scholarly journals PedMap: a pediatric diseases map generated from clinical big data from Hangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haomin Li ◽  
Gang Yu ◽  
Cong Dong ◽  
Zheng Jia ◽  
Jiye An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Pediatric Diseases ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gaussian Regression ◽  
Occurrence Patterns

AbstractEpidemiological knowledge of pediatric diseases may improve professionals’ understanding of the pathophysiology of and risk factors for diseases and is also crucial for decision making related to workforce and resource planning in pediatric departments. In this study, a pediatric disease epidemiology knowledgebase called PedMap (http://pedmap.nbscn.org) was constructed from the clinical data from 5 447 202 outpatient visits of 2 189 868 unique patients at a children’s hospital (Hangzhou, China) from 2013 to 2016. The top 100 most-reported pediatric diseases were identified and visualized. These common pediatric diseases were clustered into 4 age groups and 4 seasons. The prevalence, age distribution and co-occurrence diseases for each disease were also visualized. Furthermore, an online prediction tool based on Gaussian regression models was developed to predict pediatric disease incidence based on weather information. PedMap is the first comprehensive epidemiological resource to show the full view of age-related, seasonal, climate-related variations in and co-occurrence patterns of pediatric diseases.

scholarly journals Estimated varicella incidence on the basis of a seroprevalence survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. MUÑOZ ◽  
A. DOMÍNGUEZ ◽  
L. SALLERAS
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Delta Method ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Seroprevalence Data

Varicella is a disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. It is transmitted via the respiratory route, is highly communicable and mainly affects young children. An effective vaccine is now available, whose routine use is advised by health authorities in the USA and which can prevent severe disease, although breakthrough infections do occur. In deciding whether or not to include a vaccine in the routine vaccination schedule, knowledge of the morbidity of the disease in question is fundamental. Although reporting of varicella is compulsory in Catalonia, doctors only have to report the weekly number of cases diagnosed, and not their age distribution. Given that recent data on the prevalence of the infection in Catalonia according to age groups is available, it was considered that, using these data, an estimation of age-related incidence could be made.The objective of the present study was to estimate the incidence of varicella in Catalonia on the basis of the available seroprevalence data. A curve was fitted to the observed prevalence and point prevalence estimates for all ages were obtained. The incidence was derived by smoothed prevalence for each of these age groups. Estimated variance of the estimated incidence was obtained by the delta method. Predicted prevalence in the 0–4 years age group was calculated by the smoothed prevalence.The model that best fitted the sample prevalence was the exponential function. The estimated number of varicella cases in this study was 46419 (95% CI 40507–52270). As the population in Catalonia in 1996 was 6090040, the previous results give an incidence rate of 762·2 per 100000 persons/year with their 95% CI (666·1–858·3).The method described may be applied to the study of incidence rates in relation to the prevalence of diseases if we accept that the infection produces permanent immunity; the risk of mortality is the same for infected and non-infected subjects and that the disease incidence and population remain constant in time.

Changing Trends in Age and Sex Distributions of Lyme Disease—United States, 1992-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110267
Author(s):  
Kiersten J. Kugeler ◽  
Paul S. Mead ◽  
Amy M. Schwartz ◽  
Alison F. Hinckley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and is characterized by a bimodal age distribution and male predominance. We examined trends in reported cases during a 25-year period to describe changes in the populations most affected by Lyme disease in the United States. We examined demographic characteristics of people with confirmed cases of Lyme disease reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 1992-2016 through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. We grouped cases into 5-year periods (1992-1996, 1997-2001, 2002-2006, 2007-2011, 2012-2016). We calculated the average annual incidence by age and sex and used incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to describe changes in Lyme disease incidence by age and sex over time. We converted patient age at time of illness into patient birth year to ascertain disease patterns according to birth cohorts. The incidence of Lyme disease in the United States doubled from 1992-1996 to 2012-2016 (IRR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.70-1.78) and increased disproportionately among males; IRRs were 39%-89% higher among males than among females for most age groups. During the study period, children aged 5-9 years were most frequently and consistently affected. In contrast, the average age of adults with Lyme disease increased over time; of all adults, people born during 1950-1964 were the most affected by Lyme disease. Our findings suggest that age-related behaviors and susceptibilities may drive infections among children, and the shifting peak among adults likely reflects a probability proportional to the relative size of the baby boom population. These findings can inform targeted and efficient public health education and intervention efforts.

