What Does Your Voice Reveal About You?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis Koutsoumpis ◽  
Reinout E. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Continuous Speech ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
The Voice

Abstract. The first goal of the present study was to explore how 21 voice measures related to self-reported personality and communication styles. The second goal was to test the assertion of Trait Activation Theory (TAT) that traits are activated in relevant situations and that verbal behavior is the result of an interplay between individual differences and situations. The voice of 138 participants was measured in the lab via steady voice and continuous speech tasks, whereas personality and communication styles were self-reported using the HEXACO and Communication Styles Inventory. To test TAT, four scenarios were developed to activate the communication styles of Informality and Expressiveness. It was hypothesized that the activated communication styles will interact with relevant situations and will be expressed through changes in voice (i.e., pitch variation). Regarding the first goal, an explorative approach revealed that voice characteristics are informative mainly for the personality traits of Openness to Experience, Emotionality, and Conscientiousness and the communication styles of Emotionality and Questioningness. Regarding the second goal, the interactions between situations and communication styles provided mixed support for TAT. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

When Are Individuals Innovative?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Hwan Park ◽  
Youjia Zhou ◽  
Myungweon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Job Complexity ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Innovative Climate ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Abstract. This study aims to explain: (a) what types of individuals are likely to exhibit innovative behavior and (b) when they are more likely to do so. For this purpose, the study uses trait activation theory ( Tett & Burnett, 2003 ; Tett & Guterman, 2000 ) as a theoretical framework and simultaneously examines the characteristics of the individual performing the job (openness to experience), the context within which the job is performed (innovative climate), and the nature of the job (job complexity). An analysis of survey data collected in China suggests that innovative climate and job complexity have a joint moderating effect on the relationship between openness to experience and innovative behavior. Based on the results, implications for research and practice are discussed.

Personality and Organizational Career Growth: The Moderating Roles of Innovation Climate and Innovation Climate Strength

2020 ◽  
pp. 089484532090179
Author(s):  
Yifan Jiang ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Qingxiong (Derek) Weng
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Climate Strength ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
Innovation Climate

Drawing on trait activation theory, the present study answered the question about who achieves better career development in innovative organizations in the Chinese context. We examined the relationships of Big Five personality traits on organizational career growth while considering the cross-level moderating effects of innovation climate and innovation climate strength. More specifically, we argued that conscientiousness and openness to experience would be more strongly related to organizational career growth at the higher level of innovation climate, and the linkages between all Big Five personality traits and career growth are stronger when innovation climate strength is weaker. Data from 2,415 employees randomly selected from 280 institutions in China support most of the hypotheses. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications as well as the limitations and suggestions for future studies.

scholarly journals Personality Factors Crucial in Internalized Stigma Understanding in Psychiatry

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Dorota Szcześniak ◽  
Agnieszka Kobyłko ◽  
Marta Lenart ◽  
Maciej Karczewski ◽  
Agnieszka Cyran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Internalized Stigma

Objective: The main purpose of this research was to establish the relationship between personality traits and internalized stigma in individuals living with severe mental illness. Additionally, the study aimed to identify individual differences that could be used to develop the theoretical socio-cognitive-behavioral equation model of internalized stigma. Methods: A total of 114 patients with diagnosis of nonorganic psychotic disorder or uni- or bipolar affective disorder took part in this study. The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised (EPQ-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were administrated among all participants. Results: Patients presenting higher levels of neuroticism scored higher on the ISMI scale. Otherwise, those with higher levels of extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness had lower ISMI scores. With the use of multivariate linear regression, neuroticism, openness to experience and conscientiousness showed the strongest associations with internalized stigma. Conclusions: Intrapersonal factors such as personality traits might explain individual differences in responses to the stigmatization process. Moreover, sociodemographic conditions such as the place of residence and level of education can play a mediating role in reducing the level of internalized stigma. Adequate psychosocial interventions should consider demographics and personality traits when engaging patients with mental illnesses in activities aimed at understanding and accepting the disorders.

scholarly journals Sustainable Virtual Teams: Promoting Well-Being through Affect Management Training and Openness to Experience Configurations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3491
Author(s):  
Baltasar González-Anta ◽  
Virginia Orengo ◽  
Ana Zornoza ◽  
Vicente Peñarroja ◽  
Nuria Gamero
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
Affect Management

A disruptive digitalization recently occurred that led to the fast adoption of virtual teams. However, membership diversity and team virtuality threaten members’ well-being, especially if faultlines appear (i.e., subgroups). Considering the job demands–resources model and the role of group affect in shaping members’ perceptions of well-being, we test the effectiveness of a short-term affect management training for increasing members’ eudaimonic well-being. Moreover, based on the trait activation theory and the contingent configuration approach, we draw on the personality composition literature to test how different openness to experience configurations of team level and diversity together moderate the effect of the training. Hypotheses were tested using a pre–post design in an online randomized controlled trial in an educational context in Spain, with a sample of 52 virtual teams with faultlines. Results show that affect management training increased eudaimonic well-being. Furthermore, there was a moderation effect (three-way interaction) of openness to experience configurations, so that the training was more effective in teams with high levels and low diversity in openness to experience. We discuss implications for training, well-being, and personality composition literature. This study helps organizations develop sustainable virtual teams with engaged members through affect management training and selection processes based on the openness to experience trait.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effect of Transfer Climate on the Joint Relationship between Trainees' Personality and Transfer Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Yip Foon Yee
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Supervisor Support ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
Trait Activation Theory ◽  
Transfer Climate ◽  
The Relationship

