scholarly journals Investigating the Campylobacter enteritis winter peak in Germany, 2018/2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina M. Rosner ◽  
Martyna Gassowski ◽  
Stefan Albrecht ◽  
Klaus Stark
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Winter Peak ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Case Design ◽  
Control Study

AbstractSurveillance of notified Campylobacter enteritis in Germany revealed a recurrent annual increase of cases with disease onset several days after the Christmas and New Year holidays (“winter peak”). We suspected that handling and consumption of chicken meat during fondue and raclette grill meals on the holidays were associated with winter peak Campylobacter infections. The hypothesis was investigated in a case–control study with a case-case design where notified Campylobacter enteritis cases served as case-patients as well as control-patients, depending on their date of disease onset (case-patients: 25/12/2018 to 08/01/2019; control-patients: any other date between 30/11/2018 and 28/02/2019). The study was conducted as an online survey from 21/01/2019 to 18/03/2019. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were determined in single-variable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age group and sex. We analysed 182 data sets from case-patients and 260 from control-patients and found associations of Campylobacter infections after the holidays with meat fondue (aOR 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–3.8) and raclette grill meals with meat (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.4) consumed on the holidays. The associations were stronger when chicken meat was served at these meals (fondue with chicken meat: aOR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4–5.5; raclette grill meal with chicken meat: aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3–4.1). The results confirmed our initial hypothesis. To prevent Campylobacter winter peak cases in the future, consumers should be made more aware of the risks of a Campylobacter infection when handling raw meat, in particular chicken, during fondue or raclette grill meals on the holidays.

scholarly journals 717. Antibiotic treatment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli related gastroenteritis and the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome: a population based matched case-control study in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S409-S410
Author(s):  
Shota Myojin ◽  
Kyongsun Pak ◽  
Mayumi Sako ◽  
Tohru Kobayashi ◽  
Takuri Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The role of therapeutic intervention, particularly antibiotics, for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) related infection is controversial. Methods We performed a population based matched case-control study to assess the association between treatment (antibiotics, antidiarrheal agents and probiotics) for STEC related infections and HUS development. We identified all STEC HUS patients as cases and matched five non-HUS patients as controls using the data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018. Further medical information was obtained by standardized questionnaires answered by physicians who registered each patient. We used multivariate conditional logistic regression model to evaluate the association between exposures (use of antibiotics, use of antidiarrheal agents, days between disease onset and fosfomycin administration [within two or three days]) and the development of HUS, by matched odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Covariates we used were sex, age group, area code, presence of diarrhea and other factors. We also performed subgroup analyses using age (adults and children) as a stratification factor. Results 7,760 STEC related patients were registered in the NESID. We selected patients who had a record of HUS diagnosis (n=182) and matched controls without HUS (n=910). After collecting standardized paper-based questionnaires, we enrolled 90 HUS patients and 371 non-HUS patients for analysis. In the main analysis, matched OR of fosfomycin was 0.75(0.47-1.20) in all ages, 1.41(0.51-3.88) in adults and 0.58(0.34-1.01) in children. Matched OR of antidiarrheal agents was 2.07(1.07-4.03) in all ages, 1.84(0.32-10.53) in adults, 2.65(1.21-5.82) in children. Matched OR of probiotics was 0.86(0.46-1.61) in all ages, 0.76(0.21-2.71) in adults, 1.00(0.48-2.09) in children. There was no significant association between the timing of fosfomycin use in the first two or five days of illness and HUS development in any age group. Conclusion Our results suggest that fosfomycin might decrease the risk of HUS in children younger than 15 years of age with STEC confirmed bacterial gastroenteritis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals QT Interval Changes in Children With Febrile Convulsion Comparing With Healthy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alireza Teimouri ◽  
◽  
Noor Mohammad Noori ◽  
Ali Khajeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qt Interval ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Febrile Convulsion ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pediatric Cardiologist ◽  
Control Study

A temperature-related seizure is a febrile seizure that affects the QT interval. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the QT interval caused by febrile convulsion compared with healthy children. Method This case-control study considered the distribution of 180 children equally shared between patients and controls. The study was conducted at the "Ali Ebne Abi Talib" Hospital in Zahedan, Iran. The disease diagnosed and confirmed based on standard definitions of febrile convulsion. QT interval measured by ECG and interpreted by a pediatric cardiologist and collected data were analyzed with SPSS 19 considering 0.05 as significant error. Results Among the ECG parameters, HR, R in aVL, S in V3, LVM, QTd, QTc and QTcd were significantly different in children with febrile convulsion compared to the peers. From those who had abnormal QTd, FC children were more frequented but not significant (CHI SQUARE=1.053, p=0.248), when children with FC were more in abnormality regarding QTc (CHI SQUARE=13.032, p<0.001) and QTcd (CHI SQUARE=21.6, P<0.001) significantly. In children with FC, those who were aged less than 12 months, had the highest level of HR but not significant (CHI SQUARE=4.59, p=0.101). Similar trends occurred for R in aVL and S in V3 that were higher in the age group >24 months (p>0.05). LVM had the highest value in the age group of >24 months significantly (CHI SQUARE= 52.674, P<0.001) and the other QT parameters were same in Fc children with different age groups (P>0.05). Conclusion From the study concluded that dispersion corrected QT, corrected QT and dispersion QT changed significantly in children with febrile convulsion in comparing with the healthy children but with constant values in children with FC in different age groups.

