Characterization of Microplastic-Associated Biofilm Development along a Freshwater-Estuarine Gradient

Author(s):  
Liyuan Qiang ◽  
Jinping Cheng ◽  
Seda Mirzoyan ◽  
Lee J. Kerkhof ◽  
Max M. Häggblom
1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ehlinger ◽  
J. M. Audic ◽  
G. M. Faup

The characterization of the biofilm of an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor was completed under standard conditions. The distribution of the fixed protein concentration depended on the level in the reactor. The protein concentration reached 1520 µg.g−1 of support at the top of the reactor and only 1200 µg.g−1 at the bottom after 504 hours of operation but the specific activity of the biofilm was 33×10−4 µM acetate.h−1.mg−1 proteins at the bottom and only 26×10−4 µM.h−1.mg−1 at the top. The efficiency of a fluidized bed reactor and the composition of the biofilm changed with an increase of the pH from 7 to 8.5 during the seeding of the support material. Future development of the biofilm and the specific activity of the support were affected.


Author(s):  
Roland Wirth ◽  
Bernadett Pap ◽  
Gergely Maróti ◽  
Péter Vályi ◽  
Laura Komlósi ◽  
...  

Periodontitis is caused by pathogenic subgingival microbial biofilm development and dysbiotic interactions between host and hosted microbes. A thorough characterization of the subgingival biofilms by deep amplicon sequencing of 121 individual periodontitis pockets of nine patients and whole metagenomic analysis of the saliva microbial community of the same subjects were carried out. Two biofilm sampling methods yielded similar microbial compositions. Taxonomic mapping of all biofilms revealed three distinct microbial clusters. Two clinical diagnostic parameters, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), correlated with the cluster mapping. The dysbiotic microbiomes were less diverse than the apparently healthy ones of the same subjects. The most abundant periodontal pathogens were also present in the saliva, although in different representations. The single abundant species Tannerella forsythia was found in the diseased pockets in about 16–17-fold in excess relative to the clinically healthy sulcus, making it suitable as an indicator of periodontitis biofilms. The discrete microbial communities indicate strong selection by the host immune system and allow the design of targeted antibiotic treatment selective against the main periodontal pathogen(s) in the individual patients.


2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (9) ◽  
pp. 3386-3392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Niu ◽  
Katy M. Clemmer ◽  
Robert A. Bonomo ◽  
Philip N. Rather

ABSTRACT The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii strain M2 was found to produce distinct acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signals based on the use of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens traG-lacZ biosensor. An A. baumannii gene, designated abaI, was cloned and directed AHL production in recombinant Escherichia coli. The AbaI protein was similar to members of the LuxI family of autoinducer synthases and was predicted to be the only autoinducer synthase encoded by A. baumannii. The primary AHL signal directed by AbaI was identified by mass spectrometry as being N-(3-hydroxydodecanoyl)-l-HSL (3-hydroxy-C12-HSL). Minor amounts of at least five additional AHLs were also identified. The expression of abaI at the transcriptional level was activated by ethyl acetate extracts of culture supernatants or by synthetic 3-hydroxy-C12-HSL. An abaI::Km mutant failed to produce any detectable AHL signals and was impaired in biofilm development.


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhu ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Fan ◽  
M.C. Herzberg ◽  
J. Kreth

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2837-2848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia I. Diaz ◽  
Natalia I. Chalmers ◽  
Alexander H. Rickard ◽  
Colin Kong ◽  
Craig L. Milburn ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The initial microbial colonization of tooth surfaces is a repeatable and selective process, with certain bacterial species predominating in the nascent biofilm. Characterization of the initial microflora is the first step in understanding interactions among community members that shape ensuing biofilm development. Using molecular methods and a retrievable enamel chip model, we characterized the microbial diversity of early dental biofilms in three subjects. A total of 531 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed, and 97 distinct phylotypes were identified. Microbial community composition was shown to be statistically different among subjects. In all subjects, however, 4-h and 8-h communities were dominated by Streptococcus spp. belonging to the Streptococcus oralis/Streptococcus mitis group. Other frequently observed genera (comprising at least 5% of clone sequences in at least one of the six clone libraries) were Actinomyces, Gemella, Granulicatella, Neisseria, Prevotella, Rothia, and Veillonella. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed that the proportion of Streptococcus sp. sequences in the clone libraries coincided with the proportion of streptococcus probe-positive organisms on the chip. FISH also revealed that, in the undisturbed plaque, not only Streptococcus spp. but also the rarer Prevotella spp. were usually seen in small multigeneric clusters of cells. This study shows that the initial dental plaque community of each subject is unique in terms of diversity and composition. Repetitive and distinctive community composition within subjects suggests that the spatiotemporal interactions and ecological shifts that accompany biofilm maturation also occur in a subject-dependent manner.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Revdiwala ◽  
Bhaumesh M. Rajdev ◽  
Summaiya Mulla

