scholarly journals Probiotics: their action against pathogens can be turned around

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Gan ◽  
Wei-Hua Xu ◽  
Yuanyan Xiong ◽  
Zhaolin Lv ◽  
Jianwei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vertebrate Host ◽  
Fish Survival ◽  
Shared Gene

AbstractProbiotics when applied in complex evolving (micro-)ecosystems, might be selectively beneficial or detrimental to pathogens when their prophylactic efficacies are prone to ambient interactions. Here, we document a counter-intuitive phenomenon that probiotic-treated zebrafish (Danio rerio) were respectively healthy at higher but succumbed at lower level of challenge with a pathogenic Vibrio isolate. This was confirmed by prominent dissimilarities in fish survival and histology. Based upon the profiling of the zebrafish microbiome, and the probiotic and the pathogen shared gene orthogroups (genetic niche overlaps in genomes), this consequently might have modified the probiotic metabolome as well as the virulence of the pathogen. Although it did not reshuffle the architecture of the commensal microbiome of the vertebrate host, it might have altered the probiotic-pathogen inter-genus and intra-species communications. Such in-depth analyses are needed to avoid counteractive phenomena of probiotics and to optimise their efficacies to magnify human and animal well-being. Moreover, such studies will be valuable to improve the relevant guidelines published by organisations such as FAO, OIE and WHO.

scholarly journals Identification of Individual Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Refined Protocol for VIE Tagging Whilst Considering Animal Welfare and the Principles of the 3Rs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Anita Rácz ◽  
Brooke Allan ◽  
Toni Dwyer ◽  
Davide Thambithurai ◽  
Amélie Crespel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Aquatic Ecology ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Fish Survival ◽  
The Three Rs

In aquatic ecology, studies have commonly employed a tagging technique known as visible implant elastomer (VIE). This method has not been widely adopted by the zebrafish research community and also lacks refinement with regard to animal welfare. The current paper introduces a new VIE tagging protocol, with the aim of improving existing tagging techniques by placing particular emphasis on the Three Rs. To improve animal welfare and fish survival, we added the use of an analgesic compound (lidocaine) through the marking procedure, followed by after-treatment with antiseptics (melaleuca, aloe vera, and PVP-I as active ingredients) to improve tissue regeneration and healing. The newly improved protocol has been quantitatively evaluated on different populations and age groups of zebrafish. This study will be useful to the scientific zebrafish community and to the wider field including biologist and aquarists, especially in consideration of animal welfare, where tagging techniques are considered as a potential noxious stimulus for fish.

scholarly journals Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a Vertebrate Model Host To Study Colonization, Pathogenesis, and Transmission of FoodborneEscherichia coliO157

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Stones ◽  
Alexander G. J. Fehr ◽  
Laurel Thompson ◽  
Jacqueline Rocha ◽  
Nicolas Perez-Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Vertebrate Host ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vertebrate Model ◽  
Waterborne Infection ◽  
Enterocyte Effacement ◽  
Foodborne Infection

ABSTRACTFoodborne infections with enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) are a major cause of diarrheal illness in humans and can lead to severe complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle and other ruminants are the main reservoir of EHEC, which enters the food chain through contaminated meat, dairy, or vegetables. Here, we describe the establishment of a vertebrate model for foodborne EHEC infection, using larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a host and the protozoan preyParamecium caudatumas a vehicle. We follow pathogen release from the vehicle, intestinal colonization, microbe-host interactions, and microbial gene induction within a live vertebrate host, in real time, throughout the course of infection. We demonstrate that foodborne EHEC colonizes the gastrointestinal tract faster and establishes a higher burden than waterborne infection. Expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), a key EHEC virulence factor, was observed early during infection, mainly at sites that experience fluid shear, and required tight control to enable successful host colonization. EHEC infection led to strain- and LEE-dependent mortality in the zebrafish host. Despite the presence of the endogenous microbiota limiting EHEC colonization levels, EHEC colonization and virulence can be studied either under gnotobiotic conditions or against the backdrop of an endogenous (and variable) host microbiota. Finally, we show that the model can be used for investigation of factors affecting shedding and transmission of bacteria to naive hosts. Overall, this constitutes a useful model, which ideally complements the strengths of existing EHEC vertebrate models.IMPORTANCEEnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) is a foodborne pathogen which can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and, in some cases, severe complications such as kidney failure in humans. Up to 30% of cattle are colonized with EHEC, which can enter the food chain through contaminated meat, dairy, and vegetables. In order to control infections and stop transmission, it is important to understand what factors allow EHEC to colonize its hosts, cause virulence, and aid transmission. Since this cannot be systematically studied in humans, it is important to develop animal models of infection and transmission. We developed a model which allows us to study foodborne infection in zebrafish, a vertebrate host that is transparent and genetically tractable. Our results show that foodborne infection is more efficient than waterborne infection and that the locus of enterocyte effacement is a key virulence determinant in the zebrafish model. It is induced early during infection, and loss of tight LEE regulation leads to a decreased bacterial burden and decreased host mortality. Overall, the zebrafish model allows us to study foodborne infection, including pathogen release from the food vehicle and gene regulation and its context of host-microbe interactions, as well as environmental shedding and transmission to naive hosts.

