A Meta-Analysis of Interviews and Cognitive Ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Roth ◽  
Allen I. Huffcutt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Employment Interviews ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

The topic of what interviews measure has received a great deal of attention over the years. One line of research has investigated the relationship between interviews and the construct of cognitive ability. A previous meta-analysis reported an overall corrected correlation of .40 ( Huffcutt, Roth, & McDaniel, 1996 ). A more recent meta-analysis reported a noticeably lower corrected correlation of .27 ( Berry, Sackett, & Landers, 2007 ). After reviewing both meta-analyses, it appears that the two studies posed different research questions. Further, there were a number of coding judgments in Berry et al. that merit review, and there was no moderator analysis for educational versus employment interviews. As a result, we reanalyzed the work by Berry et al. and found a corrected correlation of .42 for employment interviews (.15 higher than Berry et al., a 56% increase). Further, educational interviews were associated with a corrected correlation of .21, supporting their influence as a moderator. We suggest a better estimate of the correlation between employment interviews and cognitive ability is .42, and this takes us “back to the future” in that the better overall estimate of the employment interviews – cognitive ability relationship is roughly .40. This difference has implications for what is being measured by interviews and their incremental validity.

Career Adaptability and Career Decision Self-Efficacy: Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532110124
Author(s):  
Graham B. Stead ◽  
Lindsey M. LaVeck ◽  
Sandra M. Hurtado Rúa
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Efficacy Measures ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Career Research ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between career adaptability and career decision self-efficacy was examined due to its importance for clients in the career development and career decision-making process. Multivariate meta-analyses using 18 studies with a total population of 6,339 participants were employed. Moderator variables important to this relationship were country of participants, mean age, and career adaptability measures. Estimated correlations between career adaptability subscales and career decision self-efficacy measures ranged from .36 to .44. Findings are discussed in relation to career research and counseling.

scholarly journals Resting Heart Rate as a Predictor of Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Diana P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa ◽  
Iván Cavero-Redondo ◽  
I.M. Lee ◽  
Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽  
Sara Reina-Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

This work was aimed to synthetize the evidence available about the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and the risk of cancer mortality. A computerized search in the Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to 24 September 2020 was performed. We performed three meta-analyses: (1) cancer mortality comparing the “less than 60 bpm” and “more than 60 bpm” categories; (2) cancer mortality comparing “less than 60 bpm”, “60 to 80 bpm”, and “more than 80 bpm” categories; and (3) analysis for 10–12 and 20 bpm increase in RHR and risk of cancer mortality. Twenty-two studies were included in the qualitative review, and twelve of them met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Our results showed a positive association between RHR and the risk of cancer mortality. This association was shown in a meta-analysis comparing studies reporting mean RHR values below and above 60 bpm, when comparing three RHR categories using less than 60 bpm as the reference category and, finally, in dose response analyses estimating the effect of an increase of 10–12 bpm in RHR, both in men and in women. In conclusion, a low RHR is a potential marker of low risk of cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Osteoarthritis, mobility-related comorbidities and mortality: an overview of meta-analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2098121
Author(s):  
Gustavo Constantino de Campos ◽  
Raman Mundi ◽  
Craig Whittington ◽  
Marie-Josée Toutounji ◽  
Wilson Ngai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Mortality

Aims: The objective of this review was to examine the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and mobility-related comorbidities, specifically diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It also investigated the relationship between OA and mortality. Methods: An overview of meta-analyses was conducted by performing two targeted searches from inception to June 2020. The association between OA and (i) DM or CVD ( via PubMed and Embase); and (ii) mortality ( via PubMed) was investigated. Meta-analyses were selected if they included studies that examined adults with OA at any site and reported associations between OA and DM, CVD, or mortality. Evidence was synthesized qualitatively. Results: Six meta-analyses met inclusion criteria. One meta-analysis of 20 studies demonstrated a statistically significant association between OA and DM, with pooled odds ratio of 1.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.21, 1.65; n = 1,040,175 patients). One meta-analysis of 15 studies demonstrated significantly increased risk of CVD among OA patients, with a pooled risk ratio of 1.24 (1.12, 1.37, n = 358,944 patients). Stratified by type of CVD, OA was shown to be associated with increased heart failure (HF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) and reduced transient ischemic attack (TIA). There was no association reported for stroke or myocardial infarction (MI). Three meta-analyses did not find a significant association between OA (any site) and all-cause mortality. However, OA was found to be significantly associated with cardiovascular-related death across two meta-analyses. Conclusion: The identified meta-analyses reported significantly increased risk of both DM and CVD (particularly, HF and IHD) among OA patients. It was not possible to confirm consistent directional or causal relationships. OA was found to be associated with increased mortality, but mostly in relation to CVD-related mortality, suggesting that further study is warranted in this area.

