Prevalence of lifetime psychiatric disorders and suicidality in adults with subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder: A population-based nationwide study in Korea.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyerim Kim ◽  
Jimin Lee ◽  
Sung Man Chang ◽  
Jin Pyo Hong ◽  
Dong-Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Nationwide Study

A Biopsychosocial Approach to Psychiatric Consultation in Persons with HIV and AIDS

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Batista ◽  
Joseph Z. Lux
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Psychiatric Consultation ◽  
End Stage

For persons with HIV and AIDS, a thorough and comprehensive assessment has far-reaching implications not only for compassionate, competent, and coordinated care but also for adherence to medical treatment and risk reduction, as well as public health. Primary physicians, HIV specialists, as well as psychiatrists and other mental health professionals can play an important role in preventing the spread of HIV infection. Psychiatric disorders are associated with inadequate adherence to risk reduction, medical care, and antiretroviral therapy. While adherence to medical care for most medical illnesses has major meaning to patients, loved ones, and families, adherence to medical care for HIV and AIDS has major implications for reduction of HIV transmission and prevention of emergence of drug-resistant HIV viral strains (Cohen and Chao, 2008). Many persons with HIV and AIDS have psychiatric disorders (Stoff et al., 2004) and can benefit from psychiatric consultation and care. The rates of HIV infection are also higher among persons with serious mental illness (Blank et al., 2002), indicating a bidirectional relationship. Some persons with HIV and AIDS have no psychiatric disorder, while others have a multiplicity of complex psychiatric disorders that are responses to illness or treatments or are associated with HIV/AIDS (such as HIV-associated dementia) or multimorbid medical illnesses and treatments (such as hepatitis C, cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, HIV nephropathy, end-stage renal disease, anemia, coronary artery disease, and cancer). Persons with HIV and AIDS may also have multimorbid psychiatric disorders that are co-occurring and may be unrelated to HIV (such as posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder). The complexity of AIDS psychiatric consultation is illustrated in an article (Freedman et al., 1994) with the title “Depression, HIV Dementia, Delirium, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (or All of the Above).” Comprehensive psychiatric evaluations can provide diagnoses, inform treatment, and mitigate anguish, distress, depression, anxiety, and substance use in persons with HIV and AIDS. Furthermore, thorough and comprehensive assessment is crucial because HIV has an affinity for brain and neural tissue and can cause central nervous system (CNS) complications even in healthy seropositive individuals. Because of potential CNS complications as well as the multiplicity of other severe and complex medical illnesses in persons with HIV and AIDS (Huang et al., 2006), every person who is referred for a psychiatric consultation needs a full biopsychosocial evaluation.

Serum levels of interleukins IL-6 and IL-10 in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder in a population-based sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Flores de Oliveira ◽  
Carolina David Wiener ◽  
Karen Jansen ◽  
Luis Valmor Portela ◽  
Diogo R. Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals A Population-Based Study of Familial and Individual-Specific Environmental Contributions to Traumatic Event Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in a Norwegian Twin Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda B. Amstadter ◽  
Steven H. Aggen ◽  
Gun Peggy Knudsen ◽  
Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Traumatic Event Exposure

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the only disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that requires an environmental exposure. The relationship between liability factors for trauma exposure and those for PTSD symptoms following exposure are unclear. Methods: Exposure to a trauma and resulting PTSD symptoms were assessed in a sample of 2,794 members of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel. Results: In the full sample, 737 twins experienced a trauma. A modified causal, contingent, common pathway model was used to examine trauma exposure and liability for PTSD. Genetic and common environmental factors could not be distinguished, so a model that included only familial and individual specific components was fit. The best-fitting model suggested that familial factors played an important role in liability for trauma exposure and for resulting PTSD symptoms, and that there was a modest transmission between trauma exposure and subsequent PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: One third of the variance in liability of PTSD symptoms is due to familial factors, and of this, approximately one fifth overlaps with the familial liability for trauma exposure while the other four fifths of the variance is specific to the risk of PTSD symptoms following exposure. The hypothesis that PTSD is etiologically similar to exposures to a traumatic event is not supported, suggesting that the factors that confer risk for trauma do not overlap completely with those that confer risk for PTSD.

Epidemiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults

2012 ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Breslau
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was established in 1980, when it was incorporated in the DSM-III. The PTSD definition brackets a distinct set of stressors—traumatic events—from other stressful experiences and links it causally with a specific response, the PTSD syndrome. Explicit diagnostic criteria in DSM-III made it feasible to conduct large-scale epidemiological surveys on PTSD and other psychiatric disorders, using structured diagnostic interviews administered by nonclinicians. Epidemiologic research has been expanded from Vietnam veterans, who were the center of DSM-III PTSD study, to civilian populations and postwar regions worldwide. This chapter summarizes information on the prevalence estimates of PTSD in U.S. veterans of the Vietnam War, soldiers returning from deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan, and civilian populations. It outlines research findings on the course of PTSD, risk factors, comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, and the risk for other posttrauma disoders. It concludes with recommendations for future research.

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