scholarly journals Schinus terebinthifolius raddi pepper oil used as na addictive in Hyphessobrycon eques steindachner fish diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e192963118
Author(s):  
Everton Luís Nascimento Porto ◽  
Fernando Freitas de Lima ◽  
Rebeca Maria Sousa ◽  
David Giovanni de Almeida Banhara ◽  
Wesley Clovis Barbieri Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Size Uniformity ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Fish Survival

Pepper fruit oil has antioxidant and antifungal properties that can benefit the health and well-being of fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of the inclusion of brazillian pepper crude oil in the development and staining of Mato Grosso fish (Hyphessobrycon eques Steindachner, 1882). A total of 68 specimens of bush were distributed in four 10 L units in an individual recirculation system and thermostat water at 28° C. During the 60-day test, the fish were fed commercial diet (DC) and commercial diet supplemented with brazillian pepper essential oil (5g.kg-1) (DP). At the end of the experimental period, survival, growth, staining and thermogenicity were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the Tukey test (P>0.05). The addition of brazzilian pepper oil promoted higher fish survival (94.11%) and better condition factor (1.87). There was no difference in diet consumption by fish. However, the growth factors were smaller compared to the control group, except for the gain in length. The control group presented more homogenous weight, while the best size uniformity was obtained for the DP group. In highlight the DP provided an increase in fish thermogenicity and also increased staining in the L* and a* indices. It is concluded that this dose of pink pepper oil is not recommended as a complement to optimize color in ornamental fish, however, the substance is shown as a promising bioactive for the development of the immune system of these fish.

scholarly journals Visualizing trypanosomes in a vertebrate host reveals novel swimming behaviours, adaptations and attachment mechanisms

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Dóró ◽  
Sem H Jacobs ◽  
Ffion R Hammond ◽  
Henk Schipper ◽  
Remco PM Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Vertebrate Host ◽  
Swimming Behaviour ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Host Environment ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Detailed Imaging ◽  
Important Disease

Trypanosomes are important disease agents of humans, livestock and cold-blooded species, including fish. The cellular morphology of trypanosomes is central to their motility, adaptation to the host’s environments and pathogenesis. However, visualizing the behaviour of trypanosomes resident in a live vertebrate host has remained unexplored. In this study, we describe an infection model of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with Trypanosoma carassii. By combining high spatio-temporal resolution microscopy with the transparency of live zebrafish, we describe in detail the swimming behaviour of trypanosomes in blood and tissues of a vertebrate host. Besides the conventional tumbling and directional swimming, T. carassii can change direction through a ‘whip-like’ motion or by swimming backward. Further, the posterior end can act as an anchoring site in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a vertebrate infection model that allows detailed imaging of trypanosome swimming behaviour in vivo in a natural host environment.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

Inclusion of Transgender Voice and Communication Training in a University Clinic

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Oates ◽  
Georgia Dacakis
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Negative Impacts

Because of the increasing number of transgender people requesting speech-language pathology services, because having gender-incongruent voice and communication has major negative impacts on an individual's social participation and well-being, and because voice and communication training is supported by an improving evidence-base, it is becoming more common for universities to include transgender-specific theoretical and clinical components in their speech-language pathology programs. This paper describes the theoretical and clinical education provided to speech-language pathology students at La Trobe University in Australia, with a particular focus on the voice and communication training program offered by the La Trobe Communication Clinic. Further research is required to determine the outcomes of the clinic's training program in terms of student confidence and competence as well as the effectiveness of training for transgender clients.

Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Moving From Volume-Driven to Infant-Driven Feeding

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Current research on feeding outcomes after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suggests a need to critically look at the early underpinnings of persistent feeding problems in extremely preterm infants. Concepts of dynamic systems theory and sensitive care-giving are used to describe the specialized needs of this fragile population related to the emergence of safe and successful feeding and swallowing. Focusing on the infant as a co-regulatory partner and embracing a framework of an infant-driven, versus volume-driven, feeding approach are highlighted as best supporting the preterm infant's developmental strivings and long-term well-being.

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