scholarly journals Meningococcal disease epidemiology in Australia 10 years after implementation of a national conjugate meningococcal C immunization programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2382-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. LAWRENCE ◽  
H. WANG ◽  
M. LAHRA ◽  
R. BOOY ◽  
P. B. McINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Vaccine Failures

SUMMARYAustralia implemented conjugate meningococcal C immunization in 2003 with a single scheduled dose at age 12 months and catch-up for individuals aged 2–19 years. Several countries have recently added one or more booster doses to their programmes to maintain disease control. Australian disease surveillance and vaccine coverage data were used to assess longer term vaccine coverage and impact on invasive serogroup C disease incidence and mortality, and review vaccine failures. Coverage was 93% in 1-year-olds and 70% for catch-up cohorts. In 10 years, after adjusting for changes in diagnostic practices, population invasive serogroup C incidence declined 96% (95% confidence interval 94–98) to 0·4 and 0·6 cases/million in vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts, respectively. Only three serogroup C deaths occurred in 2010–2012vs.68 in 2000–2002. Four (<1/million doses) confirmed vaccine failures were identified in 10 years with no increasing trend. Despite published evidence of waning antibody over time, an ongoing single dose of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in the second year of life following widespread catch-up has resulted in near elimination of serogroup C disease in all age groups without evidence of vaccine failures in the first decade since introduction. Concurrently, serogroup B incidence declined independently by 55%.

scholarly journals Impact of the routine varicella vaccination programme on varicella epidemiology in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Siedler ◽  
U Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance System

Routine varicella vaccination with one dose for children of 11 to 14 months was recommended in Germany in 2004 to reduce disease incidence and severe complications. A country-wide varicella sentinel surveillance system was initiated in 2005 to detect trends of disease frequency and vaccine uptake and to evaluate the vaccination programme. A convenient sample of about 1,000 paediatricians and general practitioners was recruited to report on a monthly basis on varicella cases by age groups seen in their practice, and on varicella vaccine doses administered. Sentinel data from April 2005 to March 2009 show a reduction of 55% of varicella cases in all ages; 63% in the age group 0-4 years and 38% in 5-9 year-olds. The number of vaccine doses per reporting unit in all regions and physician groups increased during the same period. The number of reported cases as well as administered vaccines differed between physician groups and regions with different reimbursement policies. Where reimbursement was settled early and vaccine doses were increasing varicella cases started to decrease early as well. Besides reimbursement policies the availability and vaccination schedules influenced vaccine uptake. Sentinel surveillance provided valid data on trends for varicella associated morbidity, vaccine uptake and the age distribution of cases. The results confirm that following the introduction of routine varicella vaccination, varicella morbidity started to decline in Germany.

scholarly journals Incidence and Outcome in Aplastic Anemia Diagnosed 2000-2011 - a Nationwide Swedish Registry Study

