scholarly journals A meta-analysis on individual differences in primary emotional systems and Big Five personality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Marengo ◽  
Kenneth L. Davis ◽  
Gökçe Özkarar Gradwohl ◽  
Christian Montag
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Emotional Systems

AbstractThe Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) were constructed as a self-report assessment to measure individual differences in Jaak Panksepp’s cross-species primary emotional systems: SEEKING, PLAY, CARE (positive emotions) and FEAR, SADNESS, ANGER (negative emotions). Beginning with the first published work on the ANPS in 2003, individual differences on the ANPS measures of these six primary emotional systems have been consistently linked to Big Five personality traits. From a theoretical perspective, these primary emotional systems arising from subcortical regions, shed light on the nature of the Big Five personality traits from an evolutionary perspective, because each of these primary emotional systems represent a tool for survival endowing mammalian species with inherited behavioral programs to react appropriately to complex environments. The present work revisited 21 available samples where both ANPS and Big Five measures have been administered. Our meta-analytical analysis provides solid evidence that high SEEKING relates to high Openness to Experience, high PLAY to high Extraversion, high CARE/low ANGER to high Agreeableness and high FEAR/SADNESS/ANGER to high Neuroticism. This seems to be true regardless of the ANPS inventory chosen, although much more work is needed in this area. Associations between primary emotional systems and Conscientiousness were in the lower effect size area across all six primary emotions, thereby supporting the idea that Conscientiousness rather seems to be less directly related with the subcortical primary emotions and likely is the most cognitive/cortical personality construct out of the Big Five. In sum, the present work underlines the idea that individual differences in primary emotional systems represent evolutionarily ancient foundations of human personality, given their a) meaningful links to the prominent Big Five model and b) their origins lying in subcortical areas of the human brain.

scholarly journals Behavioral Patterns in Smartphone Usage Predict Big Five Personality Traits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Stachl ◽  
Quay Au ◽  
Ramona Schoedel ◽  
Daniel Buschek ◽  
Sarah Völkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Smartphone Sensing

The understanding, quantification and evaluation of individual differences in behavior, feelings and thoughts have always been central topics in psychological science. An enormous amount of previous work on individual differences in behavior is exclusively based on data from self-report questionnaires. To date, little is known about how individuals actually differ in their objectively quantifiable behaviors and how differences in these behaviors relate to big five personality traits. Technological advances in mobile computer and sensing technology have now created the possiblity to automatically record large amounts of data about humans' natural behavior. The collection and analysis of these records makes it possible to analyze and quantify behavioral differences at unprecedented scale and efficiency. In this study, we analyzed behavioral data obtained from 743 participants in 30 consecutive days of smartphone sensing (25,347,089 logging-events). We computed variables (15,692) about individual behavior from five semantic categories (communication & social behavior, music listening behavior, app usage behavior, mobility, and general day- & nighttime activity). Using a machine learning approach (random forest, elastic net), we show how these variables can be used to predict self-assessments of the big five personality traits at the factor and facet level. Our results reveal distinct behavioral patterns that proved to be differentially-predictive of big five personality traits. Overall, this paper shows how a combination of rich behavioral data obtained with smartphone sensing and the use of machine learning techniques can help to advance personality research and can inform both practitioners and researchers about the different behavioral patterns of personality.

Transphobia and Gender Bashing in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Individual Differences and Psychosocial Variables

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110021
Author(s):  
Cristian Cabrera ◽  
Jorge-Manuel Dueñas ◽  
Sandra Cosi ◽  
Fabia Morales-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Social Reputation ◽  
And Gender

Although research in recent years has revealed widespread discrimination against transgender people, few studies have addressed the attitudes of those who discriminate. In fact, although studies report that bullying is very common in adolescence, little is known about the attitudes of adolescents towards transgender people. This study aimed to determine the roles of social reputation, family socialisation, the big five personality traits and aggressiveness in transphobia and gender bashing among adolescents. The sample consisted of 479 students (50.1% boys) aged 14–19 (M = 15.04; SD = 1.06). The results revealed that transphobia and gender bashing were significantly related to the study variables. Specifically, the results showed that transphobia is largely predicted by variables of the type related to affect and personality, while gender bashing is largely related to variables of a social and reputational nature. Similarly, differences were found between genders, with boys having significantly higher scores than girls for transphobia and gender bashing, as well as specificity of predictors. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Cognitive Correlates of Personality

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle W. Murdock ◽  
Kate B. Oddi ◽  
David J. Bridgett
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Report Measure

