scholarly journals Diminished growth and vitality in juvenile Hydractinia echinata under anticipated future temperature and variable nutrient conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tschink ◽  
Gabriele Gerlach ◽  
Michael Winklhofer ◽  
Cora Kohlmeier ◽  
Bernd Blasius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Hydractinia Echinata ◽  
Northern Atlantic ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Numerical Growth Model

AbstractIn a warming climate, rising seawater temperatures and declining primary and secondary production will drastically affect growth and fitness of marine invertebrates in the northern Atlantic Ocean. To study the ecological performance of juvenile hydroids Hydractinia echinata we exposed them to current and predicted water temperatures which reflect the conditions in the inter- and subtidal in combination with changing food availability (high and low) in laboratory experiments. Here we show, that the interplay between temperature stress and diminished nutrition affected growth and vitality of juvenile hydroids more than either factor alone, while high food availability mitigated their stress responses. Our numerical growth model indicated that the growth of juvenile hydroids at temperatures beyond their optimum is a saturation function of energy availability. We demonstrated that the combined effects of environmental stressors should be taken into consideration when evaluating consequences of climate change. Interactive effects of ocean warming, decreasing resource availability and increasing organismal energy demand may have major impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function.

scholarly journals Habitat traits and food availability determine the response of marine invertebrates to ocean acidification

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pansch ◽  
Iris Schaub ◽  
Jonathan Havenhand ◽  
Martin Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Marine Invertebrates

scholarly journals Patterns of Corticosterone Secretion in Migrating Semipalmated Sandpipers at a Major Spring Stopover Site

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Mizrahi ◽  
Rebecca L. Holberton ◽  
Sidney A. Gauthreaux, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Secretion ◽  
Julian Date ◽  
Energetic Condition ◽  
Semipalmated Sandpipers

AbstractSeasonal changes in corticosterone metabolism may be in part responsible for mediating the changes in nutrient reserves before and during migration. To investigate the role of glucocorticoids in the migratory physiology of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), we compared plasma levels of corticosterone in response to capture and handling stress during prolonged stopovers in Delaware Bay during spring 1996 and 1997. Although Semipalmated Sandpipers showed significant stress responses to handling in both years, the magnitude of the response was significantly lower in 1997. We found no correlation between energetic condition and initial corticosterone concentration in either year, or between energetic condition and corticosterone concentration in samples collected 30 min after capture in 1996. However, energetic condition was positively correlated with corticosterone concentration in 30 min sample collected in 1997. Between-year differences in regression functions of energetic condition by Julian date suggested that birds were accumulating fat mass more rapidly, or arriving in better energetic condition during 1996 compared to 1997. Those differences were especially evident during the “early” stages (before 26 May) of stopover periods. In 1997, we found that birds sampled early in the season did not show a significant increase in corticosterone 30 min after capture, while birds sampled in early 1996 did. In both years, birds sampled during the “late” stages of stopover periods (after and including 26 May) showed significant stress response. Birds in relatively poor energetic condition, or with low rates of fat-mass gain, were less likely to secrete additional corticosterone in response to acute stress, possibly to protect skeletal muscle needed for migratory flight. Those results suggest that patterns of corticosterone secretion in sandpipers can be modified in response to changes in energy demand during the migratory period.

scholarly journals The influence of sponge-dwelling gobies (Elacatinus horsti) on the feeding efficiency of their Caribbean tube sponge ( Aplysina sp.) hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan J Siemann ◽  
Aldo Turco ◽  
Shannon D Brown ◽  
Rita BJ Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Feeding Efficiency ◽  
In Situ Methods ◽  
Fluorescein Dye ◽  
Measure Estimate

