scholarly journals The therapeutic and prognostic implications of immunobiology in colorectal cancer: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Zaborowski ◽  
Des C. Winter ◽  
Lydia Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Lymphocyte Infiltration ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Individualised Treatment

AbstractColorectal cancer represents the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The therapeutic field of immuno-oncology has rapidly gained momentum, with strikingly promising results observed in clinical practice. Increasing emphasis has been placed on the role of the immune response in tumorigenesis, therapy and predicting prognosis. Enhanced understanding of the dynamic and complex tumour-immune microenvironment has enabled the development of molecularly directed, individualised treatment. Analysis of intra-tumoural lymphocyte infiltration and the dichotomisation of colorectal cancer into microsatellite stable and unstable disease has important therapeutic and prognostic implications, with potential to capitalise further on this data. This review discusses the latest evidence surrounding the tumour biology and immune landscape of colorectal cancer, novel immunotherapies and the interaction of the immune system with each apex of the tripartite of cancer management (oncotherapeutics, radiotherapy and surgery). By utilising the synergy of chemotherapeutic agents and immunotherapies, and identifying prognostic and predictive immunological biomarkers, we may enter an era of unprecedented disease control, survivorship and cure rates.

The role of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase in determining response to chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Allen ◽  
Estelle G. McLean ◽  
John Boyer ◽  
Andrea McCulla ◽  
Peter M. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells

scholarly journals The Impact of miRNA in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Its Liver Metastases

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Balacescu ◽  
Daniel Sur ◽  
Calin Cainap ◽  
Simona Visan ◽  
Daniel Cruceriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies with a high incidence and mortality rate. An essential challenge in colorectal cancer management is to identify new prognostic factors that could better estimate the evolution and treatment responses of this disease. Considering their role in cancer development, progression and metastasis, miRNAs have become an important class of molecules suitable for cancer biomarkers discovery. We performed a systematic search of studies investigating the role of miRNAs in colorectal progression and liver metastasis published until October 2018. In this review, we present up-to-date information regarding the specific microRNAs involved in CRC development, considering their roles in alteration of Wnt/βcatenin, EGFR, TGFβ and TP53 signaling pathways. We also emphasize the role of miRNAs in controlling the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of CRC cells, a process responsible for liver metastasis in a circulating tumor cell-dependent manner. Furthermore, we discuss the role of miRNAs transported by CRC-derived exosomes in mediating liver metastases, by preparing the secondary pre-metastatic niche and in inducing liver carcinogenesis in a Dicer-dependent manner.

The Role of Contrast-Enhanced Imaging for Colorectal Cancer Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Stefano Badia ◽  
Simona Picchia ◽  
Davide Bellini ◽  
Riccardo Ferrari ◽  
Damiano Caruso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Imaging

scholarly journals Role of real-world evidence in informing cancer care: lessons from colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Batra ◽  
W. Y. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Research Questions

The term “real-world evidence” (rwe) describes the analysis of data that are collected beyond the context of clinical trials. The use and application of rwe have become increasingly common and relevant, especially in oncology, because there is growing recognition that randomized controlled trials (rcts) might not be sufficiently representative of the entire patient population that is affected by cancer, and that specific clinical research questions might be best addressed by real-world data. In this brief review, our main aim is to highlight the role of rwe in informing cancer care, particularly focusing on specific examples from colorectal cancer. Our hope is to illustrate the ways in which rwe can complement rcts in improving the understanding of cancer management and how rwe can facilitate cancer treatment decisions for real-world patients encountered in routine clinical care.

Role of Azoles in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Present and Future Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Kalim A. Khan ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Baig ◽  
Mohd Imran ◽  
Girish Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Background: Cancer has gradually become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The incidence of cancer among the population has increased alarmingly over the last two decades, primarily due to an increasing population of immune-compromised patients and the continuing rise in anti-cancer drug resistance. Azole found privileged structure in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical industry and also found to be showing antioxidant; antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anticancer, antiviral, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, and antihypertensive activities. Objective: In this review, we highlight some areas of current interest in context to azoles and their derivatives as potential chemotherapeutic agents and inhibitors. Method: A comprehensive literature search was performed for writing this review. An updated view on different derivatives of azoles and use in cancer management has been discussed. Results: Here we have discussed the present scenario of azoles and their derivatives as potential chemotherapeutic agents and inhibitors. Along with, the future perspectives of azoles in cancer prevention and treatment are also discussed. Conclusion: The information provided in this review might be useful to researchers in designing of novel and potent multifunctional azole analogues for the treatment of cancer and other multifactorial diseases.

scholarly journals FTO-mediated cytoplasmic m6Am demethylation adjusts stem-like properties in colorectal cancer cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Relier ◽  
Julie Ripoll ◽  
Hélène Guillorit ◽  
Amandine Amalric ◽  
Cyrinne Achour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Demethylase Activity