scholarly journals Low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age association with adult depression: systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Loret De Mola ◽  
Giovanny Vinícius Araújo De França ◽  
Luciana de Avila Quevedo ◽  
Bernardo Lessa Horta
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Depression ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the effects that low birth weight, premature birth and intrauterine growth have on later depression.AimsTo review systematically the evidence on the relationship of low birth weight, smallness for gestational age (SGA) and premature birth with adult depression.MethodWe searched the literature for original studies assessing the effect of low birth weight, premature birth and SGA on adult depression. Separate meta-analyses were carried out for each exposure using random and fixed effects models. We evaluated the contribution of methodological covariates to heterogeneity using meta-regression.ResultsWe identified 14 studies evaluating low birth weight, 9 premature birth and 4 SGA. Low birth weight increased the odds of depression (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.60). Premature birth and SGA were not associated with depression, but publication bias might have underestimated the effect of the former and only four studies evaluated SGA.ConclusionsLow birth weight was associated with depression. Future studies evaluating premature birth and SGA are needed.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Manifestations of Coeliac Disease, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Clappison ◽  
Marios Hadjivassiliou ◽  
Panagiotis Zis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is increasingly prevalent and is associated with both gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-intestinal manifestations. Psychiatric disorders are amongst extra-intestinal manifestations proposed. The relationship between CD and such psychiatric disorders is not well recognised or understood. Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a greater understanding of the existing evidence and theories surrounding psychiatric manifestations of CD. Methodology: An online literature search using PubMed was conducted, the prevalence data for both CD and psychiatric disorders was extracted from eligible articles. Meta analyses on odds ratios were also performed. Results: A total of 37 articles were included in this review. A significant increase in risk was detected for autistic spectrum disorder (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.24–1.88, p < 0.0001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.18–1.63, p < 0.0001), depression (OR 2.17, 95% CI 2.17–11.15, p < 0.0001), anxiety (OR 6.03, 95% CI 2.22–16.35, p < 0.0001), and eating disorders (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.37–1.91, p < 0.00001) amongst the CD population compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found for bipolar disorder (OR 2.35, 95% CI 2.29–19.21, p = 0.43) or schizophrenia (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.02–10.18, p = 0.62). Conclusion: CD is associated with an increased risk of depression, anxiety, eating disorders as well as ASD and ADHD. More research is required to investigate specific biological explanations as well as any effect of gluten free diet.

Inferring prior distributions of recruitment compensation metrics from life-history parameters and allometries

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Munyandorero
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prior Distributions ◽  
Compensation Ratio ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spawning Biomass

The recruitment compensation metrics, the stock–recruit steepness (h) and compensation ratio (κ), are difficult to estimate, yet they are integral components of contemporary fishery models. To aid in the estimation of κ and h, a hybrid method to construct their prior distributions for a species is developed. The method is hybrid because it integrates (i) a meta-analysis of the relationship between maximum rates of recruit production (α) and asymptotic lengths obtained across fish species of different life histories and (ii) species-specific unfished spawning biomass per recruit (Φ0). This method is applied to five finfish species found off the East Coast of the United States. Uncertainty is introduced by sampling growth parameters, α, and natural mortality and — through Monte Carlo simulations — propagated into Φ0, κ, and h for the Beverton–Holt and Ricker stock–recruit relationships. Descriptive statistics and parameters from probability density functions of the simulated distributions of κ and h are generated. The method developed requires fewer inputs than the reproductive ecology method while likewise allowing the development of species-specific statistics for κ and h. These statistics, rather than their counterparts generated from classical meta-analyses, are better suited for use in fishery models.

