scholarly journals Full Dynamic Range Quantification using Loop-mediated Amplification (LAMP) by Combining Analysis of Amplification Timing and Variance between Replicates at Low Copy Number

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hardinge ◽  
James A. H. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Full Dynamic Range

Infection with antiretroviral-susceptible HIV in an individual adherent to pre-exposure prophylaxis: strategies for treatment initiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242097112
Author(s):  
Jessica M Hughes ◽  
Darrell HS Tan ◽  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Janani Bodhinayake ◽  
Paul A MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Pharmacy Records ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Viral Copy Number ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Viral Copy ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Tenofovir Diphosphate

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective at preventing sexual acquisition of HIV, and failures in clinical trials are largely attributable to medication nonadherence. We report here a case of infection with a fully susceptible strain of HIV in an individual adherent to PrEP as demonstrated by pharmacy records and intracellular tenofovir diphosphate levels. At diagnosis, the viral load was 90 copies/mL precluding initial genotype testing due to low copy number. While PrEP failure is rare, this case underscores the importance of regular HIV testing for patient on PrEP and prompts discussion regarding the approach to treatment following failure where an initial genotype is not yet available or not possible due to low viral load. Few other case reports of PrEP failure exist in the literature and approaches to treatment varied widely. We suggest the initial viral copy number may guide next steps and discuss the risks and benefits of stopping PrEP, escalating therapy with integrase inhibitors or boosted protease inhibitors, or switching to non-nucleoside antiretroviral treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Retention of low copy number human papillomavirus DNA in cultured cutaneous and mucosal wart keratinocytes

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Williams ◽  
C. J. Sexton ◽  
A. L. Sinclair ◽  
K. J. Purdie ◽  
M. S. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Papillomavirus Dna

Counting Low-Copy Number Proteins in a Single Cell

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 315 (5808) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Huang ◽  
H. Wu ◽  
D. Bhaya ◽  
A. Grossman ◽  
S. Granier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Low Copy Number

scholarly journals Differential expression of Zymomonas mobilis sucrase genes (sacB and sacC) in Escherichia coli and sucrase mutants of Zymomonas mobilis

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangiliyandi Gurunathan ◽  
Paramasamy Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Shuttle Vector ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Sacb Gene ◽  
In Cells

The sacB and sacC genes encoding levansucrase and extracellular sucrase respectively were independently subcloned in pBluescript (high copy number) and in Z. mobilis-E. coli shuttle vector, pZA22 (low copy number). The expression of these genes were compared under identical background of E. coli and Z. mobilis host. The level of sacB gene expression in E. coli was almost ten fold less than the expression of sacC gene, irrespective of the growth medium or the host strain. In Z. mobilis the expression of sacB and sacC genes was shown to be subject to carbon source dependent regulation. The transcript of sacB and sacC was three fold higher in cells grown on sucrose than in cells grown on glucose/fructose. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transcript levels of sacC was approximately 2-3 times higher than that of sacB. These results suggested that the expression of sacC gene was more pronounced than sacB.

Equilibrium analysis of binding of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Staddon ◽  
Tom Todd ◽  
Randall T. Irvin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
High Copy Number ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Receptor Interactions

The effect of growth temperature on the binding of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells (BECs) was examined using an equilibrium of binding analysis. Candida albicans was cultured in M9 medium either for 12 h at 25 °C or for 9 h at 25 °C and then shifted to 37 °C for 3 h. The temperature shift did not result in germ tube formation; however, the adherence of C. albicans to BECs was altered. Shifting temperature increased the yeast's ability to bind to BECs. A Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to calculate the maximum number of available binding sites (N) and the apparent association constants of binding (Ka) for all resolvable adhesin–receptor interactions. Three classes of adhesin–receptor interactions were resolved when the yeast was cultured at 25 °C and included a low copy number site (N = 3.0 cfu/BEC; Ka = 2.11 × 10−6 mL/cfu), a medium copy number site (N = 23.6 cfu/BEC, Ka = 8.21 × 10−7 mL/cfu), and a high copy number site (N = 91.7 cfu/BEC, Ka = 3.35 × 10−8 mL/cfu). Two classes of adhesin–receptor interactions were resolved when the incubation temperature was shifted to 37 °C: a low copy number site (N = 4.5 cfu/BEC, Ka = 3.98 × 10−6 mL/cfu) and a high copy number site (N = 150.5 cfu/BEC, Ka = 8.47 × 10−8 mL/cfu). Augmented C. albicans adherence to BECs due to the elevated growth temperatures appears to result from a temperature-regulated alteration in the C. albicans adhesin that recognizes a high copy number receptor site with relatively low affinity.

Low-copy-number repeat sequences flank the DiGeorge/velo-cardio-facial syndrome loci at 22q11

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Halford ◽  
Elizabeth Lindsay ◽  
Manimekalai Nayudu ◽  
Alisoun H. Carey ◽  
Antonio Baldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Repeat Sequences ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Velo Cardio Facial Syndrome
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