scholarly journals Genetic diversity and mate selection in a reintroduced population of gray wolves

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Ausband
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Pup Survival ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractThe genetic composition of an individual can markedly affect its survival, reproduction, and ultimately fitness. As some wildlife populations become smaller, conserving genetic diversity will be a conservation challenge. Many imperiled species are already supported through population augmentation efforts and we often do not know if or how genetic diversity is maintained in translocated species. As a case study for understanding the maintenance of genetic diversity in augmented populations, I wanted to know if genetic diversity (i.e., observed heterozygosity) remained high in a population of gray wolves in the Rocky Mountains of the U.S. > 20 years after reintroduction. Additionally, I wanted to know if a potential mechanism for such diversity was individuals with below average genetic diversity choosing mates with above average diversity. I also asked whether there was a preference for mating with unrelated individuals. Finally, I hypothesized that mated pairs with above average heterozygosity would have increased survival of young. Ultimately, I found that females with below average heterozygosity did not choose mates with above average heterozygosity and wolves chose mates randomly with respect to genetic relatedness. Pup survival was not higher for mated pairs with above average heterozygosity in my models. The dominant variables predicting pup survival were harvest rate during their first year of life and years pairs were mated. Ultimately, genetic diversity was relatively unchanged > 20 years after reintroduction. The mechanism for maintaining such diversity does not appear related to individuals preferentially choosing more genetically diverse mates. Inbreeding avoidance, however, appears to be at least one mechanism maintaining genetic diversity in this population.

Complex Congenital Heart Defect, Heterotaxy, Imperforate Anus, and Other Congenital Anomalies in a 27-Week Infant: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Koerner
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
First Year ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cardiac Defects ◽  
Live Births ◽  
First Year Of Life

According to multiple researchers and studies, congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in approximately 4.8–12.0 of 1,000 live births in the general population, and 2.4 per 1,000 cases are serious enough to require surgery or cardiac catheterization in the first year of life.1 Historically, it has been assumed that the earlier the gestational age with CHD, the poorer the outcome; however, with continued improvements in neonatal care, this hypothesis should be looked at more closely. This case illustrates the challenges associated with prematurity, complex cardiac defects, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and other congenital anomalies that increase the risk of infection and/or surgical intervention. It will discuss the hospital course of a twin, born at 27 weeks gestation, who was found to have all of these diagnoses, yet, despite the complexity of his case, he had a predominantly uncomplicated hospital course.

Atypical Presentation of Infantile Hepatic Hemangioma: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-379
Author(s):  
Ashley Sartori ◽  
Gayle Leary Omansky ◽  
Steven Ringer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hepatic Hemangioma ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Team Care ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
High Output

AbstractInfantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH) is the most common benign hepatic tumor of infancy. It is characterized by rapid proliferation in the first year of life, followed by slow involution during childhood. Presentation can range from asymptomatic to severe, high-output congestive heart failure (CHF). The purpose of this article is to review the case of an infant with an atypical presentation of IHH. It also addresses pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and multidisciplinary team care.

scholarly journals Early and lethal neurodegeneration with myasthenic and myopathic features

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Schorling ◽  
Simone Rost ◽  
Dirk J. Lefeber ◽  
Lauren Brady ◽  
Clemens R. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Genetic Syndrome ◽  
Electrophysiologic Testing ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Heterozygous Carriers ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective:To describe the presentation and identify the cause of a new clinical phenotype, characterized by early severe neurodegeneration with myopathic and myasthenic features.Methods:This case study of 5 patients from 3 families includes clinical phenotype, serial MRI, electrophysiologic testing, muscle biopsy, and full autopsy. Genetic workup included whole exome sequencing and segregation analysis of the likely causal mutation.Results:All 5 patients showed severe muscular hypotonia, progressive cerebral atrophy, and therapy-refractory epilepsy. Three patients had congenital contractures. All patients died during their first year of life. In 2 of our patients, electrophysiologic testing showed abnormal decrement, but treatment with pyridostigmine led only to temporary improvement. Causative mutations in ALG14 were identified in all patients. The mutation c.220 G>A (p.Asp74Asn) was homozygous in 2 patients and heterozygous in the other 3 patients. Additional heterozygous mutations were c.422T>G (p.Val141Gly) and c.326G>A (p.Arg109Gln). In all cases, parents were found to be heterozygous carriers. None of the identified variants has been described previously.Conclusions:We report a genetic syndrome combining myasthenic features and severe neurodegeneration with therapy-refractory epilepsy. The underlying cause is a glycosylation defect due to mutations in ALG14. These cases broaden the phenotypic spectrum associated with ALG14 congenital disorders of glycosylation as previously only isolated myasthenia has been described.

