scholarly journals Antibodies against phosphorylcholine in hospitalized versus non-hospitalized obese subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amra Jujić ◽  
J. Korduner ◽  
H. Holm ◽  
G. Engström ◽  
E. Bachus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractObesity associates with reduced life expectancy, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and is characterized by chronic inflammation. Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an epitope on oxidized low-density lipoprotein, dead cells and some microorganisms. Antibodies against PC (anti-PC) have anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we explored the role of anti-PC in hospitalized versus non-hospitalized obese. One-hundred-and-twenty-eight obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) individuals (59.8 (± 5.5) years, 53.9% women) from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort were examined and IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 anti-PC were analyzed by ELISA. Individuals with at least one recorded history of hospitalization prior to study baseline were considered hospitalized obese (HO). Associations between IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 anti-PC and HO (n = 32)/non-hospitalized obese (NHO) (n = 96), but also with metabolic syndrome and diabetes were analysed using logistic regressions. Both IgM and IgG1 anti-PC were inversely associated with HO, also after controlling for age and sex. When further adjusted for waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose levels and smoking status, only IgG1 anti-PC remained significantly associated with HO. In multivariate models, each 1 standard deviation of increment in anti-PC IgG1 levels was inversely associated with prevalence of HO (odds ratio 0.57; CI 95% 0.33–0.98; p = 0.044). IgG2 anti-PC did not show any associations with HO. Low levels of IgM and IgG1 anti-PC are associated with higher risk of being a HO individual independent of sex and age, IgG1 anti-PC also independently of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The anti-inflammatory properties of these antibodies may be related to inflammation in obesity and its complications.

LDL receptor but not apolipoprotein E deficiency increases diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. E207-E214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Schreyer ◽  
Cynthia Vick ◽  
Theodore C. Lystig ◽  
Paul Mystkowski ◽  
Renée C. LeBoeuf
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Homeostasis

The aim of this study was to determine whether phenotypes associated with type 2 diabetes are altered in dyslipidemic obese mice. C57BL/6 wild-type, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient (LDLR−/−), and apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice were fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (diabetogenic diet), and the development of obesity, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia was examined. Wild-type mice became obese and developed hyperglycemia, but not hypertriglyceridemia, in response to this diet. LDLR−/− mice fed the diabetogenic diet became more obese than wild-type mice and developed severe hypertriglyceridemia and hyperleptinemia. Surprisingly, glucose levels were only modestly higher and insulin levels and insulin-to-glucose ratios were not strikingly different from those of wild-type mice. In contrast, diabetogenic diet-fed apoE−/− mice were resistant to changes in glucose and lipid homeostasis despite becoming obese. These data suggest that modifications in lipoprotein profiles associated with loss of the LDL receptor or apoE function have profound and unique consequences on susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetic phenotypes.

scholarly journals Study on health risk factors as a basis to implement programs that promote a nutritional culture in students of the la Sabana University

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background. Nowadays the importance of lifestyles in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome has been largely accertained. Objective. The purpose of our work is to implement programs that promote a nutritional culture in adolescents and young adults of the La Sabana University. Methods. The methodology entailed, after the corresponding informed consent, taking measures of the triceps and supraescapular skinfolds, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, and fat mass. Fasting blood samples were also taken to quantify cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Results. The results obtained show that of the 165 students, 10.3% were underweight, 13.93% were overweight and 0.6% were obese. With regards to gender, 4.8% of the men and 9% of the women were overweight, 3% of the men and 7.2% of the women were underweight, and 0.6% of the women were obese. The blood chemistry showed that 30% had hypercholesterolemia, 18% hypertriglyceridemia, 17% reported low HDL levels and 67% reported high LDL levels. Of all the cases studied, 40% are at risk of a metabolic syndrome. 60% claimed not to practice any physical activity - especially women who reported 44.70%. Conclusions. These findings have allowed us at the institution to implement a culture of healthy habits. The have also allowed us to identify students with risk factors for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This is why the cardiometabolic monitoring and control based on healthy eating and physical activity are important.

scholarly journals Triglyceride-containing lipoprotein sub-fractions and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: A prospective analysis in 11,560 adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 1617-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Joshi ◽  
S Goya Wannamethee ◽  
Jorgen Engmann ◽  
Tom Gaunt ◽  
Deborah A Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

Aims Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, there is uncertainty about the role of total triglycerides and the individual triglyceride-containing lipoprotein sub-fractions. We measured 14 triglyceride-containing lipoprotein sub-fractions using nuclear magnetic resonance and examined associations with coronary heart disease and stroke. Methods Triglyceride-containing sub-fraction measures were available in 11,560 participants from the three UK cohorts free of coronary heart disease and stroke at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association of each sub-fraction with coronary heart disease and stroke expressed as the odds ratio per standard deviation increment in the corresponding measure. Results The 14 triglyceride-containing sub-fractions were positively correlated with one another and with total triglycerides, and inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Thirteen sub-fractions were positively associated with coronary heart disease (odds ratio in the range 1.12 to 1.22), with the effect estimates for coronary heart disease being comparable in subgroup analysis of participants with and without type 2 diabetes, and were attenuated after adjustment for HDL-C and LDL-C. There was no evidence for a clear association of any triglyceride lipoprotein sub-fraction with stroke. Conclusions Triglyceride sub-fractions are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease but not stroke, with attenuation of effects on adjustment for HDL-C and LDL-C.