scholarly journals Preterm Birth and Subsequent Risk of Acute Childhood Leukemia: a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1229-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-tao Huang ◽  
Yun-fei Gao ◽  
Mei Zhong ◽  
Yan-hong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) has been recognized as a crucial long term risk factor for multiple non-communicable diseases. However, studies between the relationship of PTB and the risk of acute childhood leukemia have yielded inconclusive results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically review the current literature to investigate whether PTB is associated with increased risk of acute childhood leukemia. Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE) were searched up to December 1st, 2015. Relevant studies reporting the association between PTB and subsequent risk of acute childhood leukemia were included for further evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using Revmen 5.3 and Stata 10.0. Results: A total of 12 studies for acute childhood leukemia, eight studies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and seven studies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were included in the current meta-analyses. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate the relationship between PTB and acute childhood leukemia as well as its two subtypes: ALL and AML. Our results suggested that PTB was significantly associated with increased risk of acute childhood leukemia (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.17, P = 0.01) and AML (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.21-1.67, P < 0.01). However, PTB was not significantly associated with an increased risk of ALL (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.96-1.13, P = 0.29). Conclusion: Our data showed that PTB increased the risk of AML. Further studies are required to explore causality and dissect the biological mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals The level of bilirubin and the risk of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of real-world studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Xiaofei Ye ◽  
Fangchen Liu ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Bilirubin, a marker of hepatic and hematological diseases in clinical practice, is not only a waste end-product but also an antioxidant that may protect against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between the serum total bilirubin (TBIL) level and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). However, markedly elevated TBIL levels may exert neurotoxic effects. Based on this, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between blood TBIL and IS as well as between TBIL and all types of stroke (AS) in the physiological range of bilirubin.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases were searched up to March 2019. Additional studies were identified by reviewing references and contacting authors. Categorical and dose-response meta-analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between TBIL and IS. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke, and the secondary outcome was all types of stroke.Results: Nine observational studies (seven publications) involving 110,032 participants and 3710 stroke cases were included for analysis. The average OR of IS for every 1 µmol/L increment in TBIL level was 0.978 (95% CI: 0.957–0.999). The summary OR of AS for every 1 µmol/L increment in TBIL level was 0.974 (95% CI: 0.956–0.992). Subgroup analysis based on gender showed a negative dose-response relationship between the circulating TBIL level and IS or AS in males, but not in females.Conclusions: The present study found a negative dose-response relationship between the circulating TBIL level and the risk of IS or AS within physiologic range of serum TBIL in males. Moderately elevated blood TBIL levels might be associated with a diminished prevalence of IS. Every 1 µmol/L increment in serum TBIL level was associated with a 2.2% decrease in the risk of IS and a 2.6% decrease in the risk of AS. However, due to the limitations in the number of included studies and their quality, large-scaled prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the conclusion of the current analysis.Trial registration: This study was registered at PROSPERO (https://www.crd. york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/[CRD42017075988]).

scholarly journals Prognostic value of miR-21 for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MY Cynthia Stafford ◽  
Colin E Willoughby ◽  
Colum P Walsh ◽  
Declan J McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Biomarker ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Elevated levels of miR-21 expression are associated with many cancers, suggesting it may be a promising clinical biomarker. In prostate cancer (PCa), however, there is still no consensus about the usefulness of miR-21 as an indicator of disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the value of miR-21 expression as a prognostic measurement in PCa patients. Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant publications between 2010 to 2021. Studies exploring the relationship between miR-21 expression, PCa prognosis and clinicopathological factors were selected for review. Those reporting hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were subject to meta-analyses. Fixed-effect models were employed to calculated pooled HRs and 95% CIs. Risk of bias in each study was assessed using QUIPS tool. Certainty of evidence in each meta-analysis was assessed using GRADE guidelines. A total of 64 studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 11 were eligible for inclusion in meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed that high miR-21 expression was associated with poor prognosis: HR=1.58 (95% CI=1.19-2.09) for biochemical recurrence, MODERATE certainty; HR=1.46 (95% CI=1.06-2.01) for death, VERY LOW certainty; and HR=1.26 (95% CI=0.70-2.27) for disease progression, VERY LOW certainty. Qualitative summary revealed elevated miR-21 expression was significantly positively associated with PCa stage, Gleason score and risk groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that elevated levels of miR-21 are associated with poor prognosis in PCa patients. miR-21 expression may therefore be a useful prognostic biomarker in this disease.

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