scholarly journals Chronic Idiopathic Neutrophilia in Two Twins

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Roberto Miniero ◽  
Giuseppe Antonio Mazza ◽  
Federica Altomare ◽  
Carla Fusaro
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Period ◽  
First Case ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Blood Neutrophils ◽  
First Year Of Life

Neutrophilia in adults refers to an alteration in the total number of blood neutrophils that is in excess of about 7500 cells/μL. This definition is restrictive in childhood as neutrophil count is age-dependent. Chronic Idiopathic Neutrophilia (CIN) refers to a condition that persists for many years in individuals who appear otherwise healthy. CIN is rarely mentioned in scientific literature and in academic books of hematology; only few words are dedicated to this topic. We report a case study of two twins with CIN followed from the first year of life to 24 years of age. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of two twins with CIN followed through a long period of time. We believe that our observation may contribute to better understand and characterize this hematologic abnormality.

Monthly variation in faeces:blood concentration ratio of persistent organic pollutants over the first year of life: a case study of one infant

2016 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Chen ◽  
Michael S. McLachlan ◽  
Sarit Kaserzon ◽  
Xianyu Wang ◽  
Liesbeth Weijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
First Year ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Clonal Diversity and Turnover of Streptococcus mitis bv. 1 on Shedding and Nonshedding Oral Surfaces of Human Infants during the First Year of Life

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1184-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Kirchherr ◽  
George H. Bowden ◽  
Dorothy A. Richmond ◽  
Michael J. Sheridan ◽  
Katherine A. Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
First Year ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mitis bv. 1 is a pioneer colonizer of the human oral cavity. Studies of its population dynamics within parents and their infants and within neonates have shown extensive diversity within and between subjects. We examined the genetic diversity and clonal turnover of S. mitis bv. 1 isolated from the cheeks, tongue, and primary incisors of four infants from birth to 1 year of age. In addition, we compared the clonotypes of S. mitis bv. 1 isolated from their mothers' saliva collected in parallel to determine whether the mother was the origin of the clones colonizing her infant. Of 859 isolates obtained from the infants, 568 were unique clones. Each of the surfaces examined, whether shedding or nonshedding, displayed the same degree of diversity. Among the four infants it was rare to detect the same clone colonizing more than one surface at a given visit. There was little evidence for persistence of clones, but when clones were isolated on multiple visits they were not always found on the same surface. A similar degree of clonal diversity of S. mitis bv. 1 was observed in the mothers' saliva as in their infants' mouths. Clones common to both infant and mothers' saliva were found infrequently suggesting that this is not the origin of the infants' clones. It is unclear whether mucosal immunity exerts the environmental pressure driving the genetic diversity and clonal turnover of S. mitis bv. 1, which may be mechanisms employed by this bacterium to evade immune elimination.

scholarly journals Fibromuscular dysplasia as the cause of malignant renovascular hypertension in a newborn

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
V V Albot ◽  
V V Dolgikh ◽  
G V Gvak ◽  
A V Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vascular Dysplasia ◽  
Hypertension Development ◽  
First Year Of Life

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory arteriopathy, which can affect arteries of any part of vascular system and is most commonly diagnosed in women between 20-60 years of age. We present the FMD case study of ischemic stroke in a 10-month-old child, manifested in the hospital. The application of diagnostic methods is not allowed to determine the cause of uncontrolled arterial hypertension development in patient during the life. Pathologic study revealed the generalized tubular fibromuscular vascular dysplasia affecting arterial vessels practically of all parts of vascular system and forming stenotic areas of both of the renal arteries, the arteries of the heart, brain, intestines, liver and spleen.Conclusion. FMD manifestation during the period of infancy is associated with severe course and poor prognosis. The improvement of the prognosis for this disease, obviously, can be achieved in case of the diagnosis the disease before the development of organ complications, what is required the monitoring of blood pressure level during the routine pediatric examinations in children of the first year of life, even in the absence of complaints.

scholarly journals Bullous Mastocytosis in a Filipino Infant: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blythe N. Ke ◽  
Shahara Abalos-Babaran ◽  
Jay-V James G. Barit ◽  
Mia Katrina R. Gervacio ◽  
Mae N. Ramirez-Quizon
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Cutaneous Mastocytosis ◽  
Bullous Mastocytosis ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction. Mastocytosis is a disease defined by the proliferation of mast cells in organs, most commonly the skin. It may affect any age group but is usually found in children in the first year of life. We present a case of diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis manifesting in the rare bullous form. Case. A 4-month-old Filipino male presented with multiple bullae on the head, trunk, and extremities after applying chamomile oil. Biopsy of the skin demonstrated numerous mast cells, confirming the diagnosis of bullous mastocytosis. The patient was treated with oral antihistamines and corticosteroids, which was followed by a good response. Conclusion. Diagnosis of diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis may be challenging due to its rarity. Proper management requires preventive measures, symptomatic treatment, as well as communication of prognosis with the stakeholders.

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