An Empirical Wind‐Wave Model for Hurricane‐forced Wind Waves in the Caribbean Sea

<p>Every year the Caribbean Sea faces the passage of powerful tropical cyclones that generate coastal extreme sea levels with potential strong and hazardous impacts. In this work we simulate the storm surges and wind-waves induced by a set of over 1000 tropical cyclones over the Caribbean Sea that are representative of the present-day climate and that have been extracted from a global database of synthetic hurricanes spanning a 10,000-year period. The atmospheric forcing fields, built from the synthetic tropical cyclones, are used to feed a fully coupled hydrodynamic-wave model with high resolution (~1 km) along the continental and island coasts. Given the large number of events modelled, the outputs allow detailed statistical analyses of the magnitude and mechanisms of coastal extreme sea levels as well as the identification of most exposed areas to both storm surges and large wind-waves.</p>

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Wind-Waves Characteristics in the International Port of Algiers: Comparison of ALADIN and AROME’s Wind Effect

Journal of Atmospheric Science Research ◽

10.30564/jasr.v2i3.708 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sara CHIKHI ◽

Mohamed El-Amine Slimani

Keyword(s):

Wind Wave ◽

Wind Waves ◽

National Development ◽

Wave Model ◽

Wind Forcing ◽

Wind Effect ◽

Atmospheric Models ◽

The Stability ◽

Ocean Wind ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

The sea states numerical modeling has been developed for years, it used for very varied fields such as the sizing of coastal work, the safety of navigation, the study of the stability of the beaches or the water leisure. The spectral third-generation ocean wind-wave model WAVEWATCH III (WW3) software was adopted and developed for simulating wave propagation in the Mediterranean basin. In this study, a more detailed study was carried out on the port of Algiers. Two different atmospheric models have been used to get the wind forcing: ALADIN (Area Limited Dynamic Adaptation Inter National Development) with an 8 km resolution. And AROME (Application to Operational Research at Meso-scale) with a 3 km resolution. The results obtained using both of the atmospheric models have been compared and analyzed.

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Wave Climate and Trends for the Gulf of Mexico: A 30-Yr Wave Hindcast

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-13-00206.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1619-1632 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Christian M. Appendini ◽

Alec Torres-Freyermuth ◽

Paulo Salles ◽

Jose López-González ◽

E. Tonatiuh Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Model Performance ◽

Wave Model ◽

Caribbean Sea ◽

Wave Climate ◽

Computational Domain ◽

Extreme Wave ◽

Wave Hindcast ◽

The Mean ◽

The Caribbean

Abstract This paper describes wave climate and variability in the Gulf of Mexico based on a 30-yr wave hindcast. The North American Regional Reanalysis wind fields are employed to drive a third-generation spectral wave model with high spatial (0.005°–0.06°) and temporal (3 hourly) resolution from 1979 through 2008. The wave hindcast information is validated using National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) data and altimeter wave information (GlobWave). The model performance is satisfactory (r2 ~ 0.90) in the Gulf of Mexico and to a lesser extent in the Caribbean Sea (r2 ~ 0.87) where only locally generated waves are considered. However, the waves generated by the Caribbean low-level jet (CLLJ) are discussed in this work. Subsequently, the yearly/monthly mean and extreme wave climates are characterized based on the (30 yr) wave hindcast information. The model results show that the mean wave climate is mainly modulated by winter cold fronts (nortes) in the Gulf of Mexico, whereas extreme wave climate is modulated by both hurricane and norte. Extreme wave heights in the Gulf of Mexico have increased at a rate of 0.07–0.08 m yr−1 in September/October because of increased cyclone intensity in the last decade. However, there is no significant trend when considering the annual statistics for extreme events. Furthermore, modeling results also suggest that the CLLJ modulates the mean wave climate in the Caribbean Sea and controls the rate of mean wave height increase (0.03 m yr−1) in the Caribbean. However, these later results need to be corroborated by extending the computational domain in order to include the swell coming from the Atlantic Ocean.

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Costapex baldwinae, a new species of bathyal costellariid (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Costellariidae) from the Caribbean Sea

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ◽

10.2988/20-00010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. G. Harasewych ◽

Juan E. Uribe ◽

Alexander E. Fedosov

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Caribbean Sea ◽

The Caribbean ◽

A New Species

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WAVE CLIMATE OF THE BLACK SEA’S COASTAL WATERS DURING THE LAST THREE DECADES

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b943584ab71.87772537 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Fedor Gippius ◽

Stanislav Myslenkov ◽

Elena Stoliarova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Cell Size ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Wind Wave ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Wave Model ◽

Wave Climate ◽

Computational Grid ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Wave Parameters

This study is focused on the alterations and typical features of the wind wave climate of the Black Sea’s coastal waters since 1979 till nowadays. Wind wave parameters were calculated by means of the 3rd-generation numerical spectral wind wave model SWAN, which is widely used on various spatial scales – both coastal waters and open seas. Data on wind speed and direction from the NCEP CFSR reanalysis were used as forcing. The computations were performed on an unstructured computational grid with cell size depending on the distance from the shoreline. Modeling results were applied to evaluate the main characteristics of the wind wave in various coastal areas of the sea.

