scholarly journals Orangutan mothers adjust their behaviour during food solicitations in a way that likely facilitates feeding skill acquisition in their offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulati Mikeliban ◽  
Belinda Kunz ◽  
Tri Rahmaeti ◽  
Natalie Uomini ◽  
Caroline Schuppli
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Pongo Abelii ◽  
Interactive Nature ◽  
Feeding Skills

AbstractImmature orangutans acquire their feeding skills over several years, via social and independent learning. So far, it has remained uninvestigated to what extent orangutan mothers are actively involved in this learning process. From a fitness point of view, it may be adaptive for mothers to facilitate their offspring’s skill acquisition to make them reach nutritional independence faster. Food solicitations are potential means to social learning which, because of their interactive nature, allow to investigate the degree of active involvement of the mother. To investigate the role of food solicitation and the role of the mother in immatures’ foraging skill acquisition, we analysed 1390 food solicitation events between 21 immature Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) and their mothers, collected over 13 years at the Suaq Balimbing orangutan population. We found that solicitation rates decreased with increasing age of the immatures and increased with increasing processing complexity of the food item. Mothers were more likely to share complex items and showed the highest likelihoods of sharing around the age at which immatures are learning most of their feeding skills. Our results indicate that immature Sumatran orangutans use food solicitation to acquire feeding skills. Furthermore, mothers flexibly adjust their behaviour in a way that likely facilitates their offspring’s skill acquisition. We conclude that orangutan mothers have a more active role in the skill acquisition of their offspring than previously thought.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

Making Learning Meaningful

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Allen ◽  
Christine Landaker
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Studies Teacher ◽  
New Students ◽  
Historical Expertise ◽  
Bias Point

When encouraging readers of history, we have several broad goals for our students as readers and as learners. We want them to leave their reading with some knowledge of content and to be able to discriminate among ideas for significance, bias, point of view, and perspective. We would like them to think about what they learned and how they learned it, acknowledging the value of talk and others’ opinions and ideas when they are forming their own opinions. We would also hope the study we’ve done would prompt them to ask new questions that lead them to further reading and study. At this stage in their lives, these readers have assumed the reader role of “Text Critic” as they analyze, synthesize, apply, and extend their learning into independent learning and historical expertise. Many of us have enjoyed students who see themselves as historical experts. On Christine’s first day as a social studies teacher, before the bell had rung to allow students to enter class, she encountered her first expert in her new students, Stephen:… “So, you’re going to be my U.S. History teacher. What do you know about Patton?” “Do you mean George Patton from World War II?” “Yes. If you’re going to expect me to learn from you, you better know your World War II stuff. And, you’re going to have to have seen the movie. Have you seen it?” “Well, no. But if you have it . . . “I have it right here with me. Watch it tonight and we can talk about it tomorrow.”… Christine had found her first expert—and her first ally. This is the kind of student we hope we foster as we are planning curriculum and instruction throughout the year. In Ways That Work: Putting Social Studies Standards into Practice, Tarry Lindquist expects these outcomes and plans for them at the beginning of the unit. “Whenever I plan a unit, I first brainstorm ways my students can acquire knowledge, manipulate data, practice skills, and apply their understanding through group activities” (1997, 101). As a result of the time Christine and her students spend working on questioning, thoughtful and careful reading, exposure to multiple texts, and sharing ideas with others, the satisfaction of those goals is evident in her classroom.

scholarly journals Is it possible to see darkness? Goethe and Aristotle on the role of light and darkness in vision

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-553
Author(s):  
Svetlana Mesyats
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Color Theory ◽  
Basic Rule ◽  
Transparent Medium ◽  
Role Of Light

