scholarly journals Evolutionary game analysis of environmental pollution control under the government regulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Zhou ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Junnan Tang

AbstractThis paper studied a tripartite evolutionary game of stakeholders in environmental pollution control. Most previous studies on this issue are limited to a focus on system dynamics with two-party game problems and lack a spatial analysis of strategy evolution. The parameters adopted are too few, and the influencing factors considered are too simple. The purpose of the paper is to introduce more parameters to study, which will have an important impact on the strategy choices of participants and the evolution path of the strategy over time. We construct a tripartite evolutionary game model of sewage enterprises, governments and the public. We establish a payment matrix and replicator equations as our method, and we also implement parameter simulations in MATLAB. In summary, we found that the reward and punishment mechanism plays an important role in environmental pollution control. Specifically: intensifying rewards and penalties will help encourage sewage enterprises to meet the discharge standard and the public to participate in pollution control action. However, increased rewards will reduce government's willingness to adopt incentive strategies; Government's reward for public's participation in the action must be greater than the increased cost of participation; Reducing the cost of sewage enterprise can also encourage them to implement standard emissions. The research presented in this paper further improves standard emissions and designs reasonable reward and punishment mechanism.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Junna Lv ◽  
Tong An ◽  
Xi-ya Tan ◽  
Qing Zou

Performance appraisal is a key link in the performance payment mechanism of government-paid Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects. As the performance appraisal of PPP projects is highly professional and complex, it is usually necessary to introduce a third-party performance appraisal institution to evaluate the project outputs of the private investor. However, driven by economic rent, the private investor has the incentive to seek rent from the third party in the performance appraisal process, leading to the low overall performance level of PPP projects and the inability to achieve the PPP performance appraisal goal effectively. To explore how to avoid rent-seeking in performance appraisal and improve the overall performance of government-paid PPP projects, a tripartite evolutionary game model between the behaviour, third party, and the public sector has been constructed. Based on the evolutionary game model, this study analyses the evolutionary stability of each player's strategy, discusses the influence of various factors on the strategy selection of the three-party, and further analyses the stability of the equilibrium point of the three-party game system. The findings reveal that the public sector can slow down the rent-seeking behaviour of the private sector by setting up a reasonable reward and punishment mechanism. The design of a reasonable reward and punishment mechanism must meet the following conditions: (1) the sum of the reward and punishment of all parties is greater than the speculative income; (2) the amount of performance fee withheld for the private investor is greater than the difference between the project operating cost saved and the speculation cost. The research provides technical support for the design of the performance appraisal mechanism of government-paid PPP projects.


2022 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Rongjian Xie ◽  
Yucai Jia ◽  
Yuanmei Wu ◽  
Peiyun Zhang

During major epidemics, monitoring vaccine quality can ensure the public health and social stability. Considering that social media has become an important way for the public to obtain external information during the epidemic. We developed a dual regulatory system of vaccine quality with the government in the leading role and the participation of We Media, and constructed a four-party evolutionary game model (government regulatory agency, We Media, vaccine industry groups, and the public) and analyzed the stability of each game player’s strategy choice. The system’s possible equilibrium points are identified using Lyapunov’s first law. Then the game trajectory between stakeholders is simulated by MATLAB, the effects of initial intention and parameters on the evolution process and results are analyzed. The results show that to ensure the quality and safety of vaccines and stabilize network public opinion during epidemics, the government should invest in an effective supervision mechanism. By strengthening responsibility, increasing penalties, and reducing supervision costs, the probability of vaccine industry groups providing high-quality vaccines is effectively enhanced. Restricting the behavior of We Media and supervising vaccine industry groups to reduce speculation reduces the cost of government supervision and improves its efficiency.


