Effects of the U.S. High-altitude Nuclear Test Series of 1962 on Radio Propagation

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 201 (4920) ◽  
pp. 694-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. TRAINOR ◽  
L. J. DERRICK
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Test Series ◽  
The U.S

Indicated biological effect from the 9 July 1962 high altitude nuclear test

1967 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Levengood
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Nuclear Test

Long period seismic waves from large, near-surface nuclear explosions

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Surface Wave ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Love Waves ◽  
Marshall Islands ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Seismic surface waves were well-recorded from the larger explosions of the U.S. test series detonated in the Marshall Islands during the spring and summer of 1958 and of the U. S. S. R. test series detonated at the Novaya Zemlaya test site during October 1958. In addition to waves of the fundamental Rayleigh mode, some unusual or unexpected waves were identified. These include: 1.) Love waves with lengths as great as 90 km at Hong Kong from the U. S. S. R. explosions, 2.) Love waves at Agra, India, from the U. S. S. R. explosions, 3.) waves of the 1st shear mode at Agra and Uppsala, Sweden, from the U. S. S. R. explosions, and 4.) Love, 1st shear and PL waves at Guam from the U. S. explosions. Group velocity data were derived for many paths and, for the U. S. series, these data are very accurate because they are based on exact knowledge of locations and origin times. For the U. S. S. R. explosions, revised locations and origin times based on a limited number of P-wave observations were used to determine group velocities. Using records from Hong Kong and Honolulu for two U. S. tests, one at Eniwetok and one at Bikini, oceanic phase velocities in the period range of 15 to 40 seconds were measured for the path between these islands. Using Brune's method for initial phase determination with a known phase velocity, an initial phase, φ0, lying between +3π2 and +π2 was determined for the U.S. explosion, Oak. According to Aki (1960), these values of initial phase are associated, respectively, with forcing functions of a downward impulse and an explosive impulse. Seismic magnitudes of 4.7 and 4.8 were assigned to the U. S. Oak and Poplar events on the basis of the surface wave data, while magnitudes of the larger U. S. S. R. tests range from about 4.0 to 4.5. The ratio of seismic energy as computed from the surface wave magnitude to the total explosive energy available (yield) is apparently greater for the U. S. explosions, assuming equal yield for the two shots compared. This suggests a higher altitude of detonation for the Russian events. The Fourier amplitude spectra of the surface wave trains are generally single peaked where a significant portion of the path traversed is oceanic, but for Uppsala, where the path is short and continental, a second peak occurs at periods of about 10 to 13 seconds. The ratios of the predicted amplitudes, based on the data of one station and on a reasonable dissipation factor, to the actual recorded amplitudes vary with azimuth by as much as a factor of 5. These variations may be explained by asymmetry at the source but might also be explained by instrumental and geologic factors. Long period components of P and S and multiples thereof were sometimes recorded from these events.

A note on persisting radio propagation effects after high altitude nuclear bursts

1964 ◽  
Vol 69 (21) ◽  
pp. 4717-4721 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Crain
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Propagation Effects

scholarly journals Political Viability of the Russia-North Korea-South Korea Gas Pipeline Project: An Analysis of the Role of the U.S.

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Yusin Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Nuclear Problem ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
The U.S

This study analyzes the political viability of the Russia-North Korea-South Korea (RNS) gas pipeline project. This analysis demonstrates that North Korea’s fourth nuclear test in January 2016 changed the dynamic of the project. Before the test, when inter-Korean relations were good, South Korea and Russia could make efforts to secure political support for the project. However, after the fourth nuclear test, this was no longer the case. As North Korea’s nuclear power status became more evident, this nuclear problem began to have profound implications for U.S. security. In response, Washington not only led the UN Security Council to impose very severe sanctions against North Korea, but also placed its own sanctions on the country. These sanctions began to contain provisions that could prevent the implementation of the pipeline project. In addition to these sanctions, the U.S. sanctions against Russia in 2017 over its intervention in the U.S. election and aggression against Ukraine also contained clauses that could hamper it. Therefore, unless the U.S. lifts or eases all of these sanctions, South Korea and Russia are unwilling to take any concrete actions to secure political support for the RNS pipeline project. Based on this analysis, this paper argues that the U.S. now holds the most important key to its political viability.

scholarly journals Legal Aspects of the French Nuclear Tests

1967 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A. D’Amato
Keyword(s):  
French Polynesia ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
General Community

The question of the legality of France’s nuclear test series, commenced on July 2, 1966, in French Polynesia, will probably stop short of any definitive third-party determination and be subjected only to general community appraisal. Yet even at the level of scholarly or diplomatic argumentation it is important to inquire into the competing interests and legal factors involved in the atmospheric tests. This is true not only because differing political expectations or even measures might depend on the consensus as to the legality or illegality of the French tests, but also because the precedential value of the tests will be of greater or less force depending upon whether there is agreement at the time of the tests that France was or was not acting within her international legal rights.

scholarly journals The U.S. Nuclear Test History

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasani Omar Wooten
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Test ◽  
The U.S

OBSERVATIONS OF EARTH-CURRENT VARIATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE U.S. HIGH-ALTITUDE NUCLEAR EXPLOSION OF JULY 9, 1962

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1743-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Graystone
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
The U.S

Israel's 1979 Nuclear Test and the U.S. Cover-Up

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Cover Up ◽  
The U.S
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