scholarly journals Low parasite connectivity among three malaria hotspots in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Han Chang ◽  
Meng-Chun Chang ◽  
Mathew Kiang ◽  
Ayesha S. Mahmud ◽  
Nattwut Ekapirat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
The West ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Transmission Foci

AbstractIdentifying sources and sinks of malaria transmission is critical for designing effective intervention strategies particularly as countries approach elimination. The number of malaria cases in Thailand decreased 90% between 2012 and 2020, yet elimination has remained a major public health challenge with persistent transmission foci and ongoing importation. There are three main hotspots of malaria transmission in Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani and Sisaket in the Northeast; Tak in the West; and Yala in the South. However, the degree to which these hotspots are connected via travel and importation has not been well characterized. Here, we develop a metapopulation model parameterized by mobile phone call detail record data to estimate parasite flow among these regions. We show that parasite connectivity among these regions was limited, and that each of these provinces independently drove the malaria transmission in nearby provinces. Overall, our results suggest that due to the low probability of domestic importation between the transmission hotspots, control and elimination strategies can be considered separately for each region.

scholarly journals Mosquito Longevity, Vector Capacity, and Malaria Incidence in West Timor and Central Java, Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermi Ndoen ◽  
Clyde Wild ◽  
Pat Dale ◽  
Neil Sipe ◽  
Mike Dale
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
The State ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Anopheline Mosquito ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Vector Capacity ◽  
West Timor

The aim of this paper was to relate anopheline mosquito longevity to malaria incidence in two areas in Indonesia: West Timor and Central Java. We estimated the physiological age of females captured landing on humans or resting inside and outside buildings. The estimate was based on the state of the ovaries and was used to estimate longevity. The results showed that there were large differences between the two areas surveyed. In West Timor the longevity of the anophelines ranged from 13 to 23 days, sufficient for completing the intrinsic incubation cycle and for malaria transmission, whereas in Central Java the longevity was only 3 days, insufficient both for incubation and for transmission. We concluded that the West Timor study area had a greater risk of malaria transmission than that of Central Java and this was supported by village survey data that showed greater malaria incidence in West Timor than in Central Java.

scholarly journals Reducing Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Transmission in Africa: A Model-Based Evaluation of Intervention Strategies

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e1000324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie T. Griffin ◽  
T. Deirdre Hollingsworth ◽  
Lucy C. Okell ◽  
Thomas S. Churcher ◽  
Michael White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Model Based

scholarly journals Measuring Stress in Health Professionals over the Phone using Automatic Speech Analysis during COVID-19 Pandemic : Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra König ◽  
Kevin Riviere ◽  
Nicklas Linz ◽  
Julia Elbaum ◽  
Roxane Fabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Stress Levels

BACKGROUND During the current COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals are directly confronted with the suffering of patients and their families. By making them main actors in the management of this health crisis, they are exposed to various psychosocial risks (stress, trauma, fatigue, etc.). Paradoxically, stress-related symptoms are often underreported in this vulnerable population but potentially detectable through passive monitoring of changes in speech behavior. OBJECTIVE The study aims to investigate the use of a rapid and remote measure of stress levels in health professionals working during this COVID 19 outbreak through the analysis of their speech behavior during a short phone call conversation, and in particular a positive/negative and neutral story telling task. METHODS For this, speech samples of 89 healthcare professionals were collected over the phone and various voice features extracted and compared with classical stress measures via standard questionnaires. Regression analysis was additionally performed. RESULTS Certain speech characteristics correlated with stress levels in both genders; mainly spectral (formant) features as the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and prosodic characteristics such as the fundamental frequency (F0) seemed sensitive to stress. Overall, for both male and female participants, using vocal features from the positive tasks for regression yielded most accurate prediction results of stress scores (MAE = 5.31). CONCLUSIONS Automatic speech analysis could help with early detection of subtle signs of stress in vulnerable populations over the phone. Combining the use of this technology with timely intervention strategies it could contribute to the prevention of burn outs as well as the development of co-morbidities such as depression or anxiety.

