scholarly journals Persistent hyperammonia and altered concentrations of urea cycle metabolites in a 5-day swine experiment of sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Ferrario ◽  
Roberta Pastorelli ◽  
Laura Brunelli ◽  
Shengchen Liu ◽  
Pedro Paulo Zanella do Amaral Campos ◽  
...  

AbstractWe measured plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolite concentrations in a 5-day porcine sepsis model of fecal peritonitis. The objectives were: (i) to verify whether the expected pathways that had emerged in previous studies pertain only to the early inflammatory response or persist for the subsequent days; (ii) to identify metabolic derangements that arise later; (iii) to verify whether CSF metabolite concentrations were altered and if these alterations were similar to those in the blood or delayed. We observed an early response to inflammation and cytokine storms with alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism. The arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and phenylalanine/tyrosine balances changed 24 h after resuscitation in plasma, and later in CSF. There was a rise in ammonia concentration, with altered concentrations of metabolites in the urea cycle. Whether persistent derangement of these pathways have a role not only on short-term outcomes but also on longer-term comorbidities, such as septic encephalopathy, should be addressed in further studies.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
L. A. Kitrar ◽  
T. M. Lipkind

The article proposes a new set of composite indicators-predictors in business tendency surveys, which allow identifying early information signals of a cyclical nature in the economic behavior of business agents. The main criterion for the efficiency of such indicators is their sensitivity to a cyclical pattern and changes in the dynamics of statistical referents. Property such as a statistically significant lead in time series or earlier publication allows them to be combined into indicators of early response. The composite Business Activity Indicator (BAI) in the basic sectors of the Russian economy is calculated by the authors for the first time based on the results of regular (monthly and quarterly) business surveys of Rosstat for 1998–2020 with a large-scale coverage of sampling units. In 2020, the number of survey respondents averaged about 20,000 organizations of all sizes. The index reflects the «common» profile in the dynamics of short-term fluctuations of the key parameters of the economic environment, which consists of the «balances of opinions» of respondents to the questions unified for all sectoral surveys and connected with the reference quantitative statistics with cross-correlation coefficients that are statistically significantly different from zero, with a lead at least one quarter. This is its main difference from the well-known indices of economic sentiment and entrepreneurial confidence. The main components of the BAI are the new composite indices of real demand, current output, real employment, total profits and economic situation. They aggregate the relevant «order» statistics for the basic sectors of the national economy, including the main kinds of industrial activities, retail trade, construction, and services.The article provides a methodological substantiation and an extended procedure for identifying the BAI components; their composition is formed for the entire set of retrospective results of business tendency monitoring in Russia. A new Aggregate Economic Vulnerability Indicator with a counterdirectional profile and varying degrees of symmetry of its dynamics relative to the short-term movement of the BAI is being introduced as the main limitation of business activity. Proactive monitoring of emerging vulnerabilities in the business environment is necessary to warn their large-scale accumulation, prevent the risks of economic downturns and ensure the highest possible macroeconomic stability. This integrated approach makes it possible to determine the novelty of the proposed measurements of short-term cyclical fluctuations in economic development.


2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Narayan ◽  
Frank C. Molinia ◽  
John F. Cockrem ◽  
Jean-Marc Hero

Stressors generally decrease testosterone secretion and inhibit reproduction in animals. Urinary testosterone and corticosterone metabolite concentrations were measured in adult male cane toads (Rhinella marina) at the time of capture from the wild and during 24 h of confinement with repeated handling. Mean urinary testosterone concentrations increased 2 h after capture, were significantly elevated above initial concentrations at 5 h, and then declined. Mean testosterone concentrations remained elevated 24 h after capture. Mean urinary corticosterone concentrations increased after capture, were significantly elevated above initial concentrations at 2 h, and remained elevated thereafter. This is the first report in amphibians of an increase in testosterone excretion after capture from the wild, with previous studies showing either no change or decline in testosterone. This finding may be associated with the mating strategy and maintenance of reproductive effort in the cane toad, a species that shows explosive breeding and agonistic male–male interactions during breeding. The finding that testosterone excretion increases rather than decreases after capture in male cane toads shows that it should not be generally assumed that reproductive hormone secretion will decrease after capture in amphibians.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar N. Al-Sammarraie ◽  
Khalid Y. Alsharafa ◽  
Muhamad O. Al-limoun ◽  
Khaled M. Khleifat ◽  
Sameeh A. Al-Sarayreh ◽  
...  

AbstractIn this study, the regulation of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) specific activity, anthocyanin, carotenoid, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and protein levels in cress leaves in response to different abiotic stresses were investigated. The total APX specific activity was significantly elevated after 9 days of drought treatment, short-term (2 h) exposure to 10, 100 and 370 µE of light, long-term exposure (at least 6 days) to 100 mM NaCl versus the specific APX activity in the controls. Furthermore, a significant change in total APX activity was detected in response to treatment with different temperatures; this change was an early response to 4 °C and 30 °C for a maximum of 4 h, while short-term exposure to 35 °C did not change total APX activity. The results of the present study revealed that plants have a wide range of mechanisms to cope with different stresses that possibly involve morphological changes. The results indicated that Lepidium sativum plants launch common protective pathways only under drought, salinity and high light stresses, while other protective mechanisms/strategies could be responsible for increasing the plants tolerance towards temperature and low light. Future studies will investigate changes in the photosynthetic quantum yield and specific target metabolites, proteins, and nonenzymatic antioxidants.


2011 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. e102-e103
Author(s):  
R. Ronden ◽  
A. Houben ◽  
C. Tazelaar ◽  
J. Bakker ◽  
J. Bierau ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Hampel ◽  
Susanne Breitner ◽  
William E. Kraus ◽  
Elizabeth Hauser ◽  
Svati Shah ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juqing Lou ◽  
Jiaping Li ◽  
Xilei Wang

Environmental contextDenitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) is a new process in wastewater treatment with the potential to provide cheap and sustainable development. To better apply this technology to the large scale, we studied the response mechanism of DAMO microorganisms to ammonia, the main form of nitrogen in the nitrogenous wastewater. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the stable and efficient operation of DAMO processes. AbstractThe dominant microorganisms in the denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) process are primarily DAMO bacteria and DAMO archaea, which can simultaneously realise methane oxidation and denitrification. Ammonia is the primary form of nitrogen found in wastewater. This study focuses on a coexistence system that contains both DAMO bacteria and DAMO archaea (DAMO co-system). The short- and long-term effects of NH4+-N on the DAMO co-system were investigated at both the macro level (such as denitrification performance) and the micro level (such as microbial structure and community). Short-term experimental studies demonstrated that the safe concentration of ammonia for this system was 250mgNL−1. When the ammonia concentration was 500mgNL−1, the nitrogen removal efficiency was significantly inhibited. With an increase in concentration and an extension of time, the inhibitory effect of ammonia was enhanced. Long-term experimental studies showed that the nitrogen removal performance of DAMO was completely inhibited when the ammonia concentration reached 1000mgNL−1 and that ammonia had a toxic accumulation effect on the DAMO co-system. The results of the pH experimental study demonstrated that free ammonia (FA) was the limiting factor in the alkaline condition, while ionised NH4+ was the limiting factor in neutral and acidic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the microbes in the DAMO co-system shrank after short-term exposure and that the microorganisms shrank in the shape of polygons. High-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that the community structure of the DAMO co-system changed substantially, and the species diversity and abundance decreased distinctly after long-term inhibition. A genus analysis indicated that the reduction in Nitrospirae may be an internal reason for the decrease in the denitrification performance of the DAMO co-system.


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