Rs4911154 of circ-ITCH aggravated tumor malignancy of thyroid nodules via the circ-ITCH/miR-22-3p/CBL axis

AbstractRecent evidence revealed an inhibitory effect of circ-ITCH on the progression of papillary thyroid cancer via affecting the circ-ITCH/miR-22-3p/CBL axis. Rs4911154, an SNP located in circ-ITHC, was previously reported to be significantly associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ultrasound testing was used to evaluate the doubling time of thyroid nodules. 202 patients diagnosed with thyroid nodule disorders were divided into three groups according to their genotypes at rs4911154. We found that the A allele was correlated with a shortening doubling time of thyroid nodules. Moreover, the A allele contributed to reduced expression of circ-ITCH/CBL and increased expression of miR-22-3p. Besides, decreased tissue apoptosis was linked to the A allele. Luciferase assays indicated that miR-22-3p could effectively suppress the luciferase activities of CBL and circ-ITCH. Furthermore, manual up-regulation of miR-22-3p effectively suppressed the expression of CBL, while CBL siRNA apparently abolished circ-ITCH induced CBL upregulation, reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of K1 and TPC-1 cells. A signaling pathway of circ-ITCH/miR-22-3p/CBL axis was established to explain the effect of SNP of circ-ITCH in thyroid tumor malignancy. Compared with the G allele, the A allele in rs4911154 contributed to the malignancy of thyroid nodules with decreased doubling time and down-regulated CBL expression.

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NO BENEFIT OF DEDICATED THYROID NODULE SCREENING IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.4158/ep-2019-0254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 16-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ngan Betty Lai ◽

Dave Garg ◽

Anthony P. Heaney ◽

Marvin Bergsneider ◽

Angela M. Leung

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Fine Needle Aspiration ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Fine Needle

Objective: Acromegaly results from the excessive production of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. While there is up to a 2-fold increased prevalence of thyroid nodules in patients with acromegaly, the incidence of thyroid cancer in this population varies from 1.6 to 10.6% in several European studies. The goal of our study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer among patients with acromegaly at a large urban academic medical center in the United States (U.S.). Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients with acromegaly between 2006–2015 within the University of California, Los Angeles health system. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, thyroid ultrasounds, thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy cytology, and thyroid surgical pathology. Results: In this cohort (n = 221, 49.3% women, mean age 53.8 ± 15.2 [SD] years, 55.2% Caucasian), 102 patients (46.2%) underwent a thyroid ultrasound, from which 71 patients (52.1% women, mean age 52.9 ± 15.2 [SD] years, 56.3% Caucasian) were found to have a thyroid nodule. Seventeen patients underwent a thyroid nodule FNA biopsy and the results revealed 12 benign biopsies, 1 follicular neoplasm, 3 suspicious for malignancy, and 1 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), from which 6 underwent thyroidectomy; PTC was confirmed by surgical pathology for all cases (8.5% of all nodules observed). Conclusion: In this sample, the prevalence of thyroid cancer in patients with acromegaly and coexisting thyroid nodules is similar to that reported in the general U.S. population with thyroid nodules (7 to 15%). These findings suggest that there is no benefit of dedicated thyroid nodule screening in patients newly diagnosed with acromegaly. Abbreviations: AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ATA = American Thyroid Association; DTC = differentiated thyroid cancer; FNA = fine needle aspiration; GH = growth hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; PTC = papillary thyroid cancer; U.S. = United States

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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Cystic Changes in a Patient With Prior History of Toxic Nodule

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports ◽

10.1177/2324709620942672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 232470962094267

Author(s):