J.W. Goethe in his Farbenlehre deduced all physical colors from a simple primordial phenomenon that takes place every time light and darkness act through a semi-transparent colorless medium either on our eyes or on the opposite surfaces. This basic rule of Goethe’s color theory was criticized by his contemporary physicists, who argued that darkness could not play an active role in the origin of colors because of being a mere absence of light. The paper demonstrates that this criticism became possible only if one shares the Newtonian view on the nature of light and darkness. Goethe however held a more traditional point of view, which he traced back to Antiquity and Aristotle. In contrast to Newton and his followers, previous scientists considered light not as an immediate cause of colors but as an actually transparent medium that conveyed colors from the visible objects to the organ of sight. For vision to take place, the color must first affect the light, which in its turn, must affect the faculty of vision. Though it is difficult to say what kind of change the light undergoes when some colored object is seen through it, most Aristotle commentators agree that this change must be real and not mere relational. In Aristotle’s physics, however, things that are capable of acting on and being affected by one another are either contraries or consist of contraries. Therefore, to be visible the color must be either dark or to contain darkness. Thus, assuming that Goethe shared the Aristotelian concept of light, we have to conclude that he was not mistaken saying that darkness "acts” upon our eyes or “is seen through” the illuminated semi-transparent medium.

The Biofeedback Odyssey: From Neal Miller to Current and Future Models of Regulation

Biofeedback ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nava Levit Binnun ◽  
Yulia Golland ◽  
Michael Davidovitch ◽  
Arnon Rolnick
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Interpersonal Interactions ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Regulatory Capacity ◽  
Large Repertoire ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Neal Miller's research on animals and humans launched the field of self-regulation, enabling individuals to take a more active role in their health and well-being. However, his inquiry into whether autonomic operant conditioning occurs remains open to debate. This article contends that present-day biofeedback therapists continue to be confronted by this dilemma. In addition, the authors suggest other models of biofeedback in which the role of the practitioner has been expanded and to which a large repertoire of self-regulation techniques have been added. They propose that, in the future, the regulatory capacity of interpersonal interactions is recognized as in the proffered model of biofeedback, dyadic biofeedback (DBF). DBF allows for real-time training of interpersonal interactions, emphasizing learning through direct observation and active involvement, thus making a return to Miller's model.

scholarly journals Customers’ expectations from savings products

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Stanislav Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Low Interest Rates ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Further Development

Customers expect certain characteristics from long-term savings products. Providers are not able to supply all of these characteristics in one product at the same time. In addition, there are changing attitudes of the savers and the requirements to the financial institutions are evolving. The paper is analyzing the customers’ expectations from the long-term savings products. The manuscript is searching answer which are the most important characteristics of the savings products from the point of view of the client. The research is focused on three main areas: which are the customers’ expectations; what is the current environment in the market of savings products and what developments can we expect in the coming years. One of the conclusions is that the providers have to adapt their products to the customers’ expectations in order to succeed and to reach further development of the markets. Another conclusion is that customer centric products will gain greater trust among potential savers. We believe that the successful saving product has to be simple, transparent and cost-efficient. This reflects the surrounding environment of low interest rates, ageing population, increased informational flow, digitalization and alternative products development. To support the savers and the providers it is needed public help, targeting good coverage and constant efforts for active role of the stakeholders in the savings process.

scholarly journals The attempt to regulate conflict diamonds

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gold
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Conflict Diamonds ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
Peace And Development

NGO's with an interest in peace and development in Africa documented the role of diamonds in conflict while social scientists were researching and modeling the role of natural resources in long-standing violent conflicts. Journalists described what was happening on the ground. The United Nations took an active role as it expanded its mandate to broker and maintain the peace in these conflict zones. And industry, responding to political pressures and changing economic conditions, joined in the efforts to find a solution. Not all governments participated with equal vigor, and many participants prefer to retain a significant degree of ambiguity in the procedures that are established. Future prospects depend upon these stakeholders maintaining an active involvement in the issue. Of even greater importance is to produce a viable pattern of economic development that permits countries to utilize their natural resources without driving conflict.

scholarly journals A Contrastive Analysis of English and Turkish Plural Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Engin Evrim Önem
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Distinctive Features

<p>This morphophonemic study aims to analyze pluralization processes for common nouns in English and native Turkish. To achieve this, a contrastive analysis focusing on English and Turkish plural markers from a structuralist point of view is taken. The results of the analysis reveal the differences and similarities between two languages in terms of plural markers. As for the differences, it is found that English and Turkish differ in regular and irregular plural forms as well as active role of consonants and vowels for pluralization process. Similarities for plural markers include focusing on the final sound of nouns, relying on distinctive features of sounds, employing allomorphs and using plural markers as suffixes for both languages to a varying degree. The findings of this study might help learners of English and Turkish by revealing the differences and similarities in both languages.</p>

scholarly journals Building Ecological Citizenship Through Students Engagement in ‘Green Youth’ Community in Wonosalam Jombang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Akhwani Akhwani ◽  
Agus Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Civic Education ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Ecological Citizenship ◽  
Youth Community

