scholarly journals Conditioned soils reveal plant-selected microbial communities that impact plant drought response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Monohon ◽  
Daniel K. Manter ◽  
Jorge M. Vivanco
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Drought Resistant

AbstractRhizobacterial communities can contribute to plant trait expression and performance, including plant tolerance against abiotic stresses such as drought. The conditioning of microbial communities related to disease resistance over generations has been shown to develop suppressive soils which aid in plant defense responses. Here, we applied this concept for the development of drought resistant soils. We hypothesized that soils conditioned under severe drought stress and tomato cultivation over two generations, will allow for plant selection of rhizobacterial communities that provide plants with improved drought resistant traits. Surprisingly, the plants treated with a drought-conditioned microbial inoculant showed significantly decreased plant biomass in two generations of growth. Microbial community composition was significantly different between the inoculated and control soils within each generation (i.e., microbial history effect) and for the inoculated soils between generations (i.e., conditioning effect). These findings indicate a substantial effect of conditioning soils on the abiotic stress response and microbial recruitment of tomato plants undergoing drought stress.

Microbiota community assembly in wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) in response to drought stress shows phylogenetic conservation, stochasticity, and aboveground-belowground patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xia ding ◽  
Xiaojue Peng ◽  
Zhichao Chen ◽  
Yingjie Li ◽  
Lihui Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Oryza Longistaminata ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Microbiome Assembly

Abstract Background Drought is a global environmental stress that limits crop yields. Microbial communities control many biogeochemical processes, and a predictive understanding of how crop microbial communities assemble in response to drought stress is central to addressing the challenges caused by drought. Little is known about the microbiome assembly processes in rice-ecosystems, particularly with regard to their environmental adaptation. Wild rice may serve as a source of superior drought tolerance candidate for rice breeding. There is an urgent need to explore wild rice resistance mechanisms to drought stress. Here, we evaluated the effect of drought stress on the microbial community recruitment and assembly in the endosphere (leaf, stem, and root) and rhizosphere of Oryza longistaminata. Results Species replacement was the dominant process shaping microbial community composition under drought stress. O. longistaminata recruited the phyla Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, the genus Streptomyces, and phototrophic prokaryotes to improve its fitness. The host exerted strong effects on microbiome assembly, and the responses of the microbial community structure to the drought environment showed above- and belowground patterns. Drought reduced taxonomic α-diversity and destabilized co-occurrence network properties in the leaves and stems, but not in the roots and rhizosphere. Drought promoted the restructuring and strengthening of belowground network links to more strongly interconnect network properties. The drought response of the microbiome was phylogenetically conserved. Stochastic (neutral) processes acted on microbial community reassembly in response to drought stress across all four compartments. Conclusions Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms through which drought alters microbial community assembly in drought-tolerant wild rice and reveal a potential strategy for manipulating plant microbiomes to improve crop fitness.

scholarly journals What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tokarz ◽  
Tomasz Wójtowicz ◽  
Wojciech Makowski ◽  
Roman J. Jędrzejczyk ◽  
Krzysztof M. Tokarz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L

Understanding the mechanisms of plant tolerance to osmotic and chemical stress is fundamental to maintaining high crop productivity. Soil drought often occurs in combination with physiological drought, which causes chemical stress due to high concentrations of ions. Hence, it is often assumed that the acclimatization of plants to salinity and drought follows the same mechanisms. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume plant with extraordinary tolerance to severe drought and moderate salinity. The aim of the presented study was to compare acclimatization strategies of grass pea seedlings to osmotic (PEG) and chemical (NaCl) stress on a physiological level. Concentrations of NaCl and PEG were adjusted to create an osmotic potential of a medium at the level of 0.0, −0.45 and −0.65 MPa. The seedlings on the media with PEG were much smaller than those growing in the presence of NaCl, but had a significantly higher content percentage of dry weight. Moreover, the stressors triggered different accumulation patterns of phenolic compounds, soluble and insoluble sugars, proline and β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diamino propionic acid, as well as peroxidase and catalase activity. Our results showed that drought stress induced a resistance mechanism consisting of growth rate limitation in favor of osmotic adjustment, while salinity stress induced primarily the mechanisms of efficient compartmentation of harmful ions in the roots and shoots. Furthermore, our results indicated that grass pea plants differed in their response to drought and salinity from the very beginning of stress occurrence.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Nasser Al-Suhaibani ◽  
Nawab Ali ◽  
Mohammad Akmal ◽  
Majed Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

