scholarly journals Chitosan oligosaccharide alleviates the growth inhibition caused by physcion and synergistically enhances resilience in maize seedlings

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingchong Li ◽  
Aohui Han ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yang Meng ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Combined Use

AbstractThe use of biopesticides has gradually become essential to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural production. Nevertheless, the use of single biopesticides is frequently suboptimal in agricultural production given the diversity of biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the effects of two biopesticides, physcion and chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS), alone and in combination, on growth regulation and antioxidant potential of maize seedlings by seed coating. As suggested from the results, physcion significantly inhibited the growth of the shoots of maize seedlings due to the elevated respiration rate. However, COS significantly reduced the growth inhibition induced by physcion in maize seedlings by lowering the respiration rate and increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments and root vigor, which accounted for lower consumption of photosynthesis products, a higher photosynthetic rate and a greater nutrient absorption rate. Thus, an improved growth was identified. As indicated from the in-depth research, the application of physcion and COS combination is more effective in down-regulated the malondialdehyde (MDA) content by facilitating the activities of the antioxidative enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD)). Such results indicated that the combined use of physcion and COS neither affected the normal growth of maize seedlings, but also synergistically improved the antioxidant potential of the maize plants, resulting in plants with high stress resistance. Thus, the combined use of physcion and COS by seed coating in maize production has great potential to ensure yield and sustainable production of maize.

scholarly journals Combined use of irinotecan and p53 activator enhances growth inhibition of mesothelioma cells

FEBS Open Bio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2375-2387
Author(s):  
Bo Han ◽  
Hyeon‐Cheol Lee‐Okada ◽  
Momoko Ishimine ◽  
Hajime Orita ◽  
Keiko Nishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Combined Use

scholarly journals Alleviation of allelochemical stress-induced growth inhibition and oxidative damage in lettuce under closed hydroponics through electro-degradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Md. Raihan Talukder ◽  
Md. Asaduzzaman ◽  
Makoto Ueno ◽  
Hideyuki Tanaka ◽  
Toshiki Asao
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Allelochemical Stress

Successive lettuce cultivation in closed hydroponics using the same nutrient solution causes the excess production and accumulation of allelochemicals. The accumulated allelochemicals induce oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in plants leading to growth inhibition. In this study, we investigated the allelochemicals that induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in lettuce grown in a once used non-renewed nutrient solution (1NR) and a twice used non-renewed nutrient solution (2NR) obtained from the successive cultivation and the alleviation of these damages through electro-degradation (ED). The 1NR solution was used for six weeks for a one-time lettuce cultivation while the 2NR solution was used for twelve weeks for a two-times lettuce cultivation. The results showed that the allelochemical stress caused growth inhibition in the lettuce in both the 1NR and 2NR solutions. It was observed that there was a higher generation of H2O2 and O2.– as well as a lower activity of the antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the roots of the plants grown in both the 1NR and 2NR solutions compared to plants grown in the new nutrient solution. The higher level of lipid peroxidation due to the higher MDA (malondialdehyde) content and higher soluble protein content were also observed in the roots of those plants. It was evident that lettuce root damage occurred due to accumulation of the allelochemicals in the 1NR and 2NR solutions. These damaged roots could not function normally nor uptake water and minerals from the culture solution. As a result, retarded lettuce growth was observed in the 1NR and 2NR solutions. The oxidative damage, soluble protein content, lipid peroxidation and ultimately growth retardation were more pronounced in the plants grown in the 2NR solution compared to the plants grown in the 1NR solution. The application of ED to the 1NR and 2NR solutions maintained the plant growth through less oxidative damage, soluble protein production and lipid peroxidation as was observed in the plants grown with the new nutrient solution. Therefore, the ED of a non-renewed culture solution would alleviate the allelochemical stress in lettuce under recycled hydroponics.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT JUICE CASHEW (Anacardium occidentale Linn) IN Saccharomyces cerevisiae BEFORE AND AFTER DRYING SPRAY

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Débora Cássia Vieira GOMES ◽  
Dayane Alves COSTA ◽  
Everton José Ferreira de ARAÚJO ◽  
Paula do Nascimento BATISTA ◽  
Márcio dos Santos ROCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
The Stability

Compounds classified as antioxidants act by inhibiting or reducing the effects caused by free radicals. Several methods have been developed to obtain an evaluation, it is qualitative or quantitative, the antioxidant capacity of various compounds, both by chemical tests or by using biological tests. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the stability of the antioxidant potential of the juice and the dry material of cashew ((Anacardium ocidentale Linn) before and after spray-drying technique in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae proficient and deficient in antioxidant defenses. The juice of A. occidentale L reduced the growth inhibition in all strains of tested, demonstrating its antioxidant potential. Among all four strains of yeast, the variants SOD2Δ WT and SOD showed higher percentages of reduction in growth inhibition before and after drying. Since the mutants SOD1Δ/SOD2Δ and SOD1Δ the substance tested had low antioxidant activity. The juice of pseudofruit of A. occidentale L showed antioxidant potential by increasing the survival of yeast, verified in the reduction of damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, before and after spray drying, which shows that the technique of spray drying did not alter the antioxidant potential of the material analyzed.