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 3905-3905
Author(s):  
Krista Vaht ◽  
Magnus Göransson ◽  
Kristina Carlson ◽  
Cecilia Isaksson ◽  
Stig Lenhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Introduction: Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare life-threatening disease but since the introduction of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT), the outcome in selected patient cohorts has improved considerably with a 5-year overall survival of 70-80 %. However, there is a lack of contemporary population-based data on the incidence and survival of AA. Aims: To determine incidence, treatment and survival in AA patients (pts) diagnosed in Sweden during 2000-2011. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective study, the Swedish National Patient Registry was utilized to identify pts diagnosed with AA. After careful revision of each patient's chart, 257 cases proved to fulfill the diagnostic Camitta criteria. Incidence and confidence intervals were calculated according to Rothmann, rates and proportions with Pearson's chi-square test, survival statistics using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank method and the relative survival analysis used the Ederer II method. Results: The overall incidence of AA was 2.35 (95% CI 2.06-2.64) cases per million inhabitants per year. A biphasic age distribution was seen; one peak in pts aged 15-20 (CI 2.87; 1.72-4.03), and one in pts >60 years (4.36; CI 3.55-5.18). Median age at diagnosis was 60 (2-92) years (yrs), and median follow-up 76 (range 0-193) months. The disease severity grades were non-severe AA 38%, severe AA 38%, and very severe AA 24%, with no age-related differences. The primary treatment was IST (63%), alloHCT (10%), or palliation (27%). Distribution of initial treatment in different age groups are given in Table 1. Five-year survival of AA patients was 61%, and median survival 150 months. The 5-year survival, irrespective of treatment modality, varied in different age groups and was significantly lower in pts aged 40-59 and >60 yrs compared to young pts (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively); 91% in pts aged 0-18,, 91% 19-39, 71% 40-59 and 38% > 60 yrs. The age-related survival difference was visible early after diagnosis: pts >60 yrs had a 3-month survival of 84% compared to 98% for pts 0-18, 98% 19-39 and 93% for 40-59 yrs (p=0.021, 0.023 and 0.151, respectively). For all pts, type of primary treatment was significantly associated with survival; alloHCT pts had a 5-year survival rate of 96%, the IST group 69%, and palliative pts 30% (p=0.009 and p<0.0001). For patients 0-39 yrs, there was no statistical difference in survival comparing primary treatment modalities (IST or alloHCT); 0-18 yrs 86% vs 100% (p=0.158), and 19-39 yrs 90% vs 100% (p=0.395); also when grouping these pts together (88 % vs 100 %, p=0.103). In patients treated with primary IST (n=161) there was no difference in 5-year survival between the age groups 0-18, 19-39 and 40-59 yrs, whereas patients above 60 yrs did significantly worse than all other age groups; 86%, 90%, 70% and 52%, respectively (p<0.005). Forty-three (27%) pts in the entire IST group were allografted after not responding to/relapsing after 1 or 2 cycles of IST, where only 2 pts (3%) >60 yrs underwent HCT compared to 14 pts (48%), 17 pts (57%) and 10 pts (30%) in the other age groups. The relative 5-year survival (i.e. the excess mortality) for all patients was 66% (95% CI 59-72). When dividing patients by the median age at diagnosis, relative 5-year survival was 85% (CI 77-90) in patients <60 yrs, while pts >60 did significantly worse, 47.0% (CI 37-57). When splitting pts into two time-periods (2000-2005 or 2006-2011), we found no difference in 5-year survival, neither for all patients nor for the different age groups. Conclusions: Younger AA patients, regardless of initial therapy, experience a very good long-term survival. Also middle-aged patients do reasonably well but for patients above the median age at diagnosis (>60 yrs), the excess mortality is still substantial. Apparently, the challenge today is how to improve the management of elderly AA patients and prospective studies to address this medical need are warranted. Disclosures Brune: Meda Pharma: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Using bacterial preparations of pasteurellosis infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (96) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
A. M. Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Age Related