Drought stress, being the inevitable factor that exists in various environments without recognizing borders and no clear warning thereby hampering plant biomass production, quality, and energy. It is the key important environmental stress that occurs due to temperature dynamics, light intensity, and low rainfall. Despite this, its cumulative, not obvious impact and multidimensional nature severely affects the plant morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes with adverse impact on photosynthetic capacity. Coping with water scarcity, plants evolve various complex resistance and adaptation mechanisms including physiological and biochemical responses, which differ with species level. The sophisticated adaptation mechanisms and regularity network that improves the water stress tolerance and adaptation in plants are briefly discussed. Growth pattern and structural dynamics, reduction in transpiration loss through altering stomatal conductance and distribution, leaf rolling, root to shoot ratio dynamics, root length increment, accumulation of compatible solutes, enhancement in transpiration efficiency, osmotic and hormonal regulation, and delayed senescence are the strategies that are adopted by plants under water deficit. Approaches for drought stress alleviations are breeding strategies, molecular and genomics perspectives with special emphasis on the omics technology alteration i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, glyomics and phenomics that improve the stress tolerance in plants. For drought stress induction, seed priming, growth hormones, osmoprotectants, silicon (Si), selenium (Se) and potassium application are worth using under drought stress conditions in plants. In addition, drought adaptation through microbes, hydrogel, nanoparticles applications and metabolic engineering techniques that regulate the antioxidant enzymes activity for adaptation to drought stress in plants, enhancing plant tolerance through maintenance in cell homeostasis and ameliorates the adverse effects of water stress are of great potential in agriculture.

scholarly journals Physiological Mechanism of Drought-Resistant Rice Coping with Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benfu Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Yang ◽  
Jianping Cheng ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Mild Drought

Abstract Drought stress is one of major threats to rice production. The weakening of leaf photosynthesis due to drought is the main reason for the reduction of grain yield, but its mechanism is still obscure. The objectives of this study were to reveal the physiological mechanism of drought stress affecting photosynthetic capacity and grain yield. Pot experiments were conducted with three rice cultivars, Hanyou113 (HY113), Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and Zhonghan3 (ZH3) under four water management treatments (traditional flooding (CK), mild drought stress (LD), moderate drought stress (MD) and severe drought stress (HD)) in 2013 and 2014. Compared with CK, grain yield was significantly reduced by 14.9%, 30.8% and 12.8% in HY113, HHZ and ZH3 under mild drought stress, 32.9%, 33.7% and 22.9% in HY113, HHZ and ZH3 under moderate drought stress and 53.6%, 45.6% and 30.7% in HY113, HHZ and ZH3 under severe drought stress, respectively. The photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased by 49.0% from 20.0 to 10.2 µmol m-2 s-1 in HY113, and 67.6% from 23.4 to 7.58 µmol m-2 s-1 in HHZ, and 39.3% from 23.4 to 14.2 in ZH3. The Pn of HHZ was similar to that of ZH3 under CK conditions. The yield reduction of drought-resistant cultivars was smaller than that of conventional cultivars. Maintaining leaf water potentia (LWP), Pn, photosystem II (PSII) original light energy conversion efficiency, non–photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), and increasing in the ratio of photochemical reaction energy in fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activity, is the physiological basis to achieve a relatively high photosynthesis. These traits could be the target for breeder to developing drought-tolerant varieties.

scholarly journals Foliar selenium application for improving drought tolerance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Le Vinh Thuc ◽  
Jun-Ichi Sakagami ◽  
Le Thanh Hung ◽  
Tran Ngoc Huu ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Khuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Abstract Drought is the main constraint for crop growth worldwide. Selenium reportedly plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to drought stress. In this study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of foliar selenium application on the drought tolerance of sesame. Five selenium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) were used in the first experiment. Water deficit was triggered 25 days after sowing. The application of 5 or 10 mg/L of selenium maintained the number of leaves and increased the number of capsules. However, higher concentrations induced necrosis. The second experiment aimed to study the effect of selenium concentrations (5 and 10 mg/L) and the number of applications (one to three times). Drought stress was triggered 50 days after sowing, and selenium was sprayed 50, 55, and 60 days after sowing. The results indicated that a one-time foliar selenium application of 5 mg/L was able to maintain the number of leaves and to increase proline accumulation, plant biomass, and grain weight per plant. This finding confirms that selenium can be applied to enhance sesame’s tolerance to drought stress.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Results in a Compartment-Specific Restructuring of the Rice Root-Associated Microbiomes

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Santos-Medellín ◽  
Joseph Edwards ◽  
Zachary Liechty ◽  
Bao Nguyen ◽  
Venkatesan Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

