Pesticide toxicity assessment and geographic information system (GIS) application in small-scale rice farming operations, Thailand

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarat Sombatsawat ◽  
Dana Boyd Barr ◽  
Parinya Panuwet ◽  
Mark Gregory Robson ◽  
Wattasit Siriwong

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of pesticide exposure on farmer health during non-active rice farming and active rice farming periods and present the change in the individual cholinesterase activities (%reduction) on the geographic information system (GIS) mapping in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) activities were monitored during both study periods using Test-mate ChE (Model 400). The location of paddy fields was specified using Garmin geographic positioning system MAP 62s. Fifty-eight farmers who participated in this study had an average age of 49.2 ± 6.9 years. Higher prevalence of all health symptoms was observed among farmer participants during the active rice farming period comparing to the non-active rice farming period (p < 0.01). Furthermore, farmers had significantly lower activities of AChE and BuChE during the active rice farming period comparing to the non-active rice farming period (p < 0.01). Our findings indicate that the GIS mapping indicate that the cases with a significant enzyme inhibition have dispersed across the agricultural and the nearby residential areas. This, investigation can be used to promote safer use of pesticides among farmers and mitigate pesticide exposure among residents living in close proximity to a rice field.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Sofia Scăunaș ◽  
C. Păunescu ◽  
G.-L. Merciu

Abstract The paper topic is related to the use of Geographic Information System and remote sensing in analysing the spatio-temporal dynamics of a post-socialist city. The purpose of this study is to highlight the changes in the land use of the Băneasa neighbourhood, located in the northern part of the capital city of Romania. The changes have been analysed from the nineteenth century to the present. The authors used historical mapping using old maps, as well as digitizing aerial photographs using the Geographic Information System. There has been an accelerated territorial evolution in the last 70 years, marked by the impact of the socialist policy of intensive urbanization, when the urban-type systematization was applied through the construction of collective dwellings, to which were added some important industrial units. After 1990, the dynamics of the tertiary sector generated significant changes in the physiognomy of the urban landscape, observing the increase of the built space (commercial spaces, new residential areas) at the expense of green spaces, tree nurseries, greenhouses and industrial sites. The most recent stage of evolution, however, has brought the most profound changes in the landscape of the Băneasa district, as a result of the new political and socio-economic context, marked by the collapse of communism. Thus, in the last 30 years, the capital city has registered an uncontrolled urban growth dynamic, this being characteristic of other large urban centres at the national level as well favoured by less strict, inconsistent and incomplete urban legislation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Previtali ◽  
Riccardo Valente

<p>The open data paradigm is changing the research approach in many fields such as remote sensing and the social sciences. This is supported by governmental decisions and policies that are boosting the open data wave, and in this context archaeology is also affected by this new trend. In many countries, archaeological data are still protected or only limited access is allowed. However, the strong political and economic support for the publication of government data as open data will change the accessibility and disciplinary expertise in the archaeological field too. In order to maximize the impact of data, their technical openness is of primary importance. Indeed, since a spreadsheet is more usable than a PDF of a table, the availability of digital archaeological data, which is structured using standardised approaches, is of primary importance for the real usability of published data. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to present a workflow for archaeological data sharing as open data with a large level of technical usability and interoperability. Primary data is mainly acquired through the use of digital techniques (e.g. digital cameras and terrestrial laser scanning). The processing of this raw data is performed with commercial software for scan registration and image processing, allowing for a simple and semi-automated workflow. Outputs obtained from this step are then processed in modelling and drawing environments to generate digital models, both 2D and 3D. These crude geometrical data are then enriched with further information to generate a Geographic Information System (GIS) which is finally published as open data using Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards to maximise interoperability.</p><p><strong>Highlights:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Open data will change the accessibility and disciplinary expertise in the archaeological field.</p></li><li><p>The main aim of this paper is to present a workflow for archaeological data sharing as open data with a large level of interoperability.</p></li><li><p>Digital acquisition techniques are used to document archaeological excavations and a Geographic Information System (GIS) is generated that is published as open data.</p></li></ul>


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Moh. Ali Ma'sum

One of the anticipation actions that can be done before the flood disaster comes is to determine the evacuation route and evacuation location or shelter for flood relief and spread to the public in order to accelerate the process of evacuation of disaster victims so as to minimize losses from the flood itself. This research was conducted by approaching Geographic Information System (SIG) The purpose of this research is (1) Knowing the flood-prone agihan in Laweyan Subdistrict based on SIG. (2) Analyze the Availability of Shelter Locations (Educational Buildings and Buildings of Worship) of flood victims in Laweyan Subdistrict. It is expected that in the research to know the potential of the best temporary evacuation shelter / protection and evacuation design so that it can be considered and help the relevant agencies, especially local BPBD in order to improve flood mitigation in Sumber Village, Banjarsari District, Surakarta City. To reduce or overcome the impact caused by flood disasters on the comfort and safety of the community in Laweyan Subdistrict, researchers need to raise the title, " Determination of Flood Victim Shelter in Lawean District of Surakarta City Based on Geographic Information System".