Assessment of Bend Fatigue Tests Using RSE-M Stress Analysis Techniques and the ASME Section III Fatigue Design Rules

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Booth ◽  
Willem J. J. Vorster
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Division I ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Fatigue Design ◽  
Combined Use

Preparing the scope and extent of components requiring inspections in industrial plant demands careful consideration given the commercial implications. Stress analysis can usefully be employed to ascertain whether pipework components should be inspected. This can be achieved by interpreting pipework loads whilst giving consideration to all relevant failure mechanisms. Moreover, due to the size of the components the use of stress analysis can provide a means of targeted inspections by identifying areas of high stress where material damage is most likely to be observed. This paper compares the findings of fatigue tests reported by MPA Stuttgart in the mid 1990s of pipework bends subjected to combined pressure and moment loading with calculated fatigue damage using an analytical approach which combines the RSE-M stress analysis methods with the ASME Division I Section III NB fatigue design rules. The comparison is of interest as it has been found that the combined use of RSE-M and the ASME Division I Section III NB fatigue damage rules provides good agreement of calculated stresses with the locations and orientation of crack initiation observed in the fatigue tests. The calculated ASME Division I Section III NB fatigue endurance was found to bound that determined for the tests by a reasonable margin. Therefore, this approach provides a powerful means of assessing the fatigue life of in-service bends and confirms that the use of these tools is appropriate.

scholarly journals Silicon Compensates Phosphorus Deficit-Induced Growth Inhibition by Improving Photosynthetic Capacity, Antioxidant Potential, and Nutrient Homeostasis in Tomato

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Ying Liang ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Xiu Jin ◽  
Leiping Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils is a major problem for sustainable crop production worldwide. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that can promote plant growth, development and responses to stresses. However, the effect of Si on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth, photosynthesis and mineral uptake under P deficit conditions and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed that low P (LP) supply inhibited tomato growth as revealed by significantly decreased fresh and dry weights of shoots and impaired root morphological traits. LP-induced growth inhibition was associated with decreased photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water use efficiency. However, exogenous Si application alleviated LP-induced decreases in growth and physiological parameters. In particular, Si increased Pn by 65.2%, leading to a significantly increased biomass accumulation. Biochemical quantification and in situ visualization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed increased ROS (O2−· and H2O2) accumulation under LP stress, which eventually elevated lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, exogenous Si decreased ROS and malondialdehyde levels by substantially increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase. In addition, Si increased concentrations of osmoregulatory substances, such as proline, soluble sugar, soluble proteins, free amino acids, and organic acids under LP stress. Analysis of major element concentrations revealed that exogenous Si application under LP stress not only increased Si uptake but also enhanced the concentrations of most essential elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn) in different tissues (roots, leaves, and stems). These results reveal that Si mitigates LP stress by improving photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant potential, and nutrient homeostasis and that it can be used for agronomic management of vegetable crops in P-deficient soils.

scholarly journals Microorganisms number in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) rhizosphere after herbicide, plant growth regulator, and a biopreparation use

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Viktor Karpenko ◽  
Vasyl Krasnoshtan ◽  
Ivan Mostoviak ◽  
Ruslan Prytuliak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Active Substances

In the modern agricultural production, the use of herbicides and other biologically active substances is an important part of the cultivation technologies of most cereals, including the grain sorghum. It is known that most preparations, including the chemical ones, can directly or indirectly influence the development of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of plants, but the nature of their effect on the microbiota of grain sorghum rhizosphere has not been studied enough, which reasoned the relevance of this research. Microbiological activity of the grain sorghum rhizosphere (hybrid Milo W) was studied during 2019–2020 under the treatment by the herbicide Citadel 25 OD (0.6; 0.8 and 1.0 l/ha), plant growth regulator Endophit L1 (30 ml/ha) and biological preparation Bioarsenal (800 g/ 100 kg). The analysis of the obtained experimental data showed that use of the studied preparations both separately and in different compositions had a stimulating effect on the number of grain sorghum rhizosphere microbiota, which was observed in its increase, especially in variants with the combined use of the herbicide Citadel 25 OD, plant growth regulator Endophit L1 and the biopreparation Bioarsenal (compared to the control the number of rhizosphere microbiota increased by 29.4–80.6% in average by groups).