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiological evaluation of malaria transmission in The Gambia before and after mass drug administration

BMC Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Wu ◽  
Julia Mwesigwa ◽  
Muna Affara ◽  
Mamadou Bah ◽  
Simon Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
The West ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background As The Gambia aims to achieve malaria elimination by 2030, serological assays are a useful surveillance tool to monitor trends in malaria incidence and evaluate community-based interventions. Methods Within a mass drug administration (MDA) study in The Gambia, where reduced malaria infection and clinical disease were observed after the intervention, a serological sub-study was conducted in four study villages. Spatio-temporal variation in transmission was measured with a panel of recombinant Pf antigens on a multiplexed bead-based assay. Village-level antibody levels were quantified as under-15 sero-prevalence, sero-conversion rates, and age-adjusted antibody acquisition rates. Antibody levels prior to MDA were assessed for association with persistent malaria infection after community chemoprophylaxis. Results Seasonal changes in antibodies to Etramp5.Ag1 were observed in children under 15 years in two transmission settings—the West Coast and Upper River Regions (4.32% and 31.30% Pf prevalence, respectively). At the end of the malaria season, short-lived antibody responses to Etramp5.Ag1, GEXP18, HSP40.Ag1, EBA175 RIII-V, and Rh2.2030 were lower amongst 1–15 year olds in the West Coast compared to the Upper River, reflecting known differences in transmission. Prior to MDA, individuals in the top 50th percentile of antibody levels had two-fold higher odds of clinical malaria during the transmission season, consistent with previous findings from the Malaria Transmission Dynamics Study, where individuals infected before the implementation of MDA had two-fold higher odds of re-infection post-MDA. Conclusions Serological markers can serve dual functions as indicators of malaria exposure and incidence. By monitoring age-specific sero-prevalence, the magnitude of age-stratified antibody levels, or identifying groups of individuals with above-average antibody responses, these antigens have the potential to complement conventional malaria surveillance tools. Further studies, particularly cluster randomised trials, can help establish standardised serological protocols to reliably measure transmission across endemic settings.

scholarly journals Sources and sinks of CO2 in the west coast of Bay of Bengal

Tellus B ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 10961 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. S. S. Sarma ◽  
M. S. Krishna ◽  
V. D. Rao ◽  
R. Viswanadham ◽  
N. A. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Sources And Sinks

scholarly journals Integrating rapid risk mapping and mobile phone call record data for strategic malaria elimination planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Tatem ◽  
Zhuojie Huang ◽  
Clothilde Narib ◽  
Udayan Kumar ◽  
Deepika Kandula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Record Data

scholarly journals Identifying Malaria Transmission Foci for Elimination Using Human Mobility Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e1004846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick W. Ruktanonchai ◽  
Patrick DeLeenheer ◽  
Andrew J. Tatem ◽  
Victor A. Alegana ◽  
T. Trevor Caughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Transmission Foci

Bifurcation analysis of a metapopulation model with sources and sinks

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gyllenberg ◽  
A. V. Osipov ◽  
G. Söderbacka
Keyword(s):  
Bifurcation Analysis ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Sources And Sinks

scholarly journals Malaria prevalence and associated risk factors in Dembiya district, North-western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihretu Tarekegn ◽  
Habte Tekie ◽  
Sisay Dugassa ◽  
Yitbarek Wolde-Hawariat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Ethiopia embarked on combating malaria with an aim to eliminate malaria from low transmission districts by 2030. A continuous monitoring of malaria prevalence in areas under elimination settings is important to evaluate the status of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of the currently existing malaria intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and associated risk factors in selected areas of Dembiya district. Methods A cross-sectional parasitological and retrospective survey was conducted in the two localities of Dembiya District, selected based on their long standing history of implementing malaria prevention and elimination strategies. Thin and thick blood smears collected from 735 randomly selected individuals between October and December, 2018 were microscopically examined for malaria parasites. Six years (2012–2017) retrospective malaria data was collected from the medical records of the health centres. Structured questionnaires were prepared to collect information about the socio-economic data of the population. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine a key risk factor explaining the prevalence of malaria. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The 6-year retrospective malaria prevalence trend indicates an overall malaria prevalence of 22.4%, out of which Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species. From a total of 735 slides examined for the presence of malaria parasites, 3.5% (n = 26) were positive for malaria parasites, in which P. falciparum was more prevalent (n = 17; 2.3%), Plasmodium vivax (n = 5; 0.7%), and mixed infections (n = 4; 0.5%). Males were 2.6 times more likely to be infected with malaria than females (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.0, 6.4), and individuals with frequent outdoor activity were 16.4 times more vulnerable than individuals with limited outdoor activities (AOR = 16.4, 95% CI 1.8, 147.9). Furthermore, awareness about malaria transmission was significantly associated with the prevalence of malaria. Conclusions Malaria is still a public health problem in Dembiya district irrespective of the past and existing vector control interventions. Therefore, the authorities should work on designing alternative intervention strategies targeting outdoor malaria transmission and improving community awareness about malaria transmission and control methods in the study area. For this, continuous monitoring of vectors’ susceptibility, density, and behaviour is very important in such areas.

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