent and reproducible, reducing inherent reliance on judgment when toxicity information is limited. Our evaluation of membership in these fractions is highly consistent (̃80% on average across various fractions) with the empirical approach of MADEP and TPHCWG. Furthermore, the results support the general methodology of mixture risk assessment to assess both cancer and noncancer risk values after the application of fractionation.

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The role of alternative testing strategies in environmental risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials

Environmental Science Nano ◽

10.1039/c6en00443a ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 292-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Rune Hjorth ◽

Patricia A. Holden ◽

Steffen Foss Hansen ◽

Benjamin P. Colman ◽

Khara Grieger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Environmental Risk Assessment ◽

Engineered Nanomaterials ◽

Animal Testing ◽

Test Systems ◽

Testing Strategies ◽

Alternative Testing ◽

Alternative Testing Strategies

Within toxicology there is a pressure to find new test systems to replace, reduce and refine animal testing. In nanoecotoxicology this raises a number of questions.

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