Gliceida Maria Galarza Fortuna ◽

Paola Rios ◽

Ailyn Rivero ◽

Gabriela Zuniga ◽

Kathrin Dvir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Lobectomy ◽

Cystic Changes ◽

History Of

Thyroid nodules are palpable on up to 7% of asymptomatic patients. Cancer is present in 8% to 16% of those patients with previously identified thyroid nodules. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of thyroid cancers. Although most appear as solid nodules on ultrasound imaging, a subset of 2.5% to 6% has cystic components. The presence of cystic changes within thyroid nodules decreases the accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, given the difficulty of obtaining appropriate cellular content. This becomes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We present a case of a 31-year-old female with a 1-month history of palpitations, fatigue, and night sweats, who underwent evaluation, and was diagnosed with subclinical hyperthyroidism. She presented 4 years later with compressive symptoms leading to repeat FNA, showing Bethesda III-atypia of undetermined significance and negative molecular testing. Thyroid lobectomy revealed PTC with cystic changes. This case is a reminder that patients with hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule should have closer follow-up. It poses the diagnostic dilemma of how much is good enough in the evaluation and management of a thyroid nodule. Early detection and action should be the standard of care.

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Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient area

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-0410 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 161 (4) ◽

pp. 599-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Semra Ayturk ◽

Alptekin Gursoy ◽

Altug Kut ◽

Cuneyd Anil ◽

Asli Nar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Thyroid Volume ◽

Control Group ◽

Nodule Formation ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Deficient Area

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities with insulin resistance (IR) as a major component. It has been recently questioned whether MetS and its related components are associated with functional and morphological alterations of the thyroid gland. The aim of our study is to examine thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a case–control study of patients with MetS in a mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient area.DesignTwo hundred and seventy-eight patients with MetS were randomly matched for age, gender, and smoking habits with 261 subjects without MetS. Serum TSH, free tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine, and the level of IR, which was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment for IR, as well as other MetS parameters were evaluated. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed in all subjects. All subjects with thyroid nodules >1 cm were offered to undergo thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy.ResultsTSH was significantly positively correlated with the presence of MetS diagnosis. There was no association between free thyroid hormone levels and MetS and its related components. Mean thyroid volume was significantly higher in patients with MetS than in controls (17.5±5.5 vs 12.2±4.2 ml, P<0.0001). Also the percentage of patients with thyroid nodules was significantly higher in patients with MetS (50.4 vs 14.6%, P<0.0001). Subjects were also divided into two groups according to the presence of IR. The group of subjects with IR had increased thyroid volume and nodule formation. The odds ratio for the development of thyroid nodule in the presence of IR was 3.2. TSH as well as all MetS components were found to be independent predictors for thyroid volume increase. IR but not TSH was found to be correlated with thyroid nodule formation. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 3 out of 38 patients with MetS who agreed to have a biopsy (7.9%). None of the subjects in the control group was diagnosed to have thyroid cancer.ConclusionsThe results suggest that patients with MetS have significantly increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence. Multivariate regression analysis model demonstrated that the presence of IR contributed substantially to this increased risk. Our data provide the first evidence that IR is an independent risk factor for nodule formation in an iodine-deficient environment.

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Will Real Time Visualization of Needle in Target Thyroid Nodules Minimize False Negative FNA Results?

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A904-A905

Author(s):

Vijaykumar Sekar ◽

Panadeekarn Panjawatanan ◽

Sofia Junaid Syed

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

False Negative ◽

Thyroid Ultrasound ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Real Time Visualization ◽