The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs without control may leads to the development of numerous complications and resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs should are controlled on farms. That is why the monitoring and determination of sensitivity of bacterial diseases agents to antimicrobial drugs are very important. Results of pasterella, of salmonellas’ and kolibakterias’ monitoring in farms of Azerbaijan are introduced in the article. The studies were conducted on the basis of the department for quality control of biological preparations of the Azerbaijan Scientific Research Institute. Sampling for microbiological studies was carried out on farms from pathological material and premises where livestock of different age groups are kept. At the same time, the spread of the disease, incidence, mortality, mortality, age-related features, economic losses caused by bacterial pathogens were taken into account. Inoculations from samples of bone, brain, heart, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were performed on simple and selective and differential diagnostic nutrient media. The results were read visually. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by agar disco-diffusion method. Microbiological monitoring of a number of farms in Azerbaijan has shown that agents of bacterial diseases’ are widely spread. Between the isolated pasterella agent largest number were accounted for Salmonella (54.1%) and the Escherichia (30.8 per cent). The rest (15.1%) were isolated cultures of Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Campylobacteria, Enterobacteria, and Clostridia Citrobacter. This indicates that systematic control over the availability of the causative agents of bacterial infections in all critical points of farms is very necessary. Among isolates that were isolated from ill calves and objects, differences in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents from active substances that officially have registered in our country were discovered. Bactericidal activity of relatively isolated cultures was showed by oxitetraciklin, colistin, ftorfenicol, zeftiocur, doxicyclin, enroxil and sarafloxacin.

Immigrant Youth in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Frankenberg ◽  
Katharina Kupper ◽  
Ruth Wagner ◽  
Stephan Bongard
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sociocultural Adaptation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
German School ◽  
Transcultural Adaptation

This paper reviews research on young migrants in Germany. Particular attention is given to the question of how Germany’s history of migration, immigration policies, and public attitude toward migrants influence the transcultural adaptation of children and adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds. We combine past research with the results of new empirical studies in order to shed light on migrants’ psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Studies comparing young migrants and their German peers in terms of psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and mental health outcome suggest higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems among migrants of most age groups. With regard to adolescent populations between the ages of 14 and 17 years, however, the existence of differences between migrants and natives appears to be less clear. Research has also yielded inconsistent findings regarding the time trajectory of transcultural adaptation among adolescents. The coincidence of acculturation and age-related change is discussed as a possible source of these inconsistencies. Further, we provide an overview of risk and protective factors such as conflicting role expectations and ethnic discrimination, which may cause heightened vulnerability to adverse adaptation outcomes in some groups. Large-scale studies have repeatedly shown migrants of all age groups to be less successful within the German school system, indicating poor sociocultural adaptation. Possible explanations, such as the idiosyncrasies of the German school system, are presented. Our own studies contribute to the understanding of young migrants’ adaptation process by showing that it is their orientation to German culture, rather than the acculturation strategy of integration, that leads to the most positive psychological and sociocultural outcomes. The paper concludes by discussing implications for future cross-cultural research on young migrants and by suggesting recommendations for multicultural policies.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Age development of cortical rhythmics in the EEG depending on the formation of the child’s personal psychical characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
A. V. Budkevich ◽  
L. B. Ivanov ◽  
G. R. Novikova ◽  
G. M. Dzhanumova
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Functional Brain Organization ◽  
Child's Brain ◽  
Attention Function ◽  
Apparently Healthy

According to the authors, rationing the age-related EEG parameters in children should be based on personal psychical characteristics. A comparative analysis of personal psychical characteristics and electroencephalographic data was carried out in 300 apparently healthy children aged 3-15 years. According to this principle, two subgroups of conditionally healthy children in each age group were singled out: 1) with an immature attention function and 2) with an increased anxious background that do not reach the pathological level. Registration and analysis of EEG was performed by the Neurokariograf computer complex (MBN, Moscow) using mathematical processing methods.The EEG interpretation was based on the principle of assessing the functional state of a child's brain using a three-component model according to: 1) wakefulness level and its dissociation, 2) severity of signs of the EEG neurotic pattern, 3) directionality of formation of traits of the system-functional brain organization (severity of signs functional hypofrontality).lt was found the presence of EEG signs was indicative of a lower level of wakefulness in children with an immature function of attention in all age groups, compared with the indicators of the average population of group and children with an increased background of anxiety. Children with an increased background of anxiety have a tendency to prevalence and excessive spatial synchronization of the alpha rhythm. ln healthy children, the fact of a decrease in wakefulness and the presence of signs of anxiety in the clinic and in EEG patterns indicates individual personalities and should not be considered as pathology.

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