scholarly journals Changes in soybean cultivars released over the past 50 years in southern Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Caldas Umburanas ◽  
Jackson Kawakami ◽  
Elizabeth Anna Ainsworth ◽  
José Laércio Favarin ◽  
Leonardo Zabot Anderle ◽  
...  

AbstractOn-farm soybean yield has increased considerably in the last 50 years in southern Brazil, but there is still little information about how selection and breeding for yield increase has changed the agronomic attributes of cultivars. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in soybean yield, seed oil and protein concentration, and changes in plant attributes that might be associated with yield improvement of 26 soybean cultivars released over the past 50 years in southern Brazil, sown simultaneously in a common field environment for two growing seasons. The average rate of yield gain was 45.9 kg ha−1 yr−1 (2.1% ha−1 yr−1), mainly due increased seed number per area and harvest index. Over year of cultivar release, cultivars became less susceptible to lodging, as well as plant mortality reduced. Meanwhile, the seed oil concentration increased, and seed protein concentration decreased, which could have negative consequences for soybeans use and requires further attention for breeding of future cultivars. Breeders have successfully contributed to the annual rate of soybean yield increase in southern Brazil. By our results, as well as the official on-farm production data, there is no evidence of soybean yield reaching a plateau in the near future in southern Brazil.

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhao-ming ◽  
Sun Ya-nan ◽  
Wu Qiong ◽  
Liu Chun-yan ◽  
Hu Guo-hua ◽  
...  

Qi, Z.-m., Sun Y.-n., Wu, Q., Liu, C.-y., Hu, G.-h. and Chen, Q.-s. 2011. A meta-analysis of seed protein concentration QTL in soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 221–230. An integrated map of QTLs related to seed protein concentration in soybean has been constructed, based on the public genetic map, soymap2 as a reference map, along with a set of 107 QTLs reported in the literature over the past 20 yr. Each of these QTLs was projected onto the soymap2 by software package BioMercator v2.1. Twenty-three consensus QTLs were detected. The confidence interval at all sites ranged from 1.52 to 14.31cM, and the proportion of the phenotypic variance associated with each of them from 1.5 to 20.8%. Major chromosomal sites were identified on LG I (Gm20), four important sites were identified, involving LG A1 (Gm05), B2 (Gm14), E (Gm07) and M (Gm15). A meta-analysis approach was used to improve the precision of the location of these sites. These results facilitate gene mining and molecular assist-selection in soybean.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Whiting ◽  
Sepideh Torabi ◽  
Lewis Lukens ◽  
Milad Eskandari

Abstract Background: The production of soy-based food products requires specific physical and chemical characteristics of the soybean seed. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with these traits, such as seed weight,seed protein and sucrose concentrations could accelerate the development of competitive high quality soybean cultivars for the food-grade market through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objectives of this study were to identify and validate QTL associated with these value-added traits in two high-protein recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. Results:Two RIL populations were derived from the high-protein cultivar ‘AC X790P’ (49% protein, dry weight basis), and two high-yielding commercial cultivars, ‘S18-R6’ (41% protein) and ‘S23-T5’ (42% protein). Fourteen large-effect QTL (R2>10%) associated with seed protein concentration were identified. Five of these protein-related QTLwere co-localized with QTL associated with seed sucrose concentration or seed weight. None of the protein-related QTL did not co-localize with seed yield QTL in either population. Sixteen candidate genes with putative roles in protein metabolism were identified within seven of these protein-related regions: qPro_Gm02-3, qPro_Gm04-4, qPro_Gm06-1, qPro_Gm06-3, qPro_Gm06-6, qPro_Gm13-4 and qPro-Gm15-3.Conclusion:The use of RIL populations derived from high-protein parents created a unique opportunity to identify novel QTL that may have been masked by large-effect QTL segregating in populations developed from diverse parental cultivars. Nine QTL associated with seed protein concentration were identified and validated in both high-protein RIL populations. These QTL may be useful in the curated selection of new soybean cultivars for optimized soy-based food products.


