scholarly journals Lateral forces determine dimensional accuracy of the narrow-kerf sawing of wood

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz A. Orlowski ◽  
Daniel Chuchala ◽  
Marcin Szczepanski ◽  
Wojciech Migda ◽  
Wiktoria Wojnicz ◽  
...  

AbstractThe shrinking global forest area limits the supply of industrially usable raw resources. This, in combination with the ever-increasing consumption of timber due to population growth can lead to the lack of a positive balance between the annual volumetric growth and consumption of wood. An important innovation toward increasing environmental and economic sustainability of timber production is to reduce the volume of wood residues by minimizing the sawing kerf. It results in higher material yield but may impact the dimensional accuracy of derived products. Therefore, the cutting tool geometry as well as the sawing process as a whole must be carefully optimized to assure optimal use of resources. The goal of this study is to better understand the causes of machining errors that occur when sawing wood with saws of varying thickness of kerf, with a special focus on re-sawing thin lamellae performed on the gang saw. Numerical simulations were tested against experimental results, considering influence of diverse components of cutting forces, in addition to the initial and operating stiffness coefficients of the saw blade. It has been demonstrated that asymmetric loads from the cutting process for the scraper saw blade can cause sawing inaccuracies. The simulation methodology developed in this research can be straightforwardly extended towards determination of optimal geometry of other cutting tools, particularly with the reduced sawing kerf. This may lead to more sustainable use of natural resources as well as an increase in economic gain for the wood processing industries.

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Khaled Giasin ◽  
Majid Tolouei-Rad ◽  
Israr Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hanif ◽  
...  

Drilling is an important machining process in various manufacturing industries. High-quality holes are possible with the proper selection of tools and cutting parameters. This study investigates the effect of spindle speed, feed rate, and drill diameter on the generated thrust force, the formation of chips, post-machining tool condition, and hole quality. The hole surface defects and the top and bottom edge conditions were also investigated using scan electron microscopy. The drilling tests were carried out on AA2024-T3 alloy under a dry drilling environment using 6 and 10 mm uncoated carbide tools. Analysis of Variance was employed to further evaluate the influence of the input parameters on the analysed outputs. The results show that the thrust force was highly influenced by feed rate and drill size. The high spindle speed resulted in higher surface roughness, while the increase in the feed rate produced more burrs around the edges of the holes. Additionally, the burrs formed at the exit side of holes were larger than those formed at the entry side. The high drill size resulted in greater chip thickness and an increased built-up edge on the cutting tools.


2009 ◽  
Vol 83-86 ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shahali ◽  
Hamid Zarepour ◽  
Esmaeil Soltani

In this paper, the effect of machining parameters including cutting velocity, feed rate, and tool material on machining power of EN-AC 48000 aluminium alloy has been studied. A L27 Taguchi's standard orthogonal array has been applied as experimental design to investigate the effect of the factors and their interaction. Twenty seven machining tests have been accomplished with two random repetitions, resulting in fifty four experiments. EN-AC 48000 is an important alloy in automotive and aerospace industries. Machining of this alloy is of vital importance due to build-up edge and tool wear. Machining power is an essential parameter affecting the tool life, dimensional accuracy, and cutting efficiency. Three types of cutting tools including coated carbide (CD 1810), uncoated carbide (H10), and polycrystalline diamond (CD10) have been used in this study. Statistical analysis has been employed to study the effect of factors and their interactions using ANOVA analysis. Moreover, optimal factor levels have been presented using signal to noise ratio (S/N) analysis. Also, regression model have been provided to predict the machining power. Finally, the results of confirmation tests have been presented to verify and compare the adequacy of the predictive models.


2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Mariaelena Murphy ◽  
Corina Pacher

In a world depicted by rapid growth and consumerism, where pressing societal issues such as, the critical climate crises, resources exploitation in developing countries and much more, it is essential to educate all citizens about raw materials, their uses and about responsible production and consumption. Developing life-long learning wider society programmes is an essential tool to educate the population starting with the youngest members of society (pre-school) to adulthood (life-long learning) with a special focus on the life-world orientation from a learners’ perspective. The wider society learning flagship project, ‘Raw Matters Ambassadors at Schools’ (RM@Schools), is an innovative programme funded by the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT) which promotes science education and careers in the raw materials sector. Since the project’s commencement in 2016, it has gained stronger European representation with a current total of 32 partners from 18 countries. This includes the consortium members from a parallel funded programme, RM@SchoolsESEE. This project aims at extending best practices and diversifying the current portfolio to East and Southeast European countries. What makes this project so innovative is in the programme and individual learning pathways. Considering a multidisciplinary and cultural perspective, a framework was developed to assist in forming raw materials ambassadors through engaging programmes for school pupils from aged 10 up to 19 years old and through the development of educational hands-on toolkits that range from experiments to game-based tools and much more. In particular, and as a way to increase impact, the project aims to mentor teenagers from all educational disciplines between the ages of 14–19 years old to become ‘Young RM Ambassadors’. This approach utilises state-of-the-art teaching and learning methods resulting in peer-to-peer knowledge exchange and dissemination. Built into the programme is a continuous feedback loop that involves stakeholders from all sides of the knowledge triangle: educators, pupils, professionals and researchers.