2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 01061
Author(s):  
Jianling Jiao ◽  
He Sun ◽  
Ranran Yang

The Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) as a policy tool to promote renewable energy development has gone through more than ten years in China. In order to research the strategic interaction between governments and power generation enterprises under the background of energy system transformation and upgrading, a learning mechanism was introduced based on the dynamic reward and punishment mechanism, and an evolutionary game model between the government and power generation enterprises was established. The results showed that the evolutionary stability strategy depended on the dynamic reward and punishment mechanism, which is conducive to the gradual stability of the system. The existence of learning mechanism not only reduced the cost of wind power, but also reduced the probability of government supervision.


Author(s):  
Fitrotu Aini

ABSTRACTHajj as a great symbol of worship. Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam which is mandatory for every Muslim who are able to da it in accordance with the legal requirement of pilgrimage. One of the legal conditions of Hajj is the capability, capable to cover the cost of the hajj and the family left behind. Panin Bank Dubai Sharia Bank was established based on the regulation of Limited Company No. 12 dated January 8, 1972 by Moeslim Dalidd, a notary in Malang. PT. Bank Panin Dubai Syariah Tbk has been legalized by the Financial Services Authority ("OJK"), in accordance with a copy of the policy of the Board of Commissioners of OJK No. Kep-29 / D.03 / 2016 on July 26, 2016.Therefore, through this research, the writer wants to understand: (1) how is the practice of applying alternative financial agreement of hajj and umrah after the implementation of regulation made by ministry of religious affair No. 24 year 2016 at Panin Bank Dubai Syariah Surabaya branch? (2) What is the analysis of Islamic law on the practice of multilateral contract alternative application in this Bank? Therefore, this study is aimed to, firstly, understand and describe the application of alternative contracts to hajj and umrah after the regulation of Ministry of Religious Affairs No. 24 of 2016 in Panin Bank Dubai Sharia branch Surabaya, and to describe the analysis of Sharia Economic Law about the practice of applying alternative contract in the bank.The method used in this research is qualitative method. The research data are taken in natural situation in Panin Bank Dubai Syariah Surabaya. The data are taken during operational hours using case study approach. Are done through interview technique with the main participant, Assistant Manager 1, and document, archive, book, sample of registration, as secondary data source. The data are analyzed through 3 (three) data deduction, display data and ended with conclusion and verification.The results of the study indicate that the Panin Bank Dubai Sharia runs in accordance with the government regulation No. 24 year 2016 "BPS BPIH is prohibited from providing direct and indirect Hajj money service" including Hajj and Umrah services using various financing products and funds saving, funds collecting in the form of deposits, savings or other forms, using multi-service financing akad wadi'ah, with the savings of hajj services with initial minimum deposit of Rp500,000,and according to customers’ ability. Keywords: hajj, umrah, wadi'ah.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Amir Hidayatulloh ◽  
Fina Dwi Fatma

Tax is the main source of state revenue. In 2018, the source of state revenues of 85,40% came from the tax sector. So large, state revenue from tax sector, encourage the government in increase taxpayer compliance. However, the realization of revenue from the tax sector in January-November has not yet reached the target. In 2018, the government issued a government regulation that was imposed on taxpayers who have certain gross income. So, with the issuance of government regulation it is hoped that the public can play an active role in economic activities. This service was carried out in Banjaran Hamlet, Sukoreno, Sentolo, Kulon Progo, Special Regional of Yogyakarta. This service is shown to MSME players. This service technique uses lecture, sharing and discussion methods. The result of this service activity is to increase the knowledge of MSME actors regarding the benefits of NPWP, the reason MSME actors must pay taxes, and tax benefits. In addition, this service also found the reason for MSME not to make NPWP, as well as the reason for MSME actors not to apply Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018. In addition, MSMEs did not understand the importance of separating entrepreneurial capital from their own capital. Keywords: Tax. MSME, Regulation Number 23 of 2018, NPWP


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-430
Author(s):  
A.L. Awaga ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
Y. Zhang