Objective - The aim of this study is to examine the joint relationship between the Big Five personality and transfer climate on transfer of training. Drawing on trait activation theory, this study examines how the relationship between Big Five personality and transfer of training is moderated by supervisor support and opportunity to perform. Methodology/Technique - The sample of this study consists of 183 police officers who have attended driver training in one of the police training centres in Malaysia. Three sets of questionnaires comprising of the Big Five inventory, driving knowledge test, driving competency, and transfer climate were distributed to the respondents pre-training, post-training, and after two months of training. The data was analysed using statistic package for social science (SPSS) Version 19.0 and SmartPLS 3.0. Findings - A high level of agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience were found to encourage increased transfer of training. Opportunity to perform moderated the relationship between agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience and transfer of training which is congruent with the trait activation theory. Novelty - The findings of this research emphasise the importance of the joint relationship between personality and situational factors on transfer of training. These findings allow the researcher to understand how opportunity to perform enables trainees to express their personality and enhance their performance. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Big Five Personality; Transfer of Training; Supervisor Support; Opportunity to Perform; Trait Activation Theory. JEL Classification: M12, M19.

scholarly journals The Big Five personality traits and CNS arousal in the resting state

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Jawinski ◽  
Sebastian Markett ◽  
Christian Sander ◽  
Jue Huang ◽  
Christine Ulke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Regulation Model

AbstractBased on Eysenck’s pioneering work, CNS arousal has long been considered an encouraging biological candidate that may explain individual differences in human personality. Yet, results from empirical studies remained inconclusive. Notably, the vast majority of published results have been derived from small samples, and EEG alpha power has usually served as exclusive indicator for CNS arousal. In this study, we selected N = 468 individuals of the LIFE-Adult cohort and investigated the associations between the Big Five personality traits and CNS arousal by using the low-resolution electromagnetic tomography-based analysis tool VIGALL. Our analyses revealed that subjects who reported higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience, respectively, exhibited lower levels of CNS arousal in the resting state. Bayesian and frequentist analysis results were especially convincing for openness to experience. Among the lower-order personality traits, we obtained strongest evidence for neuroticism facet ‘impulsivity’ and reduced CNS arousal. We regard these findings as well in line with the postulations of Eysenck and Zuckerman and consistent with the assumptions of the ‘arousal regulation model’. Our results also agree with meta-analytically derived effect sizes in the field of individual differences research, highlighting the need for large studies with at least several hundreds of subjects.

scholarly journals Personality and Mind-Wandering Self-Perception: The Role of Meta-Awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ibaceta ◽  
Hector P. Madrid
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Self Perception

Mind-wandering is a psychological process involving the emergence of spontaneous thoughts in daily life. Research has shown that mind-wandering influences diverse psychological outcomes; however, less is known about possible individual differences that may drive mind-wandering. In this study, we argue that personality traits, expressed in neuroticism and openness to experience, may lead to the individual’s self-perception of their mind-wandering activity, due to meta-awareness processes. In a three-wave survey study with 273 college students, we gathered data which supported a positive association of both neuroticism and openness to experience with mind-wandering self-perception, mediated by the individual’s meta-awareness. Thus, this study contributes to the literature on spontaneous thinking by showing that mind-wandering processes may be a function of individual differences expressed in personality traits.

scholarly journals Better Open Than Intellectual: The Benefits of Investment Personality Traits for Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intellectual Curiosity ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Investment Theory

The investment theory of adult intelligence posits that individual differences in knowledge attainment result from people’s differences in cognitive ability and their propensity to apply and invest that ability, which is referred to as investment personality traits. Here, we differentiated intellectual (i.e., intellectual curiosity) and nonintellectual investment (i.e., openness to experience), and we tested their respective predictive validity for knowledge attainment in four independent lab-based studies (overall N = 649). Openness to experience was positively associated with knowledge attainment across all four studies, and this effect was by and large independent of cognitive ability. By contrast, intellectual curiosity was not related to knowledge attainment. The findings suggest that openness to experience, rather than intellectual curiosity, is the investment personality trait that broadly benefits learning and adult intelligence.

scholarly journals The Big Five Personality Traits and Brain Arousal in the Resting State

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Philippe Jawinski ◽  
Sebastian Markett ◽  
Christian Sander ◽  
Jue Huang ◽  
Christine Ulke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Regulation Model ◽  
Brain Arousal

Based on Eysenck’s biopsychological trait theory, brain arousal has long been considered to explain individual differences in human personality. Yet, results from empirical studies remained inconclusive. However, most published results have been derived from small samples and, despite inherent limitations, EEG alpha power has usually served as an exclusive indicator for brain arousal. To overcome these problems, we here selected N = 468 individuals of the LIFE-Adult cohort and investigated the associations between the Big Five personality traits and brain arousal by using the validated EEG- and EOG-based analysis tool VIGALL. Our analyses revealed that participants who reported higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience, respectively, exhibited lower levels of brain arousal in the resting state. Bayesian and frequentist analysis results were especially convincing for openness to experience. Among the lower-order personality traits, we obtained the strongest evidence for neuroticism facet ‘impulsivity’ and reduced brain arousal. In line with this, both impulsivity and openness have previously been conceptualized as aspects of extraversion. We regard our findings as well in line with the postulations of Eysenck and consistent with the recently proposed ‘arousal regulation model’. Our results also agree with meta-analytically derived effect sizes in the field of individual differences research, highlighting the need for large (collaborative) studies.

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