The Right

Abstract Introduction: Prevalence of thyroid nodules in the adult population based on detection by ultrasonography is about 20-76% of which only 5% account for thyroid cancer. All patients with a suspected thyroid nodule either on physical examination or noted incidentally on other imaging should be evaluated with thyroid ultrasound. Any thyroid nodule >= 1 cm on ultrasound should be investigated with FNAC. Ultrasound guided FNAC techniques are used to reduce false negative results. We present a patient with suspicious finding on initial thyroid ultrasound and subsequent negative FNAC presenting a few years later with papillary thyroid cancer. Case Presentation: A 32 y.o. female with history of thyroid nodule and thyroiditis presented to the endocrine clinic for follow-up of her thyroid nodule. 5 years ago, she was diagnosed with thyroid nodule, which was found on an ultrasound scan for workup of her dysphagia. The thyroid ultrasound then showed diffusely heterogeneous thyroid gland with an ill-defined area of decreased echogenicity in the right lobe and left superior lobe and possible nodule in the lower pole left thyroid. Blood work showed TSH of 1.71 (n 0.34-3.00 uIU/ml) and thyroid peroxidase antibody levels was 27.8 (n < 9.0 IU/ml). A CT scan of neck with contrast was done and no concerning mass was seen. The patient had a follow-up ultrasound after 8 months which showed small bilateral thyroid lesions, somewhat ill-defined. The patient had an FNA biopsy of the right thyroid nodule: the results were consistent with a benign follicular nodule. A follow-up thyroid ultrasound was done in a year, and the findings were unchanged. The patient came back 3 years later for follow-up with complaints of a new palpable nodule in the neck. Ultrasound showed unchanged right thyroid nodule and some new cervical adenopathy. The ultrasound showed a 2.2 cm heterogeneous lymph node with punctate echogenic foci along the right lateral margin of the right internal jugular vein at the level of the thyroid gland, Subsequently FNA biopsy of the right cervical node and right thyroid node were done. The cells from lymph nodes were positive for malignancy and cells from the right thyroid nodule were atypical. Overall the appearance was consistent with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Subsequently the patient underwent total thyroidectomy and right modified lymph node dissection and the pathology results came back as multifocal papillary thyroid cancer right side 1.2 cm and left side 0.4 cm, with metastasis to 2 lymph nodes. Conclusion: The reported false negative rate of ultrasound-guided FNAC is variable. Success of US-FNA depends on experience of operator and cyto-pathologist and the intrinsic nature of the nodule. Malignancy rates of only 1-2% are reported with repeat FNA in prior benign nodules. Good FNA techniques and real-time visualization of needle in target nodules can further decrease false negatives.

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Papillary thyroid cancer in an adolescent with a toxic single nodular goiter

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl2017632114-116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 114-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga S. Rogova ◽

Goar F. Okminyan ◽

Lubov N. Samsonova ◽

Elena V. Kiseleva ◽

Oleg Yu. Latyshev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Risk Of Malignancy ◽

Functional Autonomy

The rate of nodular goiter in children ranges from 0.05 to 5.1%; in this case, the risk of thyroid cancer in childhood amounts to 3―70% of all cases of thyroid pathology. Therefore, the main issue is the differential diagnosis of a nosological variant of a thyroid nodule, which defines the optimal therapeutic tactics for a particular patient. The risk of malignancy is traditionally believed to be low in the case of decompensated functional autonomy of a thyroid nodule; therefore, the need for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) followed by cytomorphological analysis of the aspirate is avoided in most cases. The presented clinical case demonstrates papillary cancer in an adolescent with a toxic single nodular goiter. A thyroid ultrasound examination revealed a nodular lesion in the boy. An increase in the thyroid size and thyrotoxicosis manifestation occurred 3 years later. A cytomorphological study identified follicular neoplasia; scintigraphy revealed a hot nodule. Surgical treatment was planned. Antithyroid therapy was prescribed to prepare for surgery. After compensation of thyrotoxicosis, hemithyroidectomy was performed. A histological examination diagnosed papillary thyroid cancer, which required repeated thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine I131 ablation. The postoperative period was uneventful; the patient well tolerated suppressive levothyroxine therapy. Therefore, the presence of a toxic single nodular goiter does not exclude thyroid cancer, which defines the need to discuss the indications for FNAB of thyroid nodules in children.