scholarly journals Risk factors for progression of juvenile-onset non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis to juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis: a nested case–control study

RMD Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001867
Author(s):  
Hao-Guang Li ◽  
Dan-Min Wang ◽  
Feng-Cai Shen ◽  
Shu-Xin Huang ◽  
Zhi-Duo Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Buttock Pain ◽  
Juvenile Onset ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical characteristics of juvenile-onset non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) and to investigate risk factors associated with progression to juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis (JoAS).MethodsA nested case–control study was conducted using the retrospectively collected data of 106 patients with juvenile-onset nr-axSpA (age at disease onset, <16 years) in the Clinical characteristic and Outcome in Chinese Axial Spondyloarthritis study cohort. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and prognosis were reviewed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors associated with progression to JoAS.ResultsOverall, 58.5% of patients with juvenile-onset nr-axSpA presented with peripheral symptoms at disease onset. In 82.1% of these patients, axial with peripheral involvement occurred during the disease course. The rate of disease onset at >12 years and disease duration of ≤10 years were significantly higher in those with progression to JoAS than in those without progression to JoAS (83.0% vs 52.8%, p=0.001; 92.5% vs 56.6%, p<0.001, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that inflammatory back pain (IBP) (OR 13.359 (95% CI 2.549 to 70.013)), buttock pain (OR 10.171 (95% CI 2.197 to 47.085)), enthesitis (OR 7.113 (95% CI 1.670 to 30.305)), elevated baseline C reactive protein (CRP) levels (OR 7.295 (95% CI 1.984 to 26.820)) and sacroiliac joint-MRI (SIJ-MRI) positivity (OR 53.821 (95% CI 9.705 to 298.475)) were significantly associated with progression to JoAS.ConclusionPeripheral involvement was prevalent in juvenile-onset nr-axSpA. IBP, buttock pain, enthesitis, elevated baseline CRP levels and SIJ-MRI positivity in patients with the disease are associated with higher risk of progression to JoAS.

Body size and the risk of multiple sclerosis in Norway and Italy: The EnvIMS study

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Wesnes ◽  
Trond Riise ◽  
Ilaria Casetta ◽  
Jelena Drulovic ◽  
Enrico Granieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Body ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Control Study

Background: Obesity may be a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: We examined if body size influences the risk of MS in a population-based, case control study. Methods: A total of 953 cases and 1717 controls from Norway and 707 cases and 1333 controls from Italy reported their body size by choosing a silhouette 1 to 9 (largest) every fifth year from age 5 to 30 and at time of study. The body size-related MS risk was defined by odds ratios (ORs) in logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, smoking and outdoor activity. Results: In Norway a large body size (silhouettes 6–9) compared to silhouette 3 increased the risk of MS, especially at age 25 (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.09–4.46 for men and OR 1.43; 95% CI 0.90–2.27 for women). When comparing silhouette 9 to 1, we found a significant dose-response from age 10 until age 30 peaking at age 25 (sex-adjusted OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.68–4.78). The association was present for at least 15 years prior to disease onset. No significant associations were found in Italy. Conclusions: Obesity from childhood until young adulthood is a likely risk factor for MS with a seemingly stronger effect in Norway than in Italy.

scholarly journals Smoking, the environment and meningococcal disease: a case control study