Research examining associations between executive functioning (EF) and personality traits has demonstrated promising results; however, examination of associations between Big Five personality traits and EF using an established EF framework has yet to be demonstrated. The present study examines associations between three aspects of EF (i.e., Cognitive Flexibility, Inhibition, and Updating/Monitoring), based upon a well-established EF framework, and Big Five personality traits. Participants (N = 182) completed neuropsychological measures of Cognitive Flexibility, Inhibition, and Updating/Monitoring as well as a self-report measure of personality. Better Updating/Monitoring was associated with lower Neuroticism and higher Openness. Openness was also positively associated with Cognitive Flexibility. These findings suggest that there may be a common underlying cognitive characteristic (i.e., Updating/Monitoring) linked with Neuroticism and Openness. Additional implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Positive Daily Experiences Are Associated with Personality Trait Changes in Middle–Aged Mothers

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Borghuis ◽  
Jaap J.A. Denissen ◽  
Klaas Sijtsma ◽  
Susan Branje ◽  
Wim H.J. Meeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Daily Experiences

Theory and research have suggested that recurrent daily experiences can affect personality traits. The present study examined the longitudinal relation between individual differences in positive daily experiences and the Big Five personality traits. Data came from Dutch mothers ( N = 483; M age = 44 years at T1) who completed up to six yearly personality questionnaires and 15 between–year assessment bursts, lasting five consecutive days each. Using multilevel structural equation modelling, we found that individual differences in daily experiences of positive affect and perceived relationship support/affection with partners and children were positively associated with subsequent rank–order changes in all Big Five personality traits. In contrast, we found little evidence that personality traits were associated with rank–order changes in daily experiences, which may be due to the very–high rank–order stability of positive affect and relationship support. Furthermore, positive daily experiences demonstrated incremental validity in predicting rank–order changes in trait agreeableness, emotional stability, and openness, over and above daily negative affect and relationship conflict. The results suggest that positive affective and interpersonal daily experiences contribute to positive personality trait changes in middle adulthood. We discuss these results in the context of contemporary theories of personality trait development. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

What Motivates Lay Third Parties to Take Sides in a Conflict? Examining the Relationships between the Big Five Personality Traits and Side–Taking Motives

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huadong Yang ◽  
Chaoping Li ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
A. A. Jolijn Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Chinese Student ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Intellectual Autonomy ◽  
Three Samples

Taking sides is one of the reactions available to third parties in handling a dispute. From the perspective of individual differences, this study was aimed at identifying lay third parties’ motives for side taking and exploring their relations with the Big Five personality traits. We tested our assumptions using three samples: A Dutch student sample ( n = 111), a Dutch employee sample ( n = 101) and a Chinese student sample ( n = 124). The findings revealed four types of side–taking motives: Moral, relational, reward–approaching and sanction–avoiding motives. The results also showed that individuals’ personality traits were relevant to the four types of side–taking motives: Agreeableness was associated with the relational motive for side taking, and intellectual autonomy was associated with the reward–approaching motive, the sanction–avoiding motive and the relational motive for side taking. Implications and explanations of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Relation between Trust Attitudes Toward Automation, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, and Big Five Personality Traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Yi Chien ◽  
Katia Sycara ◽  
Jyi-Shane Liu ◽  
Asiye Kumru
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
User Intention ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Trust In Automation

Automation has been widely used in interactions with smartphones, computers, and other machinery in recent decades. Studies have shown that inappropriate reliance on automation can lead to unexpected and even catastrophic results. Trust is conceived as an intervening variable between user intention and actions involving reliance on automation. It is generally believed that trust is dynamic and an individual’s culture or personality may influence automation use through changes in trust. To better understand how cultural and individual differences may affect a person’s trust and resulting behaviors, the present study examined the effects of cultural characteristics and personality traits on reported trust in automation in U.S., Taiwanese and Turkish populations. The results showed individual differences significantly affected human trust in automation across the three cultures.

scholarly journals The Big Five personality traits and CNS arousal in the resting state

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Jawinski ◽  
Sebastian Markett ◽  
Christian Sander ◽  
Jue Huang ◽  
Christine Ulke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Regulation Model

AbstractBased on Eysenck’s pioneering work, CNS arousal has long been considered an encouraging biological candidate that may explain individual differences in human personality. Yet, results from empirical studies remained inconclusive. Notably, the vast majority of published results have been derived from small samples, and EEG alpha power has usually served as exclusive indicator for CNS arousal. In this study, we selected N = 468 individuals of the LIFE-Adult cohort and investigated the associations between the Big Five personality traits and CNS arousal by using the low-resolution electromagnetic tomography-based analysis tool VIGALL. Our analyses revealed that subjects who reported higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience, respectively, exhibited lower levels of CNS arousal in the resting state. Bayesian and frequentist analysis results were especially convincing for openness to experience. Among the lower-order personality traits, we obtained strongest evidence for neuroticism facet ‘impulsivity’ and reduced CNS arousal. We regard these findings as well in line with the postulations of Eysenck and Zuckerman and consistent with the assumptions of the ‘arousal regulation model’. Our results also agree with meta-analytically derived effect sizes in the field of individual differences research, highlighting the need for large studies with at least several hundreds of subjects.

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