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small but critical cell population for cancer biology since they display inherent resistance to standard therapies and give rise to metastases. Despite accruing evidence establishing a link between deregulation of epitranscriptome-related players and tumorigenic process, the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications in the regulation of CSC properties remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic pool of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) impedes CSC abilities in colorectal cancer through its N6,2’-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) demethylase activity. While m6Am is strategically located next to the m7G-mRNA cap, its biological function is not well understood and has not been addressed in cancer. Low FTO expression in patient-derived cell lines elevates m6Am level in mRNA which results in enhanced in vivo tumorigenicity and chemoresistance. Inhibition of the nuclear m6Am methyltransferase, PCIF1/CAPAM, fully reverses this phenotype, stressing the role of m6Am modification in stem-like properties acquisition. FTO-mediated regulation of m6Am marking constitutes a reversible pathway controlling CSC abilities. Altogether, our findings bring to light the first biological function of the m6Am modification and its potential adverse consequences for colorectal cancer management.

scholarly journals The Impact of miRNA in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Its Liver Metastases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Balacescu ◽  
Daniel Sur ◽  
Calin Cainap ◽  
Simona Visan ◽  
Daniel Cruceriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies with a high incidence and mortality. An essential challenge in colorectal cancer management is to identify new prognostic factors that could better estimate the evolution and treatment responses of this disease. Considering their role in cancer development, progression and metastasis, miRNAs have become an important class of molecules suitable for cancer biomarkers discovery. We performed a systematic search of studies investigating the role of miRNAs in colorectal progression and liver metastasis, published until October 2018. In this review, we present up-to-date information regarding the specific microRNAs involved in CRC development, considering their roles in alteration of Wnt/βcatenin, EGFR, TGFβ and TP53 signaling pathways. We also emphasize the role of miRNAs in controlling the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cells, a process responsible for liver metastasis in a circulating tumor cell-dependent manner. Furthermore, we discuss the role of miRNAs transported by CRC-derived exosomes in mediating liver metastases, by preparing the secondary pre-metastatic niche and in inducing liver carcinogenesis in a Dicer-dependent manner.  

scholarly journals FTO-mediated cytoplasmic m6Am demethylation adjusts stem-like properties in colorectal cancer cell

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Relier ◽  
Julie Ripoll ◽  
Hélène Guillorit ◽  
Amandine Amalric ◽  
Florence Boissière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Demethylase Activity ◽  
Fine Tune

ABSTRACTCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small but critical cell population for cancer biology since they display inherent resistance to standard therapies and give rise to metastases. Despite accruing evidence establishing a link between deregulation of epitranscriptome-related players and tumorigenic process, the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications dynamic in the regulation of CSC properties remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic pool of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) impedes CSC abilities in colorectal cancer through its m6Am (N6,2’-O-dimethyladenosine) demethylase activity. While m6Am is strategically located next to the m7G-mRNA cap, its biological function is not well understood and has not been addressed in cancer. Low FTO expression in patient-derived cell lines elevates m6Am level in mRNA which results in enhanced in vivo tumorigenicity and chemoresistance. Inhibition of the nuclear m6Am methyltransferase, PCIF1/CAPAM, partially reverses this phenotype. FTO-mediated regulation of m6Am marking constitutes a novel, reversible pathway controlling CSC abilities that does not involve transcriptome remodeling, but could fine-tune translation efficiency of selected m6Am marked transcripts. Altogether, our findings bring to light the first biological function of the m6Am modification and its potential adverse consequences for colorectal cancer management.

scholarly journals Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in the Chemoresistance Modulation of Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Yuan ◽  
Fengying Tao ◽  
Xinglin Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xingxing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Common Malignancy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of CRC patients. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major hurdles in chemotherapy for CRC, and the underlying mechanisms need to be explored. Studies have demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in oncogenesis and tumor development, and its function in inhibiting apoptosis could facilitate tumor chemoresistance. Recent investigations have also suggested the regulatory effects of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in response to chemotherapeutic agents in CRC. Here, we particularly focus on reviewing the evidences suggesting the mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the chemoresistance modulation of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Chen ◽  
Xiao Zheng ◽  
Changping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Tumor Immune Microenvironment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second highest mortality rate among all cancers worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeting and other treatment methods have significantly prolonged the survival of patients with CRC. Recently, the emergence of tumor immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has brought new immunotherapy options for the treatment of advanced CRC. As the efficacy of ICIs is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the immune microenvironment of CRC and the efficacy of immunotherapy to ensure that the appropriate drugs are selected. We herein review the latest research progress in the immune microenvironment and strategies related to immunotherapy for CRC. We hope that this review helps in the selection of appropriate treatment strategies for CRC patients.

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