Comparative Study of Cognitive Deficits in Patients With Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Depression

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bhatnagar ◽  
S. P. K. Jena
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy F. Tso ◽  
Cynthia Z Burton ◽  
Carly A Lasagna ◽  
Saige Rutherford ◽  
Beier Yao ◽  
...  

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a range of social cognitive deficits. This study investigated the functioning of the mentalizing brain system in BD probed by an eye gaze perception task during fMRI. Compared with healthy controls (n = 21), BD participants (n = 14) showed reduced preferential activation for self-directed gaze discrimination in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), which was associated with poorer cognitive and social functioning. Aberrant functions of the mentalizing system should be further investigated as marker of social dysfunction and treatment targets.


Author(s):  
Zihang Pan ◽  
Roger S. McIntyre

Cognitive dysfunction is a symptom domain across multiple psychiatric disorders. Cognitive deficits in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are significant contributors to global occupational and functional disability. The subdomains of learning and memory, executive function, processing speed, and attention and concentration are significantly impaired in individuals with MDD and BD. Treatment outcomes of cognitive symptoms with first-line agents have been suboptimal. Neuroinflammatory pathways are hypothesized to play key roles in the pathoaetiology of cognitive symptoms in MDD and BD. There is compelling evidence to suggest that elevation of systemic proinflammatory cytokines is involved in neurotoxicity, apoptosis, and aberrant neurocircuit function. These substrates offer opportunities to identify relevant biomarkers, refine treatment targets, and manage cognitive deficits across major psychiatric illnesses. This chapter provides an overview of cognitive symptoms across MDD and BD and discusses potential neurobiological substrates contributing to cognitive dysfunction.


Author(s):  
Vicent Balanzá-Martínez ◽  
Sofia Brissos ◽  
Maria Lacruz ◽  
Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos

Neurocognitive dysfunction is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD), which may be further compounded by several clinical factors, such as medications. There is growing interest on the potential impact of pharmacotherapy (lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and other) on neurocognition. This chapter summarizes a critical, descriptive update of the literature, mostly focused on human data. Based on current studies, medication-associated neurocognitive side effects cannot be clearly distinguished from those intrinsic to BD. Moreover, available research is limited by several methodological flaws. We suggest some likely profitable directions to move the field forward, as well as several recommendations to manage cognitive deficits in clinical practice. The neurocognitive impact of medications used to treat BD clearly warrants further, higher-quality research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Ettore Favaretto ◽  
Fulvio Bedani ◽  
Alessia Offredi ◽  
Magdalena Schroffenegger ◽  
Sandra Sassaroli ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia J Schneider ◽  
Rafael H Candiago ◽  
Adriane R Rosa ◽  
Keila M Ceresér ◽  
Flávio Kapczinski

OBJECTIVE: Persistent neurocognitive deficits have been described in bipolar mood disorder. As far as we are aware, no study have examined whether the cognitive impairment is presented in the same way in a Brazilian sample. METHOD: Cognitive function of 66 patients with bipolar disorder (32 with depressive symptoms and 34 euthymic) and 28 healthy subjects was examined using a complete cognitive battery. RESULTS: Patients with bipolar disorder presented a significantly poorer performance in eight of the 12 subtests when compared to healthy subjects. There was no significant difference between the subgroups of patients. These patients showed impairment in both verbal and non-verbal cognitive function. CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment was found in both groups of patients with bipolar disorder. The findings described here suggest an overall impairment of cognitive function, independent of mood symptoms. This is in line with data showing that cognitive deficits may be a persistent characteristic of bipolar disorder.


2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Martínez-Camarillo ◽  
María Yoldi-Negrete ◽  
Ana Fresán-Orellana ◽  
Hiram Ortega-Ortiz ◽  
Claudia Becerra-Palars

Background: Occupational functioning is severely impaired in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Work motivation (WM), defined as the psychological processes that determine the direction, intensity, and persistence of action within the work, is an essential component of work-related functioning. Aim: To assess whether WM is affected in patients with BD and which clinical and sociodemographic factors are related to low WM. Methods: In all, 95 euthymic BD patients were invited to answer the Motivation for Work Questionnaire and the Rating Scale on Subjective Cognitive Deficits in Bipolar Disorder (COBRA). Results: A total of 49.5% ( n = 47) of the patients were classified in the Low Motivated (LM) group. Unemployment and the report of more subjective cognitive complaints were predictors of poor WM in this sample ((OR) = 3.01 and 7.10, respectively). Conclusions: Perceived cognitive deficits related to the disorder and current unemployment negatively impact WM in patients with BD. In addition to symptomatic recovery, the need of the inclusion of personal and occupational areas in the comprehensive treatment of patients with BD is necessary.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S212-S212
Author(s):  
B. Suciu ◽  
R. Paunescu ◽  
I. Miclutia

IntroductionThe majority of studies revealed that cognitive deficits are an important aspect in many psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. In the past, cognitive impairment was considered part of depression and it was expected to diminish as other mood symptoms improved with treatment.MethodThis study is based on the review of recent literature, performed in order to understand the dimension of executive impairment in unipolar and bipolar depression.ResultsBoth unipolar and bipolar depressed patients display cognitive deficits in several cognitive domains within executive functions. Different subcomponents of executive functions are altered in both types of patients, but impairments in sustained attention appear specific in bipolar depression while dysfunctional divided attention is reported in unipolar disorder. Studies describe deficits in planning strategies and monitoring processes that are characteristically impaired in unipolar depressed patients. Also these subjects tend to make more perseverative responses suggesting set shifting deficits and moreover they require longer time and more cognitive effort in order to accomplish tasks involving inhibitory control or cognitive flexibility. Other findings suggest that bipolar I depressed patients perform worse than bipolar II depressed patients and unipolar depressed patients across all executive functions especially in the decision making process that is considered to be a trait marker for bipolar disorder with no differences between the two types of bipolar subjects.ConclusionsExecutive functions represent a term that includes a higher order of cognitive abilities with deficits that are present in both disorders but display slightly different patterns of impairment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily G Severance ◽  
Kristin L Gressitt ◽  
Catherine R Stallings ◽  
Emily Katsafanas ◽  
Lucy A Schweinfurth ◽  
...  

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