The issue of the ecological crisis has become a global issue that often approaches every country throughout the world. As the implication of the development of Indonesian’s industry among many countries where the environment is damaged. Illegal exploitation of the forest, the rest of the industrial processing in the form of waste or waste that results in an imbalance in the efforts to care for the environment. Leaving aside the role of citizens, in guarding the environment from damage and extinction is a factor in the destruction of the country's future environment. The function and role of educational institutions (schools) has not been maximized with learning that has a sense of crisis towards the environment to building the behavior of educated citizens (students) who have a reflective ability towards themselves as citizens of the surrounding environment. The typology of the character of such citizens is more familiarly referred to as eco citizenship, in addition to having knowledge it also plays an active role and cares for its environment. Therefore, how important is the effort to build student character with the concept of eco citizenship which has moral and ethical competence in caring for, managing and preserving the environment with full responsibility. The aim of this research is to find out how students are involved in the 'green youth' community in building eco citizenship. This study used a qualitative case study approach. The subjects include the student group and the 'green youth' community. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documents. This study expected that the involvement of students in the 'green youth' community with the programs has succeeded in building students who cares about the environment, such an environmentally conscious lifestyle point of view of Civic Education as the development of civic virtue become the estuary of the Civics learning objectives. The virtue of citizens by attending and playing an active role in caring for the environment is achieved thanks to the involvement of the 'green youth' community in developing cognitive competencies, skills, ethics and participation in caring for the environment.

The Role of Turkmen Folk Tales in Children’s Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet KARABAYIR
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Main Factor

The aim of this research is investigating the role and the mission of fairy tales for the elementary school children and finding out what kind of contribution they might have for pedagogical sphere in general. Four fairy tales and their pedagogical components have been studied. Brief summaries are presented. We tried to show that fairy tales, when selected carefully, play an important role in developing children individually and socially and thus can become an important aspect of children’s education. Children who are the main factor of the educational process may become more successful when they play an active role in this particular process rather than being a participant of the ‘classical’ teaching methods when the knowledge is being presented directly by the teacher. Fairy tales, which are one of the most important aspects of active involvement in learning, form a fundamental ground for children’s involvement in the process of acquiring knowledge. Children can identify themselves with a hero of a particular tale, thus having an opportunity to experience the events presented in that tale. This allows a child to gain permanent knowledge and decreases the possibility of forgetting the acquired information.

Service process modularization and modular strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Carlborg ◽  
Daniel Kindström
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Service Infusion ◽  
Cross Case Analysis

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of service modularity in developing and deploying efficient services, while at the same time meeting diverse customer needs. The analysis distinguishes between different service types and sets forth key issues for service modularization, identifying supporting resources (both internal and customer) and associated modular strategies for the different types. Design/methodology/approach – The study design used an exploratory case study approach, focusing on three Swedish manufacturing firms that are moving toward an increased service focus (service infusion). Data were collected through interviews and focus groups, and the collected data were analyzed independently, before being merged and synthesized in a cross-case analysis. Themes and patterns were extracted and linked to the theoretical framework following a systematic combining process. Findings – This study contributes insights to the emerging field of service modularity by investigating process modularization and modular strategies. A framework is put forward outlining modular strategies for four different service types covering both a passive and an active role for a customer. From a theoretical point of view, the role of the customer is added to the discussion to advocate for the necessity of a co-creative perspective in service modularity. Originality/value – This article contributes to the emerging research field of service modularity by providing empirical insights into how modularization and modular strategies can enable more efficient services. Depending on service type, different modular strategies are set forth. This study also highlights the need to recognize customer-specific activities, resources and competencies as pivotal parts of the modular service processes. Such insights are particularly relevant given the established view of service modules as functions of intra-firm activities.

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