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Increased thyroid malignancy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-21-0217 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luchuan Li ◽

Baoyuan Li ◽

Bin Lv ◽

Weili Liang ◽

Binbin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Biological Data ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Preoperative Ultrasound ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Multiple studies have reported increased incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). However, the underlying risk factors of concomitant thyroid cancer in patients with PHPT remain unknown. The primary aim of this study was to examine the records of patients with PHPT to identify characteristics that correlated with the presence of coexisting thyroid nodules, and which may have an implication for the prediction of thyroid cancer. Methods: Medical records of consecutive patients with PHPT (n=318) were reviewed from Jan 2010 to Sep 2020 in two tertiary medical centers in China. Patient clinicopathological and biological data were collected and analyzed. Results: Of a total of 318 patients with PHPT, 105 (33.0%) patients had thyroid nodules and 26 (8.2%) patients were concomitant with thyroid cancer. A total of 38 thyroid nodules taken from 26 patients were pathologically assessed to be well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), with 81% being papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). In 79% (30/38) of these cancers, thyroid nodules were considered suspicious following preoperative ultrasound. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender was associated with increased risk of thyroid nodules (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.13-3.99, p = 0.019), while lower log-transformed parathyroid hormone levels were an independent predictor of thyroid cancer in patients with PHPT (OR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.26-0.93, p = 0.028). Conclusion: In conclusion, we observed a relatively high prevalence of thyroid cancer in our cohort of Chinese patients with PHPT. Evaluation of thyroid nodules by preoperative ultrasound may be advisable in patients with PHPT, particularly for females and patients with modestly elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels.

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McGill Thyroid Nodule Score in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Pediatric Thyroid Nodules: A Pilot Study

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599817715629 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 157 (4) ◽

pp. 589-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michael Canfarotta ◽

Douglas Moote ◽

Christine Finck ◽

Rebecca Riba-Wolman ◽

Shefali Thaker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽

Chart Review ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

Indeterminate Cytology

Objective The McGill Thyroid Nodule Score (MTNS) is a preoperative tool used to predict the risk for well-differentiated thyroid cancer given a specific nodule in adults. We evaluated the clinical utility of a modified pediatric MTNS with children and adolescents. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods This is a retrospective chart review of 46 patients ≤18 years of age presenting with a solitary or dominant thyroid nodule treated with surgical resection between September 2008 and December 2015. The cumulative MTNS for each nodule was calculated and compared with the final pathology. Results Of 46 patients, 10 (21.7%) were diagnosed with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (80% papillary thyroid carcinoma, 10% follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, 10% follicular thyroid carcinoma). Malignant nodules were associated with a greater mean MTNS (benign, 5.72 ± 3.03; malignant, 16 ± 3.13; P < .05). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of malignancy were 100%, 94.4%, and 83.3% for scores ≥10 and 80%, 100%, and 100% for scores ≥11, respectively. In nodules with indeterminate cytology (Bethesda III and IV), the pediatric MTNS showed good differentiation between benign and malignant disease, with mean scores of 7.95 and 12.5, respectively ( P = .006). Conclusion This pilot study suggests that a comprehensive scoring system may help assess the risk of malignancy in pediatric thyroid nodules and differentiate nodules with indeterminate cytology into higher- and lower-risk categories. Given these findings, larger, multi-institutional studies are warranted.

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B-RAF V600E mutational analysis of fine needle aspirates correlates with diagnosis of thyroid nodules

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2009.01.007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 140 (5) ◽

pp. 709-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Brandon G. Bentz ◽

Brian T. Miller ◽

Joseph A. Holden ◽

Leslie R. Rowe ◽

Joel S. Bentz

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Treatment Planning ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Melting Curve Analysis ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Follicular Variant ◽

Fine Needle ◽

Mutational Status

Objective: A mutation of B-type RAF kinase (B-RAF) represents the most common genetic alteration in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), possibly signifying a more aggressive biology. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) represents the most useful initial diagnostic tool of thyroid nodules. Molecular analysis of the mutation status of B-RAF in thyroid nodule FNAs may provide guidance for treatment planning. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective chart review was undertaken for clinically relevant data of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular variant of PTC (FV-PTC), and nonmalignant goiters. After blinded pathologic review, histologic and cytologic samples were analyzed by LightCycler PCR (LCPCR) with allele-specific fluorescent probe melting curve analysis (FMCA) for the V600E mutation of B-RAF. Results: Of the 45 patient samples analyzed, B-RAF mutation was found to be significantly higher in papillary carcinomas when compared to follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas (55.6% vs 14.3%, P = 0.05). Pathologic B-RAF mutational status significantly correlated with cytologic B-RAF mutational status ( P < 0.0001), cytologic interpretation ( P = 0.012), and histologic diagnosis ( P = 0.011). Conclusions: Determination of B-RAF V600E mutation of thyroid nodule FNAs by LCPCR may be a useful tool to guide treatment planning. These data support investigating the utility of this molecular marker in a prospective manner.

