scholarly journals Insights into soil bacterial and physicochemical properties of annual ryegrass-maize rotation (ARMR) system in southern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Xiong ◽  
Xiaopeng Yang ◽  
Yi Xiong ◽  
Chaohui Xiong ◽  
Wenlong Gou ◽  
...  

AbstractThe popularized application of annual ryegrass—maize rotation (ARMR) in southern China has been proposed to fully utilize the farmlands and to increase forage yield and quality. Herein, one growth cycle of ARMR was conducted and soil bacteria were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing for control (CK), after the preceding crop (monoculture, or mixed sowing of annual ryegrass and oat) and the successive crop (maize). Our results indicated that the α-diversity of soil bacteria was changed in the ARMR system, which was related to the activity of urease and available phosphatase. The mixed sowing of annual ryegrass and oat in preceding crop could improve the yield and quality, while it was accompanied by unbalanced soil community. With the increased sowing proportion of oat to annual ryegrass, the soil pH increased while the soil available phosphatase decreased. The ARMR system was found to benefit the soil microenvironment by increasing the beneficial soil bacteria and enzyme activity or decreasing the harmful soil bacteria. Considering the soil bacteria α-diversity index and physicochemical properties comprehensively, the recommended sowing regime is the mixed sowing of M2 (22.5 kg·hm−2 annual ryegrass with 75 kg·hm−2 oat).

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Stout ◽  
B. Brooke ◽  
J. W. Hall ◽  
D. J. Thompson

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
T. Moore

Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and four annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) types were intercropped to evaluate the potential yield and quality of forage which can be produced under irrigation in southern interior B.C. All treatments were intercrops; when barley cultivar effects are described they are averaged over the ryegrasses and vice versa. Barley cultivars differed in grain maturity. Ryegrass cultivars included diploid and tertraploid Italian and Westerwolds types. Intercrops including late grain maturing barley cultivars (Samson and Virden) increased the yield of the first silage cut (both by 25% over 2 yr) compared to Diamond, a medium-maturing cultivar adapted to the area. Intercrops containing the semi-dwarf barley, Samson, produced more digestible forage including higher in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and lower ADF and lignin. Annual ryegrass yield in the first cut intercropped with Samson was almost twice that with either Diamond or Virden, showing that Samson barley is less competitive. Second-cut yield (ryegrass regrowth) was greater for tetraploid than diploid annual ryegrasses. Yields of fall pasture (cuts 3 and 4) were similar among ryegrass cultivars. Cuts 2 and 3 (ryegrass only) of Italian ryegrasses had superior quality (higher IVDDM and protein; and lower ADF, lignin, and NDF) to Westerwolds ryegrassses, but all cultivars had similar quality in the late fall (Cut 4). It was concluded that a range of barley and annual ryegrass cultivars can be successfully intercropped to produce forage in south central B.C.Key words: Intercropping, barley annual ryegrass, forage yield and quality


1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout

Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Maris Ledger’) was seeded at rates ranging from 5 to 30 kg ha−1 as either a monocrop or an intercrop with 50, 100 or 150 kg ha−1 of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Diamond’). When ryegrass is intercropped with barley, cuts 1 and 2 are usually ensiled and the remainder of seasonal production is pastured (the equivalent of two forage cuts). Monocropped annual ryegrass produced 91% as much dry matter (DM) in the silage cuts as intercropped annual ryegrass and barley but produced 105% as much pasture. Over the season, monocropped ryegrass produced 11.1 t ha−1 of forage compared with 11.7 t ha−1 for intercropped annual ryegrass and barley. Among the intercropping treatments, increased barley seeding rate resulted in greater cut 1 yields, but this was offset by reduced cut 2 yields, so barley seeding rate did not affect the yield of DM for silage. Only 50 kg ha−1 of barley seed was required to obtain maximum yearly forage yields when intercropping with annual ryegrass. No more than 10 kg ha−1 of ryegrass seed was required for optimal yield when monocropping, and no more than 15 kg ha−1 when ryegrass was intercropped with barley. Monocropped ryegrass produced superior quality forage for silage. When quality was weighted for the relative yields of cuts 1 and 2, the monocrop averaged 16% protein and 72% in vitro disappearance of dry matter (IVDDM) compared with 12% protein and 58% IVDDM for the intercrops. Among the intercrops, increasing barley seeding rate from 50 kg ha−1 to 150 kg ha−1 did not affect the protein content of silage cuts, but it decreased IVDDM from 60% to 56%. Pasture forage quality was not affected by barley seeding rate.Key words: Intercropping, annual ryegrass, barley, seeding rate, yield


1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. STOUT ◽  
B. BROOKE ◽  
J. W. HALL ◽  
D. J. THOMPSON

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout ◽  
T. Moore

Forage yield and quality of four annual cropping sequences were compared under irrigation in the southern interior of British Columbia. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was intercropped with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (BR), double cropped alone (B–B), double cropped in mixtures with common vetch (Vicia saliva L.) (BV-BV), or double cropped with annual ryegrass included with the second crop (B–BR). Averaged over 2 yr, BR produced 19% more dry matter, 38% more in vitro digestible dry matter and 43% more crude protein than B–B. Intercropped common vetch (BV–BV) improved forage quality and increased protein yield of both barley crops without reducing seasonal dry matter yield. Intercropping annual ryegrass reduced the neutral detergent fiber of both barley crops, but did not affect other quality characteristics or yield.Key words: Forage mixtures, barley, annual ryegrass, common vetch, forage yield and quality


Agronomie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Borreani ◽  
Pier Giorgio Peiretti ◽  
Ernesto Tabacco

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