Background. Biofilms contaminate catheters, ventilators, and medical implants; they act as a source of disease for humans, animals, and plants.Aim. Critical care units of any healthcare institute follow various interventional strategies with use of medical devices for the management of critical cases. Bacteria contaminate medical devices and form biofilms.Material and Methods. The study was carried out on 100 positive bacteriological cultures of medical devices which were inserted in hospitalized patients. The bacterial isolates were processed as per microtitre plate. All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by VITEK 2 compact automated systems.Results. Out of the total 100 bacterial isolates tested, 88 of them were biofilm formers. A 16–20-hour incubation period was found to be optimum for biofilm development. 85% isolates were multidrug resistants and different mechanisms of bacterial drug resistance like ESBL, carbapenemase, and MRSA were found among isolates.Conclusion. Availability of nutrition in the form of glucose enhances the biofilm formation by bacteria. Time and availability of glucose are important factors for assessment of biofilm progress. It is an alarm for those who are associated with invasive procedures and indwelling medical devices especially in patients with low immunity.


2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
E. Franco-Lara ◽  
V. Zúñiga Partida ◽  
V. González Álvarez

Biofilms ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-273

The effect of growth and detachment on formation of large-scale biofilm structureBiofilm cohesive energy density determination using a novel atomic force microscopy methodologyFluorescence correlation spectroscopy under two-photon excitation for the study of diffusion and reactivity of bacteriophage inside bacterial biofilmsBiothermodynamic characterization and dynamic analysis of biofilms using calorimetryBiomimetic antifouling coatings for sensor surfaces for water monitoring: performance control in defined biofilm cultures and under real environmental conditionsThe contribution of rpos to formation of Escherichia coli biofilmsSynergistic effects in mixed Escherichia coli biofilms: conjugative plasmid transfer drives biofilm expansionThe universal stress protein PA3309 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is induced in biofilmsExtracellular polymeric substances from biofilms on membranes in waste-water treatment plantsBiofilm-to-planktonic cell yield: a strategy for proliferationPhysiological and phylogenetic characterization of the dispersed and loosely attached fraction of activated sludge flocsTowards a deterministic model of biofilm detachment: an experimental studyEffect of backwash on the characteristics of biofilm in a biological activated filter reactor using elemental sulfur particlesProcess performance and biomass properties in membrane-aerated bioreactorsBioaugmentation via conjugation in biofilms treating 3-chloroaniline: effects of selective pressureEffect of phosphorus on biofilm growth in a completely mixed biofilm reactorImpacts of biofilm development on reactive transport in porous media under variable flow regimensInfluence of biofilms on colloid mobility in the subsurfaceBiofilms in amendable in situ microcosms indicate relevant electron acceptor processes at a BTEX-contaminated aquiferFunctional biodiversity of complex biofilms grown on polychlorinated biphenyl oilIdentification and characterization of biofilm formation phenotypes of several clinically relevant Streptococcus pyogenes serotype strainsSelected probiotic bacteria disrupt biofilm development of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faeciumComparison of the extracellular polymeric substances of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis biofilmsInfluence of quorum-sensing regulated production of an antimicrobial component by Serratia plymuthica on establishment of dual species biofilms with Escherichia coliBiofilm formation by the thermophilic and cellulolytic actinomycete Thermobifida fuscaBiomonitoring of bacterial contamination on different surfaces of food-processing machinesRole of the flagella during the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e to inert surfaces after cultivation at different pHs and temperaturesAdhesion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to stainless steel: influence of surface propertiesInvestigating the mechanical strength of biofilms with fluid dynamic gaugingThree-dimensional biofilm model with individual cells and continuum extracellular polymeric substances matrixA three-dimensional computer model analysis of four hypothetical biofilm detachment mechanismsModelling biofilm growth, detachment and fluid flow in a cross-section of tube reactorsBiofilm games


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