Mutualistic associations between benthic marine invertebrates and reef taxa are common. Sponge-dwelling gobies benefit from protection within sponge tubes and greater food availability. Sponge-dwelling gobies are hypothesized to increase sponge pump rates by consuming polychaete parasites, but such increases have not yet been demonstrated. We investigated the association between sponge-dwelling gobies (Elacatinus horsti) and two species of tube sponge (Aplysina lacunosa and Aplysina archeri) in Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands. We visually assessed goby presence in sponges and used in situ methods with fluorescein dye to measure estimate feeding rates via pump rates. Aplysina archeri were more likely to host a goby than A. lacunosa. For both sponge species, pump rates of tubes with gobies were higher on average than those of tubes without gobies. Our observations, therefore, suggest that E. horsti associations with Aplysina are likely mutualistic relationships in which sponges benefit from higher feeding rates when gobies are present.

scholarly journals Weather and food availability additively affect reproductive output in an expanding raptor population

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Nägeli ◽  
Patrick Scherler ◽  
Stephanie Witczak ◽  
Benedetta Catitti ◽  
Adrian Aebischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Nestling Development ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Expanding Population

AbstractThe joint effects of interacting environmental factors on key demographic parameters can exacerbate or mitigate the separate factors’ effects on population dynamics. Given ongoing changes in climate and land use, assessing interactions between weather and food availability on reproductive performance is crucial to understand and forecast population dynamics. By conducting a feeding experiment in 4 years with different weather conditions, we were able to disentangle the effects of weather, food availability and their interactions on reproductive parameters in an expanding population of the red kite (Milvus milvus), a conservation-relevant raptor known to be supported by anthropogenic feeding. Brood loss occurred mainly during the incubation phase, and was associated with rainfall and low food availability. In contrast, brood loss during the nestling phase occurred mostly due to low temperatures. Survival of last-hatched nestlings and nestling development was enhanced by food supplementation and reduced by adverse weather conditions. However, we found no support for interactive effects of weather and food availability, suggesting that these factors affect reproduction of red kites additively. The results not only suggest that food-weather interactions are prevented by parental life-history trade-offs, but that food availability and weather conditions are crucial separate determinants of reproductive output, and thus population productivity. Overall, our results suggest that the observed increase in spring temperatures and enhanced anthropogenic food resources have contributed to the elevational expansion and the growth of the study population during the last decades.

scholarly journals Stress: conceptualization, framing, and induction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Jing Wen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Differential Stress ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Stress Study

Past research has often conceptualized stress from a deficit-oriented approach. This approach is unbalanced, often associating stress with negative events and outcomes. The current study examined stress from the Transactional Model, and proposed alternative ways to conceptualize stress. In addition, both psychosocial and physiological stressors were utilized to induce stress. Study aims were threefold: (1) to examine beliefs about stress and effects of framing on changes to perceptions of stress, (2) to examine the comparative effects of two different stress-induction methods, and (3) to explore the interactive effects of framing and stress-induction on subjective perceptions of stress and measures of stress reactivity. Results confirmed a deficit-orientation of stress within the sampled population. Comparative effects of both stressors highlighted differential stress responses based on task demands and appraisal. Finally, interactive effects of framing and stress-induction provided support for alternative conceptualizations of stress in adaptive coping.

Anthropogenic Sound: Effects on the Behavior and Physiology of Fishes

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur N. Popper ◽  
Jane Fewtrell ◽  
Michael E. Smith ◽  
Robert D. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Sounds ◽  
The Impact

Anthropogenic sound in the marine environment continues to increase. Sound sources range from increased vessel traffic to transient but intense sounds such as those produced by seismic air guns, pile driving, or some sonars. While most interest in anthropogenic sounds has focused on marine mammals, there is an increasing concern regarding the impact of such sounds on fishes and marine invertebrates. Since the inner ear hearing receptors of fishes are similar to those of marine mammals, any effects seen on the hearing receptors of marine mammals may also be found in fishes and vice versa. Despite increasing interest in the effects of sounds on fishes, this issue has only been addressed on the most limited scale. Here we review the current literature in this area. It has been reported that high sound levels can damage the inner ear sensory cells, produce hearing loss (threshold shifts), elicit stress responses, and alter the behavior of fishes. At least in terms of hearing loss, these effects are modulated by exposure sound level and duration. The effects of various types of sound (e.g., impulsive vs. continuous) and long-term impacts of how anthropogenic sounds affect the behavior and ecology of fishes need exploration in the future.

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