2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyar Matyakubov ◽  
Rashit Koshekov ◽  
Meili Avlakulov ◽  
Bakhtiyar Shakirov

One of the most important objectives in the world is to improve rational water resources management methods. In this regard, the rational management of water resources and optimal water resources distribution, especially on on-farm systems, are considered very important. In this direction, given the negative consequences that have developed over the past more than 40 years in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River, the need to improve the methods of effective management of water resources in the Aral Sea basin is urgent.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan

STEAM is an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics. STEAM defined as the integration of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics into a new cross-disciplinary subject in schools. The concept of integrating subjects in Indonesian schools, generally is not new and has not been very successful in the past. Some people consider STEAM as an opportunity while others view it as having problems. Fenny Roshayanti is science educator and researcher that consider STEAM as an opportunity. She has involved the study of STEAM, as an author, educator, academic advisor, and seminar speaker. This article examines what it has been and continues work from Fenny Roshayanti in the science education. Our exploration uses qualitative methods of narrative approaches in the form of biographical studies. Participants as data sources were selected using a purposive sampling technique which was collected based on retrospective interview and naturalistic observation. Data's validity, reliability, and objectivity checked by using external audit techniques. This work explores the powerful of female’s personal style in developing a form of social influence based on her forms of capital as well as address the positive and negative consequences that may follow while implement and research STEAM in teaching classroom.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Cailong Xu ◽  
Ruidong Li ◽  
Wenwen Song ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
...  

Increasing planting density is one of the key management practices to enhance soybean yield. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 including six planting densities and two soybean cultivars to determine the effects of planting density on branch number and yield, and analyze the contribution of branches to yield. The yield of ZZXA12938 was 4389 kg ha−1, which was significantly higher than that of ZH13 (+22.4%). In combination with planting year and cultivar, the soybean yield increased significantly by 16.2%, 31.4%, 41.4%, and 46.7% for every increase in density of 45,000 plants ha−1. Yield will not increase when planting density exceeds 315,000 plants ha−1. A correlation analysis showed that pod number per plant increased with the increased branch number, while pod number per unit area decreased; thus, soybean yield decreased. With the increase of branch number, the branch contribution to yield increased first, and then plateaued. ZH13 could produce a high yield under a lower planting density due to more branches, while ZZXA12938 had a higher yield potential under a higher planting density due to the smaller branch number and higher tolerance to close planting. Therefore, seed yield can be increased by selecting cultivars with a little branching capacity under moderately close planting.


2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (23) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Wang ◽  
Augusto S. Auler ◽  
R. L. Edwards ◽  
Hai Cheng ◽  
Emi Ito ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389-1391
Author(s):  
S. Torabi ◽  
B.T. Stirling ◽  
J. Kobler ◽  
M. Eskandari

OAC Bruton is an indeterminate large-seeded food-grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with high yield potential, high seed protein concentration, and resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). OAC Bruton is developed and recommended for soybean growing areas in southwestern Ontario with 2950 or greater crop heat units. OAC Bruton is classified as a maturity group 1 (MG1) cultivar with a relative maturity of 1.8.


Author(s):  
Giuffrè Angelo Maria ◽  
Nobile Riccardo

Bergamot is a characteristic citrus fruit of the province of Reggio Calabria (South Italy) and until today it was mainly known for the production of its peel essential oil. Since some year, due to the positive feedback from consumers, there has been a growing interest in the bergamot juice which in the past was not used as a beverage because it was considered very sour. The recent studies on the functional aspects of citrus fruits and therefore also on bergamot have made this fruit known to a new youth. They exist three cultivars: Castagnaro, Fantastico and Femminello. In this study the biometrics of the fruits and the physico-chemical characteristics of the juice have been taken into consideration, such as: Brix degrees, pH, pulp content in the squeezed juice, turbidity, acidity, vitamin C, Formol number, single and total flavonoids. Total flavonoids in the bergamot juice ranged between 362 and 520 mg/L whereas in the Cloudy juice they ranged between 4660 and 8468 mg/L. The composition in fatty acids and in sterols of the seed oil of this fruit was also analysed to evaluate its potential. Oleic acid (30.15-34.36%) and linoleic acid (27.01-29.84%) were found in similar quantity, while the most present sterol was β-sitosterol (76.9-79.2%).


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