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature Conditions during Growth on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Wheat and Barley Grasses

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2742
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Zahirul Islam ◽  
Buem-Jun Park ◽  
Young-Tack Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Growing Medium

Wheat and barley grasses are freshly sprouted leaves of wheat and barley seeds, and are rich sources of phytochemicals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of day and night temperatures on the growth, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant potential of wheat and barley grasses. Briefly, each grass was cropped in an organic growing medium at 10/5 °C, 20/15 °C, and 30/25 °C (day/night temperature) in a growth chamber by maintaining specific light (12/12 h light/dark; light intensity 150 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and humidity (60%) conditions for 8 days. The highest growth parameters (height, weight, and yield) were observed at the 20/15 °C growth conditions in both types of grass. Conversely, the lowest growth parameters were observed at 10/5 °C. However, the low growth temperature of 10/5 °C resulted in increased levels of bioactive compounds (total phenol, total flavonoid, and total vitamin C), antioxidant activities (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity)), and antioxidant enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase activity, catalase activity, and glutathione reductase) in both types of grass. Therefore, proper temperature growth conditions of wheat and barley grasses may be a convenient and efficient method to increase bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential in our diet to exploit the related health benefits.

scholarly journals Plasma Technology Increases the Efficacy of Prothioconazole against Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium proliferatum Contamination of Maize (Zea mays) Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9301
Author(s):  
Mario Masiello ◽  
Stefania Somma ◽  
Chiara Lo Porto ◽  
Fabio Palumbo ◽  
Pietro Favia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Material Surfaces ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Combined Use

The contamination of maize by Fusarium species able to produce mycotoxins raises great concern worldwide since they can accumulate these toxic metabolites in field crop products. Furthermore, little information exists today on the ability of Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium graminearum, two well know mycotoxigenic species, to translocate from the seeds to the plants up to the kernels. Marketing seeds coated with fungicide molecules is a common practice; however, since there is a growing need for reducing chemicals in agriculture, new eco-friendly strategies are increasingly tested. Technologies based on ionized gases, known as plasmas, have been used for decades, with newer material surfaces, products, and approaches developed continuously. In this research, we tested a plasma-generated bilayer coating for encapsulating prothioconazole at the surface of maize seeds, to protect them from F. graminearum and F. proliferatum infection. A minimum amount of chemical was used, in direct contact with the seeds, with no dispersion in the soil. The ability of F. graminearum and F. proliferatum species to translocate from seeds to seedlings of maize has been clearly proven in our in vitro experiments. As for the use of plasma technology, the combined use of the plasma-generated coating with embedded prothioconazole was the most efficient approach, with a higher reduction of the infection of the maize seminal root system and stems. The debated capability of the two Fusarium species to translocate from seeds to seedlings has been demonstrated. The plasma-generated coating with embedded prothioconazole resulted in a promising sustainable approach for the protection of maize seedlings.

scholarly journals Foliar Spray of Alpha-Tocopherol Modulates Antioxidant Potential of Okra Fruit under Salt Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Maria Naqve ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Sajid Fiaz ◽  
Wardah Naqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Better Than

As an antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) protects plants from salinity-induced oxidative bursts. This study was conducted twice to determine the effect of α-Toc as a foliar spray (at 0 (no spray), 100, 200, and 300 mg L−1) to improve the yield and biochemical constituents of fresh green capsules of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) under salt stress (0 and 100 mM). Salt stress significantly reduced K+ and Ca2+ ion concentration and yield, whereas it increased H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na+, glycine betaine (GB), total free proline, total phenolics, and the activities of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and protease in both okra varieties (Noori and Sabzpari). Foliar application of α-Toc significantly improved the yield in tested okra varieties by increasing the activity of antioxidants (CAT, GPX, SOD, and ascorbic acid), accumulation of GB, and total free proline in fruit tissues under saline and non-saline conditions. Moreover, α-Toc application as a foliar spray alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress by reducing Na+ concentration, MDA, and H2O2 levels and improving the uptake of K+ and Ca2+. Among the tested okra varieties, Noori performed better than Sabzpari across all physio-biochemical attributes. Of all the foliar-applied α-Toc levels, 200 mg L−1 and 300 mg L−1 were more effective in the amelioration of salinity-induced adverse effects in okra. Thus, we concluded that higher levels of α-Toc (200 mg L−1 and 300 mg L−1) combat salinity stress more effectively by boosting the antioxidant potential of okra plants.

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