Green production mode is an advanced manufacturing mode. However, due to the environmental externality of green production, it is different for a pure market mechanism to promote the evolution of green operation mode of manufacturing enterprises. Government regulation is very important. This paper establishes an evolutionary game model of whether manufacturing enterprises choose to implement green production mode when the government implements two different mechanisms of reward and punishment. Considering the complexity of strategy selection of enterprises' green production behaviour under market competition, the method constructs the simulation analysis model of enterprises' green product production behaviour with multi-subject participation. We can simulate the influence of these factors on the strategic choice of both parties (enterprises and governments) by changing the different influence factors, and studying the evolutionary law of different government guidance and regulation strategies on the production behaviour of green products. These factors include government incentives, penalties, reputations, costs, differences in the cost of implementing green production on the corporate side, corporate reputation, and false rewards or penalties. By the computer implementation of multi-subject modelling, the results show that enterprises' green product production behaviour needs the government's guidance and regulation. When formulating relevant policies, the government should combine various guidance and regulation strategies and fully consider the influence of market competition.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyfando Bilgery Mangarey ◽  
Gabriela Nikita Mose ◽  
Lintje Kalangi

Government Regulation No. 71 of 2010 concerning Government Accounting Standards in recording inventory can realize the performance performed by government agencies, especially in the presentation of inventory reporting. The purpose of this study was to determine the government accounting standard policies in reporting inventory at the Office of Public Works and Regional Spatial Planning of North Sulawesi Province according to Government Regulation Nomber. 71 of 2010 based on PSAP 05 concerning Inventory Accounting and the method used in this research is the service inventory reporting analysis method Public Works and Regional Spatial Planning of North Sulawesi Province with the technique of science and technology collecting inventory data and conducting analysis. The results of this study indicate that inventory reports at the Public Works Agency and Regional Spatial Planning of North Sulawesi Province are stated to be in accordance with government accounting standards.Keywords: Policies, government regulations, Inventory Reporting


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Ivandi Setiawan ◽  
Rasji .

PPAT is a public official authorized to make authentic deeds concerning certain legal acts concerning the right to land or the Property Right of the Flats Unit. Government Regulation No. 24 of 2016 is the latest regulation made by the government to regulate provisions on PPAT. in Government Regulation No. 24 of 2016 in Article 12 paragraph one explained that the scope of work area of PPAT is expanded into one province where in the previous regulation that is government regulation number 37 year 1998 explained that the scope of work of PPAT is only limited to district only. but the fact is now the government regulation number 24 of 2016 has not been applied efficiently, especially in terms of the scope of work of PPAT, it happens because of several factors that hamper causing the loss of effectiveness in Article 12 Paragraph one of Government Regulation No. 24 of 2016 . it is of course also contrary to the legal certainty that the public should have legal certainty with the enactment of the government regulation number 24 of 2016 by the government then the regulation should be applicable in the scope of the working area of PPAT should be applicable in practice in the community. contrary to lex posterior derogate legi priori principle which explains that in the same rules the new rules can replace the old rules. the approach used in this study using the approach of law.


2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 08026
Author(s):  
Bambang Sujono ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro

Jatibarang reservoir serves as water supply in dry season and controlling flood in Semarang City. This reservoir is stem Kreo River which cathment areas of 54 km2, pool of area 110 ha and volume is 20 billion m3. This reservoir is potential to develop as natural fisheries area. The goals of this research were to explore existing condition of physical, biological as well as chemical parameter; carrying capacity assessment for natural fisheries; determining appropriate fish species to be developed in Jatibarang reservoir. This research was done in descriptive explorative scheme. Field survey and laboratory analyses were conducted to identify physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water. Physical parameters measured were temperature and water brightness. Chemical parameters measured were pH, DO, phosphate, Ammonia, nitrites and nitrate, while biological parameter measured were chlorophyll-a concentration. Carrying capacity analyses was done referred to the Government Regulation Number 82, 2001 that regulate the management of water quality and water pollution control. Based on the research, it showed that the existing condition of physical, chemical and biological parameters were still good to be used for natural fisheries. Based on TSI index, it classified as eutrofic water. Furthermore, tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus) and carper fish (Cyprinus carpio) were considered as best species for natural fisheries in Jatibarang Reservoir.


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