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Listyo Yudha Irawan ◽  
Nabila Nabila ◽  
Damar Panoto ◽  
Agung Chandra Darmansyah ◽  
Annisa Nur Rasyidah ◽  
...  

Abstrak: Sub DAS Amprong secara administrasi masuk pada wilayah Kabupaten Malang dan Kota Malang. Meliputi lima Kecamatan yakni: Kedungkandang, Poncokusumo, Tumpang, Pakis dan Jabung. Risiko bencana longsor tergolong tinggi pada kawasan ini. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengurangan risiko bencana longsor mengunakan pendeketaan GIS (Geographic Information System). Menggunakan GIS distribusi tingkat risiko akan dapat diketahui dengan baik, sehingga mampu memberikan solusi yang lebih akurat. Penelitian ini meliputi empat tahapan: 1) pemetaan bahaya longsor, 2) pemetaan kerentanan bencana, 3) pemetaan kapasitas bencana, 4) pemetaan risiko bencana. Hasilnya diketahui bahwa kecamatan Jabung dan Poncokusumo merupakan wialayah dengan tingkat risiko longsor paling tinggi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi tingkat risiko dapat dilakukan melalui mitigasi bencana secara struktural dan nonstruktural. Wilayah dengan risiko tinggi bukan merupakan kawasan pemukiman, namun memiliki aktivitas utama berupa pertanian. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya manajemen risiko bencana longsor dalam usaha longsor seperti: dengan cara: 1) pengaturan sistem irigasi dengan baik, 2) penerapan sistem terasering, dan 3) pemasangan bronjong pada kaki lereng. Abstract: Amprong watershed is administratively included in Malang Regency and Malang City. Includes five districts namely: Kedungkandang, Poncokusumo, Tumpang, Pakis and Jabung. The risk of landslides is classified high in this region. Therefore, this research aims to reduce the risk of landslides using GIS (Geographic Information System). Using GIS the distribution of risk levels will be well known, so as to provide a more accurate solution. This research includes four stages: 1) mapping of landslide hazards, 2) mapping of disaster vulnerability, 3) mapping of disaster capacity, 4) mapping of disaster risk. The results are known that the Jabung and Poncokusumo sub-districts are areas with the highest risk of landslides. Efforts that can be made to reduce the level of risk can be done through structural and nonstructural disaster mitigation. High risk areas are not residential areas, but have major activities in the form of agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to have landslide risk management, such as: by: 1) regulating the irrigation system properly, 2) applying the terracing system, and 3) installing gabions at the foot of the slope.


Author(s):  
A. O. Cacayan Jr ◽  
A. G. Apdohan ◽  
A. E. Bocobo ◽  
J. L. Ruta

Abstract. The Philippines, as a part of Southeast Asia, falls into the zone categorized with agricultural areas prone to drought. Mitigating the concerns due to such vulnerability and also catering the needs of small-time farmers, rainfall harvesting with the use of agricultural structures called Small Farm Reservoirs (SFRs) used for storing water for irrigation are being used and deployed. This study aims to identify ideal locations for SFR which is essential due to the concerns of its geographical appropriateness and its vulnerability to environmental and other concerns such as seepage, sustainability, and optimizing yield. Geographic Information System through the ArcMap software is a modern tool for decision making, especially in the concerns of suitability and vulnerability assessment and was used in creating the suitability map for SFR in this study. The suitability map was created with the use of pre-processed raster data sets for precipitation, soil texture, slope, irrigation status. Weights for the weighted overlay were acquired from the standardized protocol for Small Scale Irrigation Project (SSIP) standardized protocol for site suitability identification from the Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Soil and Water Management (DA-BSWM) Philippines. Existing SFRs in the study area were validated through site visitation and were evaluated for usability and performance. The suitability map created accurately identified suitable zones for establishing SFRs with a result of 7 out of 7 existing SFRs are within the suitable zones, six (6) sites in the moderately suitable and one (1) on marginally suitable.