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Male Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer Have a Higher Risk of Extranodal Extension

10.21203/rs.3.rs-542939/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hu Hei ◽

Bin Zhou ◽

Wenbo Gong ◽

Chen Zheng ◽

Jianwu Qin

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Clinicopathological Factors ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Extranodal Extension ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Male Patients ◽

Male Sex

Abstract Purpose: There is a sex disparity in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Male sex is associated with a higher likelihood of advanced stage disease. This study aimed to examine the significance of sex for extranodal extension (ENE) in PTC. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the data of PTC patients who had undergone initial surgical resection from July 2012 to December 2014 (N = 1531). The effects of sex and other clinicopathological factors on ENE were investigated.Results: Of 1531 patients identified, 377 (24.6%) were male, 816 (53.3%) had positive nodes, and 256 (16.7%) had ENE. Compared with female patients, male patients had a higher risk of ENE (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 - 2.87; P < 0.001), age older than 60 years (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.08 - 3.35; P = 0.023), extrathyroidal extension (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.42 - 5.14; P < 0.001), bilateral multifocality (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.53 - 3.13; P < 0.001), and more positive nodes were significantly associated with increased risk of ENE. Patients with 6-10 positive nodes were 16.45-fold higher to have ENE than patients with 5 positive nodes or less (95% CI, 11.07 - 24.68; P < 0.001).Conclusion: Male PTC patients had a higher risk of ENE than female. Sex was an independent predictor of ENE. The underlying mechanism needs to be investigated further.

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Prevalence and pattern of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodule in Aseer Central Hospital in KSA

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20174207 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 908 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jibril Yahya Hudise ◽

Khalid Ali Alshehri ◽

Saad Nasser Alqarni ◽

Yara Assiri ◽

Ashwaq Asiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Malignancy ◽

Central Hospital ◽

Medullary Thyroid

Background: Thyroid nodules are common in the general population, especially in women. Non palpable nodules are often found when patients undergo diagnostic imaging such as ultrasonography and computed tomography of the chest and neck. This retrospective study to assess the Prevalence of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodule related to gender, age, and pathology, in Aseer Central Hospital KSA. Methods: During a 5-year period (2011–2016), the medical records of 319 patients with thyroid nodules were collected from the department of pathology at Aseer Central Hospital KSA. The cases were reviewed for data on gender, age, and the pathological result. All patients underwent hemi or total thyroidectomy. Comparisons between genders, age groups, and tissue origins were performed. All statistical tests were performed with SPSS software. Results: Over a period of 5 years, a total of 319 patients: male 17.2% and female 82.8% Underwent for hemi or total thyroidectomy. The age of presentation was ranging from 14 to 80 years. Among the 319 cases of thyroid nodules 73.7% were benign nodules and 26.3% malignant nodules. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in 72.6%, follicular thyroid carcinoma 10.6%, Hurthle cell carcinoma 4.8%, anaplastic carcinoma 4.8%, thyroid lymphoma 4.8% and medullary thyroid carcinoma in 2.4%. Conclusions: Thyroid nodule is a common clinical problem and the proportion of such nodules that prove to be malignant is not small, investigations are of immense help to corroborate with the clinical and morphological finding. Papillary thyroid carcinoma most common malignant thyroid carcinoma followed by follicular thyroid carcinoma, hurthel cell carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma and finally medullary thyroid Carcinoma. No significant different between male and female as risk factors for malignancy.

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