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Stanwell ◽  
J. M. Stuart ◽  
A. O. Hughes ◽  
P. Robinson ◽  
M. B. Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThis case control study investigated environmental factors in 74 confirmed cases of meningococcal disease (MD). In children aged under 5, passive smoking in the home (30 or more cigarettes daily) was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–38.66). ORs increased both with the numbers of cigarettes smoked and with the number of smokers in the household, suggesting a dose–response relationship. MD in this age group was also significantly associated with household overcrowding (more than 1.5 persons per room) (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.10–32.8), with kisses on the mouth with 4 or more contacts in the previous 2 weeks (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.09–5.56), with exposure to dust from plaster, brick or stone in the previous 2 weeks (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.07–4.65); and with changes in residence (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0–8.99), marital arguments (OR 3.0, 95 % CI 1.26–7.17) and legal disputes in the previous 6 months (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.24–7.78). These associations were independent of social class. Public health measures to lower the prevalence of cigarette smoking by parents of young children may reduce the incidence of MD. The influence of building dust and stressful life events merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Are infectious diseases risk factors for sarcoidosis or a result of reverse causation? Findings from a population-based nested case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1087-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Rossides ◽  
Susanna Kullberg ◽  
Johan Askling ◽  
Anders Eklund ◽  
Johan Grunewald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Reverse Causation ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractFindings from molecular studies suggesting that several infectious agents cause sarcoidosis are intriguing yet conflicting and likely biased due to their cross-sectional design. As done in other inflammatory diseases to overcome this issue, prospectively-collected register data could be used, but reverse causation is a threat when the onset of disease is difficult to establish. We investigated the association between infectious diseases and sarcoidosis to understand if they are etiologically related. We conducted a nested case–control study (2009–2013) using incident sarcoidosis cases from the Swedish National Patient Register (n = 4075) and matched general population controls (n = 40,688). Infectious disease was defined using inpatient/outpatient visits and/or antimicrobial dispensations starting 3 years before diagnosis/matching. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of sarcoidosis were estimated using conditional logistic regression and tested for robustness assuming the presence of reverse causation bias. The aOR of sarcoidosis associated with history of infectious disease was 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 1.29; 21% vs. 16% exposed cases and controls, respectively). Upper respiratory and ocular infections conferred the highest OR. Findings were similar when we altered the infection definition or varied the infection-sarcoidosis latency period (1–7 years). In bias analyses assuming one in 10 infections occurred because of preclinical sarcoidosis, the observed association was completely attenuated (aOR 1.02; 95% CI 0.90, 1.15). Our findings, likely induced by reverse causation due to preclinical sarcoidosis, do not support the hypothesis that common symptomatic infectious diseases are etiologically linked to sarcoidosis. Caution for reverse causation bias is required when the real disease onset is unknown.

scholarly journals A CASE CONTROL STUDY ON DETERMINANTS OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IN SCHOOL CHIL-DREN OF CHITRADURGA CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Prakruthi G. M. ◽  
Bharathi D. R. ◽  
Yogananda R.
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease in which many cells and cellular elements play a role often arising from allergies, subsequently cause shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing it affects children in different ways. To study the sociodemographic characteristics of asthmatic children and compare the predisposing factors of asthma in children.Methods: A Community based Case control study in selected schools in chitradurga for a period of 6 mo. A total of 90 children, among which 30 asthma children and 60 non asthma children were participated. Odds ratio will be calculated to know the strength of association. chi square test will be calculated to the significance.Results: A total of 90 children aged<14 y data. Female children are more exposed to asthma than male. In childhood asthma age group between 10-14years the age group of 10 y(26.7%) and 12 y (26.7%) were more exposed to the asthma.Conclusion: In Chitradurga city, the study area, is of no exception with regard to case control. From the total of 90 children selected for the study majority were found risk factors affected. It was due to their family history, exposure to pet animals, allergy, age group, BMI and sex.

Coagulation Parameters among Women with Obstetric Complications in Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Onuigwe Festus Uchechukwu ◽  
Khadija Bello Tudu ◽  
Erhabor Osaro ◽  
Buhari Hauwa Ali ◽  
Bagudo Aliyu Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Counting Chamber ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Control Study

Background and Aim: Obstetric complications are part of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of   complications on the Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and platelet count (PLC). Women with obstetric complications were recruited as subjects). Pregnant women without complications were included as controls. Study Design: This is a case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Specialist Hospital Sokoto and the duration was six months. Methodology: Pregnant women aged 18–41 years (mean age 29.5 years) were recruited for the study. The determination of PT and APTT was done by manual methods using commercially prepared Agappe reagent kits, whereas PLC was done by manual methods using a haemocytometer (Improved Neubauer counting chamber). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The results of PT and APTT were significantly higher among women with obstetric complications (14.26±0.23 seconds and 31.32±0.70 second) compared to normal pregnant women (13.00 ± 0.13 seconds and 29.66±0.33) (P<0.05). The PLC was significantly lower among women with obstetric complications compared to women without obstetric complications (P< 0.05).Obstetric complications in subject show a significant association when compared with PT and APTT (P< 0.05). The age group of subjects shows a significant association when compared with APTT (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Findings from this study have shown that obstetric complications causes decrease in platelet count and prolongation in PT and APTT. There is need to assess the PT, APTT and Platelet count routinely for pregnant women to improve the ante-natal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto.

Stressful Life Events as a Risk Factor for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Onset: A Population-Based Case–Control Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lerebours ◽  
Corinne Gower-Rousseau ◽  
Veronique Merle ◽  
Franck Brazier ◽  
Stephane Debeugny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk factors for campylobacter infection in infants and young children: a matched case-control study

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. TENKATE ◽  
R. J. STAFFORD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Campylobacter infection has one of the highest rates of all the notifiable diseases in Australia, with a peak in children aged 0–35 months. A matched case-control study was conducted to investigate risk factors for campylobacter infection for children in this age group. Eighty-one cases and 144 controls were enrolled in the study that was conducted between 24 January 1996 and 21 January 1997. The following risk factors were found to be independently associated with illness: ownership of pet puppies (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 16·58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3·73–73·65) and pet chickens (OR 11·80, CI 1·37–101·75), and consumption of mayonnaise (OR 4·13, CI 1·61–10·59). We propose that children aged less than 3 years are at risk of campylobacter infection if residing in a household which has puppies or chickens as pets.

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