2021 ◽  
Vol 936 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
Bangun Muljo Sukojo ◽  
Diya Rochima Lisakiyanto

Abstract Forest and land fires are a disaster that occurs almost every year on Sumatra Island. Ogan Komering Ilir is one of the regencies in South Sumatra Province with a high number of hotspots causing forest and land fires every year. Prevention efforts are important to reduce the impact caused by forest and land fires on various aspects of life. One of them is by building a web-based Geographic Information System (WebGIS) for the distribution of hotspots as a form of early warning and detection system by utilizing VIIRS Nightfire (VNF) data from the remote sensing technology of the Suomi-NPP satellite which has Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) active sensors which have been processed with the Nightfire algorithm. The Leaflet JavaScript library plays an important role in adding to the functionality of WebGIS with a wide selection of available plugins and easy-to-read source code to make web-based spatial information more interactive. The prototype of WebGIS with the name OKIApi has been successfully developed and has several key features such as displaying information on the distribution of hotspots that have been classified by temperature; the priority level of firefighting areas and the vulnerability level of flammable areas based on the type of land cover; route to the hotspot or the fire department locations; a chart of the estimated burned area from the source footprint of hotspot; and a chart of the number of hotspots per day that have been classified by temperature. The percentage value of the web feasibility for the functionality test to 13 WebGIS features is 100% with a very good predicate, the usability test is 91.5% with a very good predicate, and the portability test on 18 web browsers applications is 100% with a very good predicate.


Author(s):  
Aditya Saputra ◽  
Christopher Gomez ◽  
Ioannis Delikostidis ◽  
Peyman Zawar-Reza ◽  
Danang Sri Hadmoko ◽  
...  

Yogyakarta City is one of the big city which is located in Java Island, Indonesia. Yogyakarta City, including study area (Pleret Sub District), are very prone to earthquake hazards, because close to several active earthquake sources. For example, Sunda Megathrust which often generates a big earthquake which can affect the study area. The Sunda Megathrust extends from north to south and west to east along the Sumatra and Java Islands. Furthermore, an active normal fault called as Opak Fault pass through right in the middle of Study area and divides the study area into east and west zone. Recently, after the devastating earthquake in 2006, the population of the study area increases significantly. As a result, the housing demand is also increasing. However, due to the absence of earthquake building code in the study area, locals tend to build improper new houses. Furthermore, in some part of the mountainous area in the study area, there are some building found in unstable slopes area. Due to this condition, the multi-hazard and risk study needs to be done in Pleret. The increasing of population and improper houses in Pleret Sub-District can lead to amplify the impact. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the multi-hazards and risk of earthquake and other related secondary hazards such as ground amplification, liquefaction, and coseismic landslide.&nbsp; The method mainly utilised the geographic information system, remote sensing and was fit up by the outcrop study. The results show that the middle part of the study area has a complex geological structure. It was indicated by a lot of unchartered faults was found in the outcrops. Furthermore, the relatively prone areas to earthquake can be determined. In term of the coseismic landslide, the prone area to the coseismic landslide is located in the east part of the study area in the middle slope of Baturagung Escarpment. The highly potential area of liquefaction is dominated in the central part of the study area. In term of building collapsed probability, the result shows that the safest house based on statistical analysis is the residential house with the building attribute of wood structure, roof cast material, distance more than 15 km from the earthquake source, and located above the Nglanggran Formation. Finally, the multi-hazard and risk analysis show that the middle part of the study area is more vulnerable than the other part of Pleret Sub-District.


Author(s):  
Mitiku Badasa Moisa ◽  
Daniel Assefa Negash ◽  
Biratu Bobo Merga ◽  
Dessalegn Obsi Gemeda

Abstract The impact of land-use land-cover (LULC) change on soil resources is getting global attention. Soil erosion is one of the critical environmental problems worldwide with high severity in developing countries. This study integrates the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model with a geographic information system to estimate the impacts of LULC conversion on the mean annual soil loss in the Temeji watershed. In this study, LULC change of Temeji watershed was assessed from 2000 to 2020 by using 2000 Landsat ETM+ and 2020 Landsat OLI/TIRS images and classified using supervised maximum likelihood classification algorithms. Results indicate that the majority of the LULC in the study area is vulnerable to soil erosion. High soil loss is observed when grassland and forest land were converted into cultivated land with a mean soil loss of 88.8 and 86.9 t/ha/year in 2020. Results revealed that about 6,608.5 ha (42.8%) and 8,391.8 ha (54.4%) were categorized under severe classes in 2000 and 2020, respectively. Accordingly, the soil loss severity class is directly correlated with the over-exploitation of forest resources and grasslands for agricultural purposes. These results can be useful for advocacy to enhance local people and stakeholder's participation toward soil and water conservation practices.


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