ABSTRACT Plant roots support complex microbial communities that can influence plant growth, nutrition, and health. While extensive characterizations of the composition and spatial compartmentalization of these communities have been performed in different plant species, there is relatively little known about the impact of abiotic stresses on the root microbiota. Here, we have used rice as a model to explore the responses of root microbiomes to drought stress. Using four distinct genotypes, grown in soils from three different fields, we tracked the drought-induced changes in microbial composition in the rhizosphere (the soil immediately surrounding the root), the endosphere (the root interior), and unplanted soils. Drought significantly altered the overall bacterial and fungal compositions of all three communities, with the endosphere and rhizosphere compartments showing the greatest divergence from well-watered controls. The overall response of the bacterial microbiota to drought stress was taxonomically consistent across soils and cultivars and was primarily driven by an enrichment of multiple Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi, as well as a depletion of several Acidobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. While there was some overlap in the changes observed in the rhizosphere and endosphere communities, several drought-responsive taxa were compartment specific, a pattern likely arising from preexisting compositional differences, as well as plant-mediated processes affecting individual compartments. These results reveal that drought stress, in addition to its well-characterized effects on plant physiology, also results in restructuring of root microbial communities and suggest the possibility that constituents of the altered plant microbiota might contribute to plant survival under extreme environmental conditions. IMPORTANCE With the likelihood that changes in global climate will adversely affect crop yields, the potential role of microbial communities in enhancing plant performance makes it important to elucidate the responses of plant microbiomes to environmental variation. By detailed characterization of the effect of drought stress on the root-associated microbiota of the crop plant rice, we show that the rhizosphere and endosphere communities undergo major compositional changes that involve shifts in the relative abundances of a taxonomically diverse set of bacteria in response to drought. These drought-responsive microbes, in particular those enriched under water deficit conditions, could potentially benefit the plant as they could contribute to tolerance to drought and other abiotic stresses, as well as provide protection from opportunistic infection by pathogenic microbes. The identification and future isolation of microbes that promote plant tolerance to drought could potentially be used to mitigate crop losses arising from adverse shifts in climate. IMPORTANCE With the likelihood that changes in global climate will adversely affect crop yields, the potential role of microbial communities in enhancing plant performance makes it important to elucidate the responses of plant microbiomes to environmental variation. By detailed characterization of the effect of drought stress on the root-associated microbiota of the crop plant rice, we show that the rhizosphere and endosphere communities undergo major compositional changes that involve shifts in the relative abundances of a taxonomically diverse set of bacteria in response to drought. These drought-responsive microbes, in particular those enriched under water deficit conditions, could potentially benefit the plant as they could contribute to tolerance to drought and other abiotic stresses, as well as provide protection from opportunistic infection by pathogenic microbes. The identification and future isolation of microbes that promote plant tolerance to drought could potentially be used to mitigate crop losses arising from adverse shifts in climate.

scholarly journals Peanut Breeding for Drought Resistance1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
C. K. Kvien
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Pedigree Selection ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
The University

Abstract Because drought continues to be a major limiting environmental factor in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production, a breeding strategy for developing drought resistance was initiated in the early 1980's at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station. Crosses were made between advanced breeding lines and drought resistant germplasm. Rainout shelters were used between 60 and 120 days after planting to provide mid-season drought stress so that pedigree selection could be made within early-segregating generations. Eight pure-line selections from the GA T-2465 × Tifton-8 cross combination were first evaluation in irrigated yield trials. The Georgia selection, GA 901412 now GA T-2842, had the highest pod yield in two irrigated test during 1989 and 1990, and was found to have a 25% yield advantage over Florunner under severe drought stress during 1990. In 1991, this same drought resistant selection again had the top yield over 16 other Virginia/runner type cultivars in each dryland test at two Georgia locations. Thus, progress has been made in developing adapted drought resistant Georgia breeding lines, and such a breeding approach merits consideration for developing future drought resistant candivars.

scholarly journals Plant Tolerance to Drought Stress in the Presence of Supporting Bacteria and Fungi: An Efficient Strategy in Horticulture

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Hanaka ◽  
Ewa Ozimek ◽  
Emilia Reszczyńska ◽  
Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł ◽  
Maria Stolarz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Impact

Increasing temperature leads to intensive water evaporation, contributing to global warming and consequently leading to drought stress. These events are likely to trigger modifications in plant physiology and microbial functioning due to the altered availability of nutrients. Plants exposed to drought have developed different strategies to cope with stress by morphological, physiological, anatomical, and biochemical responses. First, visible changes influence plant biomass and consequently limit the yield of crops. The presented review was undertaken to discuss the impact of climate change with respect to drought stress and its impact on the performance of plants inoculated with plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM). The main challenge for optimal performance of horticultural plants is the application of selected, beneficial microorganisms which actively support plants during drought stress. The most frequently described biochemical mechanisms for plant protection against drought by microorganisms are the production of phytohormones, antioxidants and xeroprotectants, and the induction of plant resistance. Rhizospheric or plant surface-colonizing (rhizoplane) and interior (endophytic) bacteria and fungi appear to be a suitable alternative for drought-stress management. Application of various biopreparations containing PGPM seems to provide hope for a relatively cheap, easy to apply and efficient way of alleviating drought stress in plants, with implications in productivity and food condition.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

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