scholarly journals Duration of Type 2 Diabetes and Very Low Density Lipoprotein Levels Are Associated with Cognitive Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Yogi-Morren ◽  
Rachel Galioto ◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Strandjord ◽  
L. Kennedy ◽  
Pooja Manroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is now recognized as an independent risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline and neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. Less is known about the neurocognitive function of T2D patients with comorbid metabolic syndrome, despite their elevated risk for impairment. Computerized testing in 47 adults with T2D that met criteria for NCEP metabolic syndrome revealed that cognitive impairment was prevalent, including 13% in tests of memory, 50% in attention, and 35% in executive function. Partial correlations showed that longer duration of diabetes was associated with poorer performance on tests of basic attention (r=-0.43), working memory (r=0.43), and executive function (r=0.42). Strong associations between very low density lipoprotein and poor cognitive function also emerged, including tests of set shifting (r=0.47) and cognitive inhibition (r=-0.51). Findings suggest that patients with T2D that meet criteria for metabolic syndrome are at high risk for cognitive impairment. Prospective studies should look to replicate these findings and examine the possible neuroprotective effects of lipid-lowering medication in this population.

Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1740-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Insulin And Glucagon Secretion

Insulin resistance, largely caused by obesity and physical inactivity, both precedes and predicts type 2 diabetes. The insulin resistance preceding type 2 diabetes is commonly referred to as the metabolic syndrome. The latter condition consists of a cluster of risk factors, which are thought to be either causes or consequences of insulin resistance. The development of type 2 diabetes, overt hyperglycaemia, also requires the presence of a relative defect in insulin secretion. This defect appears, at least in part, genetically determined. Insulin resistance can be defined as the inability of insulin to produce its usual biological actions at circulating concentrations that are effective in normal subjects. This chapter is focused on defining and characterizing defects in insulin action and in insulin and glucagon secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the effects that these defects have on the body. The causes of insulin resistance in different tissues is also discussed. Hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome can be linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, the main cause of the excess mortality in type 2 diabetes, by increased very-low-density lipoprotein production which leads to the generation of small, dense, and atherogenic LDL particles. Insulin resistance is also seen in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, altering glucose and fatty acid handling in these tissues and the liver. The hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NFALD is defined as excess fat in the liver which is not due to excess alcohol use, and can lead to hepatic inflammation and even cirrhosis. There are defects in both insulin and glucagon secretion in type 2 diabetes, the exact cause of which remains speculative. Whilst family history and genetic factors appear to play a significant role in determining the susceptibility to overt type 2 diabetes, the only certain aspect of its aetiology and pathogenesis is that its incidence can very significantly be reduced by increasing physical activity and avoiding obesity.

scholarly journals Supplementation with Low Doses of a Cod Protein Hydrolysate on Glucose Regulation and Lipid Metabolism in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Jensen ◽  
Hanna Fjeldheim Dale ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk ◽  
Ingeborg Brønstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Glucose Levels

The risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus are increased in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and hydrolyzed fish protein may have favorable effects on metabolic health. Here, we investigated the effect of 8 weeks supplementation with 4 g of cod protein hydrolysate (CPH) on glucose metabolism, lipid profile and body composition in individuals with MetS in a double-blind, randomized intervention study with a parallel-group design. Subjects received a daily supplement of CPH (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15). Primary outcomes were serum fasting and postprandial glucose levels. Secondary outcomes were fasting and postprandial insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), fasting lipid concentrations and body composition. No difference was observed between CPH and placebo for insulin, glucose or GLP-1 after 8 weeks intervention. Fasting triacylglycerol decreased in both the CPH group and placebo group, with no change between groups. Fasting total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly within both groups from baseline to study end, but no difference was observed between the two groups. In conclusion, supplementing with a low dose of CPH in subjects with MetS for 8 weeks had no effect on fasting or postprandial levels of insulin, glucose or GLP-1, lipid profile or body composition.

scholarly journals A Review on the Protective Effects of Honey against Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ramli ◽  
Kok-Yong Chin ◽  
Khairul Zarkasi ◽  
Fairus Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Sugar Levels

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of diseases comprising of obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. There are numerous pre-clinical as well as human studies reporting the protective effects of honey against MetS. Honey is a nutritional food low in glycemic index. Honey intake reduces blood sugar levels and prevents excessive weight gain. It also improves lipid metabolism by reducing total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which leads to decreased risk of atherogenesis. In addition, honey enhances insulin sensitivity that further stabilizes blood glucose levels and protects the pancreas from overstimulation brought on by insulin resistance. Furthermore, antioxidative properties of honey help in reducing oxidative stress, which is one of the central mechanisms in MetS. Lastly, honey protects the vasculature from endothelial dysfunction and remodelling. Therefore, there is a strong potential for honey supplementation to be integrated into the management of MetS, both as preventive as well as adjunct therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals The role of inflammation in metabolic syndrome

SURG Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Cristina Cuda
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Signalling Molecules

The metabolic consequences of obesity have made this highly prevalent condition one of the most common risk factors for type 2 diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Simultaneous occurrence of these conditions can be explained through the manifestations of metabolic syndrome [MetS]. Clinical indication of MetS is characterized by a clustering of risk factors for complex chronic diseases which all feature metabolic deterioration as a common component. Diagnosis of MetS can be made if a patient exhibits three of the identified risk factors, some of which include: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein levels, hypertension and elevated blood glucose. The progression from obesity to MetS involves an alteration in body metabolism mediated by cytokines- signalling molecules that coordinate the inflammatory response. Increased visceral adipose tissue contributes to augmented secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines which can activate several transcription factors, including NF-κB, which promote these inflammatory conditions and lead to increased oxidative stress. Exacerbation of the condition then ensues as oxidative stress results in oxidized low density lipoprotein, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and atherogenesis. This review will not only focus on the role of inflammation in the manifestations of MetS, but also outlines some lifestyle and nutritional treatments that can be used to treat the condition and reduce the risk of chronic disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document