Perspektif ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Suci Wulandari ◽  
Sumanto Sumanto ◽  
Saefudin Saefudin

<p>Biomassa tanaman perkebunan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pangan, pakan, dan bioenergi. Hasil penelitian dan perkembangan teknologi telah mendorong pemanfaatan biomassa bagian-bagian tanaman tersebut. Tanaman perkebunan memiliki potensi besar untuk menghasilkan biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan. Pemetaan potensi biomassa telah banyak dilakukan pada tanaman perkebunan, seperti pada: tebu, kakao, kelapa sawit, kemiri sunan, jarak pagar, kopi, kelapa dalam, karet dan teh. Pengembangan sistem produksi pangan dan biomassa untuk pembangkit energi melalui sistem multi tanam berbasis komoditas perkebunan telah dikembangkan.  Di Kabupaten Aceh Timur telah dilakukan pengembangan sistem agroindustri juga memanfaatkan semua produk samping, mendorong daur ulang dan pemanfaatan residu. Pemanfaatan potensi bioenergi masih dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala distribusi, kontinuitas pasokan bahan dan aspek ekonomi. Menyikapi hal tersebut langkah strategis dapat dilakukan melalui: analisis neraca karbon, alokasi lahan, pemanfaatan lahan, pemanfaatan sumber daya secara berkelanjutan, dukungan teknologi, fokus pada nilai tambah yang tinggi dan perbaikan tata kelola. Selanjutnya perbaikan pada pengembangan sistem pangan energi terpadu dapat ditempuh melalui: (1) sosialisasi dari inovasi teknologi, (2) membentuk kawasan-kawasan pertanian terpadu di daerah sentra pengembangan dan (3) memperkuat kelembagaan petani untuk mengembangkan agroindustri.</p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong><strong> </strong>ABSTRACT</p><p align="center">Biomass from estate crops can be used for food, feed, and bioenergy. The results of research and technological developments have encouraged the utilization of biomass of these plant parts. Plantation crops have great potential to produce biomass that can be utilized in the development of renewable energy. Mapping of biomass potential has been carried out in plantation crops, such as: sugar cane, cocoa, oil palm, candlenut, jatropha, coffee, deep coconut, rubber, and tea. The development of food and biomass production systems for energy generation through a commodity-based multi-cropping system has been developed. In East Aceh District an agro-industrial system development has also been carried out utilizing all byproducts, encouraging recycling and utilizing residues. The utilization of bioenergy is still faced with various distribution constraints, continuity of material supply and economic aspects. In response to this, strategic steps can be taken through carbon balance analysis, land allocation, land use, sustainable use of resources, technology support, focus on high added value and improved governance. Furthermore, improvements to the development of integrated energy food systems can be pursued through (1) socialization of technological innovations, (2) establishing integrated agricultural areas in plant centers and (3) strengthening farmer institutions to develop agro-industries.</p><p> </p>


Author(s):  
Shikha Yadav

<div><p><em>This paper studies one of the healthcare industry of India “Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited” which is ranked at 352 amongst the world’s largest 500 companies on corporate sustainability and environmental impact according to Newsweek in 2016. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries limited is the only company in the healthcare sector in India which has been listed as one of the Green companies in India. This paper mainly focuses on understanding and analysing the Green initiatives as a part of Corporate social responsibility (CSR) taken by the company which makes it the green company in India in Healthcare sector. </em></p></div><em>The green scores of the company has also increased by 4% compared to the previous year (2015), which shows that the company is always striving to incorporate strategic Green HRM. Strategic Green HRM is one of the growing innovative approaches which promotes the sustainable use of resources of the business organisation and thus integrates environmental management into HRM.</em>


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena A. Owusu ◽  
Micaela M. Kulesz ◽  
Agostino Merico

The sustainable use of common pool resources (CPRs) such as fisheries constitutes a major challenge for society. A large body of empirical studies conducted in discrete time indicates that resource users are able to prevent the ‘tragedy of the commons' under institutional arrangements that can promote cooperation. However, the variability exhibited by the human behaviour and the dynamic nature of renewable resources require continuous time experiments to fully explain the mechanisms underpinning the sustainable use of resources. We conducted CPR experiments in continuous time to investigate how the extraction behaviour of resource users changes in real-time in response to changes in resource availability under communication and no communication. We find that when communication is allowed, users adjust their extraction efforts based on knowledge of previous resource availability. In contrast, when communication is not allowed, users do not incorporate resource availability into their utility function. These results suggest that communication does not merely provide a forum for coordination but mediates a causal relationship between resource levels and extraction behaviour. Our findings may help the development of effective resource management policies.


2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Simoniello ◽  
Philippe Tissot ◽  
David McKee ◽  
John Adams ◽  
Robyn Ball ◽  
...  

AbstractJust as humans succumb to hypothermia, fishes can die if their core body temperature falls below their lower lethal limit. Record-setting cold weather in the southern United States between January 8 and 12, 2010, put numerous recreational game fish species at risk, particularly those living in the shallow, rapidly cooled waters of the Laguna Madre, Texas. Cognizant of the danger of barge traffic in the Land Cut, a section of the Intracoastal Waterway in the Laguna Madre, poses to cold-stressed fishes, Gulf Intracoastal Canal Association (GICA) members voluntarily sacrificed $7,000 per tow to protect the resource. Described here is the collaboration among academics at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Texas A&M University, industry leaders from the Gulf Intracoastal Canal Association, and conservationists from the Coastal Conservation Association Texas, which led to the pooling of financial and human resources to mitigate game fish mortalities during a recent extreme cold weather event, or norther, as Texans refer to it. A new water temperature forecasting tool, in development and tested in this partnership, is discussed in terms of ecosystem-based management, of which a key component is engaging multiple stakeholders in a collaborative process to define problems and find solutions. The partnership exemplifies the mission of the developing U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System and Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System Regional Association to use data and tools to provide information, to deliver that information to decision makers in a timely manner, and to make and implement decisions that promote sustainable use of resources.


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