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A mechanism for freshening the Caribbean Sea in pre‐Ice Age time

Paleoceanography ◽

10.1002/2013pa002515 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 508-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alberto M. Mestas‐Nuñez ◽

Peter Molnar

Keyword(s):

Caribbean Sea ◽

Ice Age ◽

The Caribbean

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Implications of GNSS-Inferred Tropopause Altitude Associated with Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13101939 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1939

Author(s):

Tao Xian ◽

Gaopeng Lu ◽

Hongbo Zhang ◽

Yongping Wang ◽

Shaolin Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Thermal Structure ◽

Deep Convection ◽

Caribbean Sea ◽

Negative Bias ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Cold Anomaly ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Geographic Distributions

The thermal structure of the environmental atmosphere associated with Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) is investigated with the combined observations from several detectors (FERMI, RHESSI, and Insight-HXMT) and GNSS-RO (SAC-C, COSMIC, GRACE, TerraSAR-X, and MetOp-A). The geographic distributions of TGF-related tropopause altitude and climatology are similar. The regional TGF-related tropopause altitude in Africa and the Caribbean Sea is 0.1–0.4 km lower than the climatology, whereas that in Asia is 0.1–0.2 km higher. Most of the TGF-related tropopause altitudes are slightly higher than the climatology, while some of them have a slightly negative bias. The subtropical TGF-producing thunderstorms are warmer in the troposphere and have a colder and higher tropopause over land than the ocean. There is no significant land–ocean difference in the thermal structure for the tropical TGF-producing thunderstorms. The TGF-producing thunderstorms have a cold anomaly in the middle and upper troposphere and have stronger anomalies than the deep convection found in previous studies.

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A New Cymothoid Isopod, Glossobius Hemiramphi, From the Mouth of the Ballyhoo, Hemiramphus Brasiliensis (Linnaeus) (Exocoetidae), in the Caribbean Sea

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/156854085x00837 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 48 (1-3) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ernest H. Williams ◽

Lucy Bunkley Williams

Keyword(s):

Caribbean Sea ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Cymothoid Isopod

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Hurricane Gustav (2008) Waves and Storm Surge: Hindcast, Synoptic Analysis, and Validation in Southern Louisiana

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/2011mwr3611.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 139 (8) ◽

pp. 2488-2522 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

J. C. Dietrich ◽

J. J. Westerink ◽

A. B. Kennedy ◽

J. M. Smith ◽

R. E. Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Hurricane Katrina ◽

Storm Surge ◽

Unstructured Mesh ◽

Wind Waves ◽

Wave Model ◽

Small Scale ◽

Research Division ◽

Time Histories ◽

Southern Louisiana

AbstractHurricane Gustav (2008) made landfall in southern Louisiana on 1 September 2008 with its eye never closer than 75 km to New Orleans, but its waves and storm surge threatened to flood the city. Easterly tropical-storm-strength winds impacted the region east of the Mississippi River for 12–15 h, allowing for early surge to develop up to 3.5 m there and enter the river and the city’s navigation canals. During landfall, winds shifted from easterly to southerly, resulting in late surge development and propagation over more than 70 km of marshes on the river’s west bank, over more than 40 km of Caernarvon marsh on the east bank, and into Lake Pontchartrain to the north. Wind waves with estimated significant heights of 15 m developed in the deep Gulf of Mexico but were reduced in size once they reached the continental shelf. The barrier islands further dissipated the waves, and locally generated seas existed behind these effective breaking zones.The hardening and innovative deployment of gauges since Hurricane Katrina (2005) resulted in a wealth of measured data for Gustav. A total of 39 wind wave time histories, 362 water level time histories, and 82 high water marks were available to describe the event. Computational models—including a structured-mesh deepwater wave model (WAM) and a nearshore steady-state wave (STWAVE) model, as well as an unstructured-mesh “simulating waves nearshore” (SWAN) wave model and an advanced circulation (ADCIRC) model—resolve the region with unprecedented levels of detail, with an unstructured mesh spacing of 100–200 m in the wave-breaking zones and 20–50 m in the small-scale channels. Data-assimilated winds were applied using NOAA’s Hurricane Research Division Wind Analysis System (H*Wind) and Interactive Objective Kinematic Analysis (IOKA) procedures. Wave and surge computations from these models are validated comprehensively at the measurement locations ranging from the deep Gulf of Mexico and along the coast to the rivers and floodplains of southern Louisiana and are described and quantified within the context of the evolution of the storm.

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